Impacto da obesidade em diferentes formas de tratamento da doença periodontal destrutiva : resultados preliminares

Objetivo: Comparar o efeito do tratamento periodontal não-cirúrgico associado ou não a antibiótico nos parâmetros clínicos periodontais em mulheres de peso normal ou obesas após 3 meses de acompanhamento. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um ensaio clínico randomizado, controlado por placebo, em paralelo, incluindo 28 mulheres (35-55 anos) 15 de peso normal e 13 obesas. Fumantes, diabéticas e com sobrepeso não foram incluídas. As pacientes foram alocadas randomicamente para receber placebo ou metronidazol (400mg, 3x/dia durante 10 dias). Todos os dentes receberam raspagem e alisamento radicular subgengival durante o uso da medicação. Os parâmetros clínicos periodontais foram avaliados por um examinador treinado e calibrado no início e 3 meses após o tratamento. Resultados: Todos os parâmetros clínicos apresentaram melhora durante o período de acompanhamento. Placa visível foi maior nos grupos recebendo placebo quando comparado aos que receberam metronidazol; entretanto essa diferença não foi significativa (p=0,50). Sangramento gengival e sangramento à sondagem foram observados em aproximadamente 10% e 25% dos sítios respectivamente, não sendo observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos (p=0,36 e 0,83, respectivamente). A redução na profundidade de sondagem variou entre 0,59 ± 0,17 e 1,03 ± 0,39mm e o ganho de inserção clínica variou entre 0,34 ± 0,37 e 0,52 ± 0,45mm. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos experimentais para estes parâmetros (p=0,09 e 0,76, respectivamente). Conclusão: Considerando as limitações desta análise preliminar, obesidade parece não afetar negativamente os resultados da terapia periodontal não-cirúrgica. Além disso, não foi observado benefício adicional com o uso do metronidazol.Aim: To compare the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy and systemic antibiotic on clinical parameters of normal weight and obese women after 3 months of follow-up. Material and Methods: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel randomized clinical trial was conducted including 28 women (35-55 years-old, 15 normal weight/13 obese). Smokers, diabetics and overweighted women were not included. Patients were randomly allocated to receive placebo or metronidazole (400mg TID for 10 days). All teeth were scaled and root planned while the patients were taking the medication. Clinical measurements were carried out by a calibrated examiner at baseline and 3 months. Results: All clinical parameters improved over the follow-up period. Visible plaque was higher in groups receiving placebo than metronidazole; however, this difference was not significant (p=0.50). Gingival bleeding and bleeding on probing were observed, respectively, in less than ~10% and ~25% of sites and no significant differences were observed among groups (p=0.36 and 0.83, respectively). Probing depth reduction ranged between 0.59 ± 0.17 and 1.03 ± 0.39mm and clinical attachment gain ranged between 0.34 ± 0.37 and 0.52 ± 0.45mm. No significant differences were observed among experimental groups for these parameters (p=0.09 and 0.76, respectively). Conclusion: Within the limitations of these preliminary findings, obesity does not seem to affect negatively the clinical outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Moreover, no additional benefit was observed with the use of metronidazole

A prática percussiva de bebês : análise microgenética e reflexões pedagógicas

Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Tania StoltzTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação. Defesa: Curitiba, 30/03/2017Inclui referências : f. 134-142Resumo: A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender a gênese da formação do conhecimento novo na performance musical de instrumentos de percussão com bebês. Usa a análise microgenética como paradigma para examinar a ação dos sujeitos com idade entre sete meses e três anos. Para tanto, o estudo lançará mão dos seguintes objetivos específicos: (a) identificar a formação dos processos imitativos e do jogo sensório-motor a partir da interação entre bebê e instrumento musical; (b) compreender as possibilidades interativas entre pais, bebês e música nas situações pedagógico-musicais; e (c) verificar as possibilidades de emersão de uma abordagem pedagógico-musical inspirada no Método Clínico piagetiano. O trabalho apoia-se teoricamente na Epistemologia Genética de Jean Piaget e inspira-se no Método Clínico como metodologia de pesquisa. Confirmamos nossa hipótese inicial de que há correlação entre os processos descritos por Piaget em seus estudos sobre o desenvolvimento geral dos bebês no período sensório-motor e pré-operatório e o desenvolvimento musical dos bebês no mesmo estádio de desenvolvimento. A partir do mapeamento da evolução do bebê que age sobre o tambor, identificamos quatro patamares distintos na relação dos sujeitos com o objeto: (i) o não-fazer e as pseudo-imitações; (ii) a exploração do objeto sonoro; (iii) a exploração do tambor como instrumento; e (iv) o tambor como ferramenta do jogo musical. Os resultados da investigação proporcionam uma melhor compreensão das condutas musicais infantis e fomentam a reflexão do educador sobre sua prática pedagógico-musical visando situações de aprendizagem significativas e que vão ao encontro das possibilidades cognitivas das crianças. Palavras-Chave: educação musical infantil - musicalização infantil - epistemologia genética - método clínico - aprendizagem e desenvolvimento.Abstract: The present research aims to understand the genesis of the formation of new knowledge in the musical performance of simple percussion instruments with infants. It uses microgenetic analysis as a paradigm to examine the action of subjects aged eight months to three years. To do so, the study will use the following specific objectives: (a) to identify the formation of imitative processes and sensory-motor play from the interaction between baby and musical instrument; (B) understand the interactive possibilities between parents, babies and music in pedagogical-musical situations; And (c) to verify the possibilities of the emergence of a pedagogical-musical approach inspired by the Piagetian Clinical Method. The work is Abelretically based on the Genetic Epistemology of Jean Piaget and is inspired by the Clinical Method as a research methodology. We confirm our initial hypothesis that there is a correlation between the processes described by Piaget in his studies on the general development of babies in the sensorimotor and preoperative period and the musical development of the babies at the same stage of development. From the mapping of the evolution of the baby that acts on the drum, we identified four distinct levels in the relation of subjects to the object: (i) non-doing and imitations by learning; (Ii) exploration of the sound object; (Iii) exploration of the drum as an instrument; And (iv) the drum as a tool of the musical game. The results of the research provide a better understanding of children's musical conducts and encourages the educator's reflection on their pedagogical-musical practice, aiming at meaningful learning situations that meet the children's cognitive possibilities. Keywords: early childhood music education - genetic epistemology - clinical method - learning and development

