26 research outputs found

    Drying kinetics of pineapple agro-industrial residues: a new approach / Cinética de secagem de resíduos agro-industriais de abacaxi: uma nova abordagem

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    Drying kinetics of pineapple agro-industrial residues was studied using thin-layer of product at , ,  and , and airflow rate of . The diffusion model was modified and fitted to experimental data of moisture ratio of pineapple residue to estimate the diffusion coefficient as function of temperature, and a good fitting of Arrhenius equation was obtained, with a variance explained of  Values of diffusion coefficients varied in the range from  to , approximately. A modification was implemented in the Page’s equation to include the diffusion effects explicitly, leading to a less empirical and simpler model to describe drying kinetics of pineapple residue. The model presented in this work proved to be adequate to predict drying ratio of pineapple residue, if the material layer thickness is , under the drying conditions used

    DNA Barcoding Bromeliaceae: Achievements and Pitfalls

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    <div><h3>Background</h3><p>DNA barcoding has been successfully established in animals as a tool for organismal identification and taxonomic clarification. Slower nucleotide substitution rates in plant genomes have made the selection of a DNA barcode for land plants a much more difficult task. The Plant Working Group of the Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) recommended the two-marker combination <em>rbcL</em>/<em>matK</em> as a pragmatic solution to a complex trade-off between universality, sequence quality, discrimination, and cost.</p> <h3>Methodology/Principal Findings</h3><p>It is expected that a system based on any one, or a small number of plastid genes will fail within certain taxonomic groups with low amounts of plastid variation, while performing well in others. We tested the effectiveness of the proposed CBOL Plant Working Group barcoding <em>markers</em> for land plants in identifying 46 bromeliad species, a group rich in endemic species from the endangered Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Although we obtained high quality sequences with the suggested primers, species discrimination in our data set was only 43.48%. Addition of a third marker, <em>trnH–psbA</em>, did not show significant improvement. This species identification failure in Bromeliaceaecould also be seen in the analysis of the GenBank's <em>matK</em> data set. Bromeliaceae's sequence divergence was almost three times lower than the observed for Asteraceae and Orchidaceae. This low variation rate also resulted in poorly resolved tree topologies. Among the three Bromeliaceae subfamilies sampled, Tillandsioideae was the only one recovered as a monophyletic group with high bootstrap value (98.6%). Species paraphyly was a common feature in our sampling.</p> <h3>Conclusions/Significance</h3><p>Our results show that although DNA barcoding is an important tool for biodiversity assessment, it tends to fail in taxonomy complicated and recently diverged plant groups, such as Bromeliaceae. Additional research might be needed to develop markers capable to discriminate species in these complex botanical groups.</p> </div

    Anålise paramétrica de chaminés solares visando à otimização de desempenho em climas típicos do território brasileiro

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    Resumo Uma das principais estratégias de resfriamento passivo de edificaçÔes é a ventilação natural, que pode ocorrer tanto por ação dos ventos como por efeito chaminé. A segunda opção é mais eficaz em situaçÔes em que a velocidade do vento é sensivelmente reduzida pelos obståculos locais, como ocorre no interior da malha urbana, por exemplo. Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar o potencial de chaminés solares para promover a ventilação natural em edificaçÔes de baixa altura, localizadas em climas típicos do território brasileiro. Para isso, realizou-se uma anålise dos efeitos da variação de diferentes parùmetros geométricos e construtivos do sistema para uma cidade representativa de cada zona bioclimåtica brasileira. Os parùmetros incluíram espessura do canal de ar, comprimento da chaminé e inclinação e tipo de vidro utilizado no coletor solar. Incluiu-se também uma anålise comparativa entre chaminés com e sem coletor solar, ambas com a mesma configuração geométrica. Os resultados obtidos indicam a aplicabilidade da chaminé solar para promover a ventilação natural nas cidades analisadas e permitem identificar os parùmetros e valores que otimizam o desempenho do conjunto para cada caso

    A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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    Meeting abstrac

    Calor especĂ­fico e densidade da polpa de cajĂĄ (Spondias lutea L.) com diferentes concentraçÔes de sĂłlidos solĂșveis sob baixas temperaturas

