Riesgo de aerolización como limitante para el uso de cánulas de alto flujo en pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria por Covid-19 de hospitales de recursos limitados

Letter to the Editor (without abstract)Carta al Editor ( Sin resúmen

Adherence to Mediterranean diet associated with health-related quality of life in children and adolescents: a systematic review

Abstract Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has become a signifcant outcome in assessing interventions in the pediatric population and could be infuenced by diet patterns. The Mediterranean diet (MD) pattern has been related to multiple positive health outcomes, including decreased cardiovascular risk and better mental health. We aimed to evaluate the association between MD adherence and HRQoL in children and adolescents. Methods: The literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Ovid-MEDLINE databases from inception to May 2022. Two researchers independently checked titles and abstracts, evaluated full-text studies, extracted data, and appraised the risk of bias using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results: Eleven studies (1 longitudinal and 10 cross-sectional), totaling 6,796 subjects, were included. Ten studies assessed MD adherence with KIDMED index, and one assessed MD adherence with Krece Plus test, while all included studies assessed HRQoL with a KIDSCREEN test. All studies analyzed the association between MD adherence and HRQoL with linear regression, and eight used adjusted models. Five studies found a signifcant positive association of MD adherence with HRQoL, with β-values ranging from 0.13 to 0.26. Two found a nonsignifcant positive relationship, while one found a negative association. According to the NOS criteria, the risk of bias assessment showed four studies with a low risk of bias and seven with a high risk of bias. Conclusion: Our fndings suggest a positive correlation of MD adherence with HRQoL in children and adolescents. However, future research is needed to strengthen the evidence of this relationshi

Saúde ambiental: uma necessidade educativa para os médicos peruanos

Introduction: The implementation of courses related to environmental health in undergraduate curricula favors the formation of physicians more committed to the impact of climate change on health. The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence of environmental health courses in Peruvian medical schools, as well as their comparison with air quality levels for each region of the country. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out. We searched the web page of the National Superintendence of University Higher Education (SUNEDU) of Peru and selected those universities with registered human medicine faculties. We analyzed whether they included in their curriculum a course related to environmental medicine and compared it with the levels of air quality (particulate matter) for each region. Results: Of 41 medical schools included, 26 (63.4%) of them included a course related to environmental health in their curriculum, and 2 (7.7%) of them included it as an optional course. Of the regions with a moderate/bad air quality index, 63% have medical schools with lecture courses on environmental medicine. Conclusions: It is necessary to standardize its methodology, contents and teaching resources, as well as the study of relevant topics such as climate change, in addition to its integration with the other courses of the medical career given the importance of environmental health in the different regions of Peru.Introducción: La implementación de cursos relacionados a la salud ambiental en las currículas de pregrado favorece la formación de médicos más comprometidos con el impacto del cambio climático sobre la salud. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la prevalencia de cursos lectivos sobre salud ambiental en facultades de medicina del Perú, así como su comparación con los niveles de calidad de aire por cada región del país. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo. Se buscó en la página web de la Superintendencia Nacional de Educación Superior Universitaria (SUNEDU) del Perú y se seleccionó aquellas universidades con facultad de medicina humana registradas. Se analizó si estas incluían en su currículo un curso relacionado a medicina ambiental y se comparó con los niveles de calidad de aire (Material particulado) por cada región. Resultados: De 41 facultades de medicina incluidas, 26 (63,4%) de ellas incluyeron en su currículum un curso relacionado a salud ambiental, y 2 (7,7%) de ellas lo incluyeron como un curso opcional. De las regiones con un índice de calidad de aire moderado/malo, el 63% cuentan con facultades de medicina con cursos lectivos sobre medicina ambiental. Conclusiones: Es necesario estandarizar su metodología, contenidos y recursos de enseñanza, así como el estudio de temas relevantes como el cambio climático, además de su integración con los demás cursos de la carrera médica dada la importancia que cobra la salud ambiental en las diferentes regiones del Perú.Introdução: A implementação de cursos relacionados com a saúde ambiental nos currículos de licenciatura favorece a formação de médicos mais empenhados no impacto das alterações climáticas na saúde. O objectivo do estudo era identificar a prevalência de cursos de saúde ambiental nas escolas médicas do Peru, bem como a sua comparação com os níveis de qualidade do ar para cada região do país. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo. Procurámos no website da Superintendência Nacional do Ensino Superior Universitário (SUNEDU) do Peru e seleccionámos as universidades com uma faculdade registada de medicina humana. Analisámos se incluíam um curso relacionado com medicina ambiental no seu currículo e comparámo-lo com os níveis de qualidade do ar (partículas em suspensão) para cada região. Resultados: De 41 escolas médicas incluídas, 26 (63,4%) incluíram um curso relacionado com a saúde ambiental no seu currículo, e 2 (7,7%) incluíram-no como um curso opcional. Das regiões com um índice de qualidade do ar moderado/pobre, 63% têm escolas médicas com cursos de medicina ambiental. Conclusões: É necessário normalizar a sua metodologia, conteúdos e recursos pedagógicos, bem como o estudo de temas relevantes como as alterações climáticas, para além da sua integração com outros cursos na carreira médica, dada a importância da saúde ambiental nas diferentes regiões do Peru