Dental care and the COVID-19 pandemic: the precautionary principle and the best available evidence

The precautionary principle is part of evidence-based healthcare. However, since it is not always based in the most qualified evidence, it is frequently questioned. The emergence of a highly contagious disease, with increased levels of morbimortality, an acute respiratory syndrome, the so called Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), led health professionals to look for the best alternatives to save lives. In this sense, the precautionary principle was evocated. The precautionary principle is used both preventively and therapeutically when knowledge about how to manage problems/diseases/conditions that are especially life-threatening. The aim of this short communication is to make a reflection about the precautionary principle, the dental profession and COVID-19. It is important to have in mind that in such a disease, guidelines, protocols and approaches can change very fast, since a continuous evaluation of all policies is mandatory

Efeito da obesidade e/ou periodontite induzida por ligadura na espessura da parede da aorta em ratos wistar

The purpose of this study was to evaluate aortic wall thickness after periodontal disease and/or obesity induction in a Wistar rat model. Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (CT), periodontal disease (PD), obesity (OB), and obesity plus periodontal disease (OB+PD). Groups OB and OB+PD received cafeteria diet for 17 weeks. After they had acquired obesity (week 12), periodontal disease was induced by placing a silk ligature on the maxillary right second molar of groups PD and OB+PD. During the experimental period, body weight and Lee index were assessed. Mean alveolar bone loss (ABL) was evaluated, and aortas were prepared for histometric analysis of the aortic wall by ImageJ software. Body weight and Lee index increased in rats exposed to cafeteria diet. Mean ABL was higher in Groups PD and OB+PD than in control and OB (p<0.05). ABL was 18% higher in Group OB+PD than in Group PD, with statistically significant difference (p<0.001). Aortas were thicker in Groups OB and OB+PD than in control and PD groups, respectively (2.31mm ± 0.28 and 2.33 ± 0.29 vs. 2.18 ± 0.26 and 2.14 ± 0.27). Group OB differed significantly from the control group (p=0.036), and OB+PD and OB differed significantly from PD (p=0.004 and p= 0.001, respectively). Obesity alters aortic wall thickness in Wistar rats. However, the presence of periodontal disease did not affect the aortic wall thickness under the conditions of the present study.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a espessura da parede da aorta após modelos de indução de doença periodontal e/ou obesidade em ratos Wistar. Sessenta ratos Wistar machos foram aleatoria ­ mente divididos em quatro grupos: controle (CT), doença periodontal (DP), obesidade (OB), obesidade mais doença periodontal (OB+DP). Os grupos OB e OB+DP rece beram dieta de cafeteria por 17 semanas. Após de adquirirem obesidade, (semana 12), doença periodontal foi induzido pela colocação de ligaduras de seda no segundo molar superior direito dos grupos DP e OB+DP. Durante o período experi mental, o peso corporal e índice de Lee foram obtidos. Média de perda óssea alveolar (POA) foi avaliada e as aortas preparadas para análise histométrica da parede aórtica (em mm) pelo software ImageJ. Ratos expostos a dieta de cafeteria demonstraram um aumento do peso corporal e do índice de Lee. Uma POA media maior foi observada nos grupos DP e OB+DP comparado aos grupos controle e OB (p<0.05). O grupo OB+DP, quando comparado ao grupo DP, apresentou POA 18% maior e essa diferença foi estatisticamente significativa (p<0.001). Os grupos OB e OB+DP exibiram uma espessura de aorta maior comparado aos grupos DP e controle, respectivamente (2.31 ± 0.28 e 2.33 ± 0.29 vs. 2.18 ± 0.26 e 2.14 ± 0.27). Diferenças significativas foram observadas nas comparações dos grupos OB e controle (p=0,036), e OB+DP e OB comparado ao grupo DP (p=0.004 e p= 0.001, respectivamente). A obesidade parece afetar a espessura da parede da aorta em ratos Wistar. Entretanto, a presença de doença periodontal não afetou a espessura da parede da aorta sob as condições do presente estudo