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    A polpa de cajĂĄ tem sido exportada da regiĂŁo Nordeste para todo o Brasil, e uma das maneiras de conservĂĄ-la Ă© processando-a e armazenado-a na forma congelada. Durante o processamento, existem dois fatores que favorecem a qualidade do produto a ser armazenado: a rapidez com que o produto Ă© congelado e a adição de açĂșcar como forma de dificultar a ação microbiolĂłgica. Na linha de processo, algumas propriedades termofĂ­sicas, como o calor especĂ­fico e a densidade, se alteram com as temperaturas negativas e com o teor de sĂłlidos solĂșveis totais; dessa forma, para o dimensionamento adequado de mĂĄquinas e equipamentos, torna-se necessĂĄrio conhecer essas propriedades, principalmente quando se operam equipamentos criogĂȘnicos, onde as temperaturas podem chegar a -196 ÂșC. Neste trabalho, determinaram-se a densidade e o calor especĂ­fico da polpa do cajĂĄ com quatro diferentes nĂ­veis de sĂłlidos solĂșveis totais (natural da polpa; 20; 40 e 60%) e temperaturas entre -196 ÂșC e -18 ÂșC. A densidade foi obtida pela razĂŁo entre a massa da polpa e o seu volume. O volume foi determinado pelo mĂ©todo do deslocamento de massa (ĂĄgua) e o calor especĂ­fico por meio de balanço de calor entre a massa da polpa, a massa do cilindro que contĂ©m a polpa e a massa do gelo. Conclui-se que a densidade da polpa de cajĂĄ aumenta em função da redução da temperatura e do aumento do teor de sĂłlidos solĂșveis totais de 9 para 60 &deg;Brix e que o calor especĂ­fico da polpa diminui com a diminuição de temperatura e aumenta com a concentração de sĂłlidos solĂșveis totais.The cajĂĄ pulp has been exported from the Northeast area to all parts of Brazil, and one of the ways of conserving it is processing and storing it in the frozen form. During the processing, there are two factors that favor the quality of the product to be stored; the speed that the product is frozen and the addition of sugar as a form of hindering the microbiologic action. In the process line, some thermo-physics properties like the specific heat and the density change themselves according to the negative temperatures and the total soluble solids content. Then, it's necessary to know those properties mainly when cryogenic equipments are operated, where the temperatures can be -196 ÂșC to have the appropriate dimension of machines and equipment. Therefore, in this work, it was determined the cajĂĄ pulp density and the specific heat for 4 different levels of total soluble solids (natural of the pulp; 20; 40 and 60%) and temperatures from -196 to -18 ÂșC. The density was obtained by the rate between mass of the pulp and its volume. The volume was determined by the displacement of mass (water) and the specific heat was determined by the balance of heating among the mass of the pulp, the mass of the cylinder that contains the pulp and the mass of the ice. The results allow to conclude that: a) the cajĂĄ pulp density increases in function of the variation of the temperature from -18 to -196 &deg;C, and also as a function of the increase of the total soluble solids content from 9 to 60 &deg;Brix; b) the cajĂĄ pulp specific heat decreases according to the decrease of the temperature and it increases according to the concentration of total soluble solids

    Cinética de congelamento do feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) a baixas temperaturas Freezing kinetics of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at low temperatures

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    O objetivo neste trabalho foi obter as curvas de congelamento do feijĂŁo, cultivar 'gordo', nas temperaturas de -25, -50, -170 e -196 ÂșC e determinar sua difusividade tĂ©rmica efetiva. Com vista Ă  obtenção das curvas de congelamento das sementes nas temperaturas de -25 e -50 ÂșC utilizou-se um freezer criogĂȘnico horizontal; para a temperatura de -170 ÂșC, o vapor de nitrogĂȘnio e, para a temperatura de -196 ÂșC, as sementes foram submersas no nitrogĂȘnio lĂ­quido. Afim de expressar o comportamento cinĂ©tico do congelamento das sementes de feijĂŁo, foi usado o modelo de Fourier levando-se em consideração o primeiro termo da sĂ©rie, alĂ©m dos Modelos I e II de Cavalcanti-Mata & Duarte. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os trĂȘs modelos representam satisfatoriamente os dados experimentais da cinĂ©tica de congelamento; apesar disto, com o Modelo II de Cavalcanti-Mata & Duarte se obtĂ©m o maior coeficiente de determinação. Constata-se tambĂ©m que, para congelar as sementes de feijĂŁo atĂ© atingir o equilĂ­brio tĂ©rmico na temperatura de -25 ÂșC, o tempo necessĂĄrio foi de 1200 min; em temperatura de -50 ÂșC o equilĂ­brio foi atingido com 480 min; a -170 ÂșC o equilĂ­brio se deu em 180 min e, a -196 ÂșC, em 30 min.<br>The objective of this study was to obtain the freezing curves of beans, variety 'gordo' at temperatures of -25, -50, -170 and -196 ÂșC, and determine their effective thermal diffusivity. For the curves of freezing beans seeds at temperatures of -25 and -50 ÂșC a cryogenic horizontal freezer was used, for temperature of -170 ÂșC, nitrogen vapor was used and at temperature of -196 ÂșC seeds were submerged in liquid nitrogen. To express the kinetic behavior of the freezing of bean seeds, the Fourier model was used taking into account the first term of the series and; Cavalcanti-Mata & Duarte model I and II. The results indicate that the three models satisfactorily represent the experimental data of the kinetics of freezing, though with Model II of Cavalcanti-Mata & Duarte highest coefficient of determination were obtained. It is concluded that time necessary to freeze the seeds of beans at temperature of -25 ÂșC was of 1200 min; at temperature of -50 ÂșC the equilibrium was reached with 480 min; at -170 ÂșC the time was 180 min and at -196 ÂșC it was 30 min
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