Satisfacción del personal de salud y pacientes sobre un servicio de telesalud de un hospital de Perú

Objetivos. Evaluar el nivel de satisfacción con el servicio de telesalud del Hospital III Regional Honorio Delgado (HRHD) por parte del personal de salud y los pacientes atendidos, así como el nivel de madurez de implementación de dicho servicio. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional transversal llevado a cabo desde octubre a diciembre del 2021. La satisfacción del personal de salud y de los pacientes fueron evaluadas con la encuesta de Glaser et al. y el cuestionario Telemedicine Satisfaction Questionnaire (TSQ), respectivamente. El nivel de madurez del servicio se evaluó mediante la herramienta de medición del nivel de madurez de las instituciones de salud para implementar servicios de telemedicina de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Resultados. Se obtuvieron 129 respuestas del personal de salud. El número de profesionales no médicos satisfechos con el servicio de telesalud fue mayor al de médicos (72,5% vs 18,3%). De los 377 pacientes, el 77,6% manifestó estar satisfecho con el servicio. Con respecto al nivel de madurez, el servicio de telemedicina del HRHD cuenta con 32% de ítems en estado nulo, 40,8% en iniciado, 25,2% en avanzado y 2% en listo. Conclusiones. La satisfacción de los médicos fue menor a la de los otros profesionales de la salud. Los pacientes reportaron una satisfacción moderadamente alta. La implementación del servicio de telesalud en el HRHD se orienta hacia un nivel nulo o iniciado. Es importante que los tomadores de decisiones consideren la satisfacción de usuarios durante la implementación y seguimiento de los servicios de telesalud

Prevention and control practices against Sars-Cov2 infection in the peruvian population

Objetive: To describe the prevention and control practices for the infection to SARS-COV2 in the Peruvian population. Material and Methods: Observational descriptive study. We evaluated a non-probabilistic sample of adult residents in some departments of Peru. Preventive practices were evaluated in people without a history of COVID-19 and control practices in people who had suffered it. Results: We evaluated 3630 Peruvians (mean age 25.4 ± 9.5), of that 3231 don't have a history of COVID-19 and 399 who had suffered it. The prevention and control practices that were realized often or always, with more frequencies, was the use of a mask when they go out home (97.9% vs 87.7), cover their nose or mouth when they sneeze (95.4% vs 89.9%), save the distance to other people in the street (91.4% vs 74.7%), wash their hands when they came home (92.5% vs 88.7%), and disinfect the objects and personal places (82.6% vs 77.4%). The 22.1% and 83.7%, the 59.7% and 80.2, and the 8.0% and 16.8% consumed some type of medicine, medicinal plant, and chlorine dioxide to prevent and control the infection, respectively. Conclusion: In general, less than 50% of the participants performed prevention and control practices against COVID-19 often or always.Revisión por pare

Health science students’ preparedness for climate change: a scoping review on knowledge, attitudes, and practices

Abstract Introduction Climate change (CC) is a global public health issue, and the role of health professionals in addressing its impact is crucial. However, to what extent health professionals are prepared to deal with CC-related health problems is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health students about the CC. Methods We conducted a scoping review through systematic searches in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Proquest, and EBSCO. We included original scientific research with no language or time restrictions. Two authors independently reviewed and decided on the eligibility of the studies, then performed data extraction. Results 21 studies were included, with a total of 9205 undergraduate nursing, medical, pharmacy, and public health students mainly. Most health science students (> 75%) recognized human activities as the main cause of CC. However, they perceived a lack of knowledge on how to address CC. Moreover, we found inadequate coverage or limited development of CC in related curricula that may contribute to incomplete learning or low confidence in the theoretical and practical concepts of students. Conclusion The findings of our scoping review suggest that while health sciences students possess a general understanding of CC, there is a significant gap in their knowledge regarding its specific health impacts. To address this gap, there is a need for targeted education and training for future health care professionals that emphasizes the health effects of CC

Evaluating the diagnostic performance of hemoglobin in the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in altitude residents: A Scoping Review

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Percutaneous coronary intervention versus optimal medical therapy for stable coronary artery disease: An umbrella review

Background: Invasive management of stable coronary artery disease is still a controversial topic. The purpose of this umbrella review was to synthesize systematic reviews (SRs) that evaluate the benefits and harms of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) versus optimal medical therapy (OMT) in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL from 2018 to August 7, 2022. We included SRs with meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the question of interest. We assessed the methodological quality of the SRs with the AMSTAR-2 tool. We summarized the results of the outcomes for each SR. We calculated the degree of overlap of the RCTs included in the SRs using the corrected covered area (CCA). Results: We found 10 SRs with meta-analyses. The SRs included 3 to 15 RCTs. The degree of overlap among the SRs was very high (CCA > 15%). No SR evaluated the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE system and 9 out of 10 had critically low methodological quality. The SRs reported heterogeneous results for the outcomes of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, revascularization, and angina. On the other hand, for the outcomes of cardiovascular mortality and stroke, all SRs agreed that there were no differences between PCI and OMT alone. Conclusions: We found 10 SRs on the use of PCI compared to OMT alone for patients with stable coronary artery disease. However, none had high methodological quality, none evaluated the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach, and the results were inconsistent for several outcomes. This variability in evidence may result in divergent clinical decisions for the management of stable coronary artery disease among healthcare professionals. It is necessary to perform a high-quality SR using the GRADE approach to clarify the balance of benefits and harms of PCI

Factors Associated with Drug Consumption Without Scientific Evidence in Patients with Mild COVID-19 in Peru

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with the consumption of drugs without scientific evidence in patients with mild COVID-19 infection in Peru. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out including 372 adult patients with a history of mild COVID-19 disease. Factors associated with drug consumption were evaluated by Poisson regressions with robust variance adjustment using the bootstrapping resampling method. Results Seventy-two percent consumed some medication without scientific evidence, with antibiotics (71%) and ivermectin for human use (68%) being the most commonly used. Factors associated with the consumption of drugs to treat mild COVID-19 infection were thinking that the drugs are not effective (adjusted prevalence ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.74) and not being informed about the efficacy of the drugs (adjusted prevalence ratio, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.36-0.65). Conclusions Education of the population seems to be the main factor that increases the consumption of drugs without scientific evidence in the Peruvian population to treat mild COVID-19.Revisión por pare

Excluded studies and reasons.

ObjectiveThe objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the prevalence of hypertension in populations living at altitude in Latin America and the Caribbean.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search from January 1, 2000 to January 10, 2023 in Web of Science (WoS)/Core Collection, WoS/Medline, WoS/Scielo, Scopus, PubMed and Embase databases. We included studies that assessed the prevalence of hypertension in altitude populations (>1500 m.a.s.l.) and these were meta-analyzed using a random-effects model. To assess the sources of heterogeneity, we performed subgroup and meta-regression analyses.ResultsThirty cross-sectional studies (117 406 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Studies used different cut-off points. The prevalence of hypertension in the studies that considered the cut-off point of ≥ 140/90 mmHg in the general population was 19.1%, ≥ 130/85 mmHg was 13.1%, and ≥ 130/80 mmHg was 43.4%. There was a tendency for the prevalence of hypertension to be higher in men. In meta-regression analyses, no association was found between altitude, mean age, year of publication, risk of bias and prevalence of hypertension.ConclusionThe prevalence of hypertension in the altitude population of Latin America and the Caribbean is lower than that reported in populations living at sea level and lower than other altitude populations such as Tibetans.PROSPEROCRD42021275229.</div