A tributação de uma Initial Coin Offering (ICO) sob perspectiva do Direito Internacional = The taxation of an Initial Coin Offering (ICO) from an International Law perspective

DOI: https://doi.org/10.54795/RejuBEsp.DirDig.22

Effect of inhaled corticosteroid on TNF-α production and alveolar bone loss in Wistar rats

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of different concentrations of inhaled budesonide on secretion of tumoral necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and on ligature-induced alveolar bone loss in Wistar rats.Materials and methodsForty-two animals were randomly divided in four groups. Control group (G1) did not receive any procedure. For the other 3 groups, alveolar bone loss was induced by placement of ligatures around the upper second molar. The contralateral molar was considered intra-group control. Group 2 (G2) was nebulized with saline solution (NaCl 0.9%). Groups 3 and 4 (G3 and G4) were nebulized with 30μg and 100μg budesonide, respectively. Administration of drugs was performed daily for 14 days. Blood samples were collected from all animals for analysis of TNF-α. The maxillae from G2, G3 and G4 were removed and defleshed with 9% sodium hypochlorite. Morphometric analysis of bone loss was performed in digital standard photographs. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey HSD or Scheffé multiple comparison's test (significance level P≤0.05).ResultsMean alveolar bone loss values for teeth with ligature were 0.72, 0.70 and 0.77mm for Groups 2, 3 and 4, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found amongst groups with or without ligature. The production of TNF-α was 60% higher in the presence of ligature (G1 vs. G2/G3/G4). No effect was observed in TNF-α secretion after inhalation of budesonide.ConclusionInhaled budesonide in different concentrations did not alter alveolar bone loss and TNF-α secretion in male Wistar rats

Recommendations on complementary feeding for healthy, full-term infants

Weaning (or introduction of complementary feeding) is a special and important moment in the growth of a child, both for the family and the infant itself, and it can play a major role in the child's future health. Throughout the years, various weaning modes have come in succession, the latest being baby-led weaning; the timing for introducing foods and the requirements of which sort of nutrient for weaning have also changed over time. Furthermore, the role played by nutrition, especially in the early stages of life, for the onset of later non-communicable disorders, such as diabetes, obesity or coeliac disease has also been increasingly highlighted. Members of Italian Society of Gastroenterology, Hepathology and Pediatric Nutrition (SIGENP) and the Italian Society of Allergology and Pediatric Immunology (SIAIP) Emilia Romagna here propose a practical approach for pediatricians to deal with daily practice. The four main areas for discussion were weaning in relation with the onset of allergic diseases, coeliac disease, diabetes and metabolic syndrome, the nutrition requirements to take into account for assessing the diet of infants under one year of age and about the practice of baby-led weaning focusing on limits and benefits, respectively

Effect of different presentations of resveratrol on cell proliferation and epitelial thickness of the oral mucosa of wistar rats

Introduction: Grape is one of the most important fruit crops across the world and can be consumed in different ways. There has been a growing interest in the role of antioxidants such as resveratrol, which can be found in grape skin, in oral and dental tissues. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the effect of different presentations of resveratrol on cell proliferation and epithelial thickness of the oral mucosa of Wistar rats. Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: water/control, red wine, grape juice, 12% alcoholic solution/ethanol and aqueous solution of resveratrol. Samples of palatal and tongue mucosa were collected for a histomorphometric analysis using hematoxylin-eosin staining and the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) technique for quantification of cell proliferation. Results: As to epithelial thickness, both the tongue and the palate showed a statistically significant difference between the control group and the other groups, with greater decrease in the resveratrol and the wine groups. In the suprabasal layer of both the tongue and the palate epithelium, red wine reduced the rate of cell proliferation, while ethanol increased it. In the basal layer of the tongue epithelium, there was a statistically significant difference between the control, the grape juice and the resveratrol groups and the ethanol group, with increased cell proliferation in the ethanol group. Conclusions: Wine does not interfere in the physiological renewal of the basal layer of the buccal epithelium and exerts a protective action by reducing the cell proliferation rate of the suprabasal layer. Keywords: Resveratrol; grape juice; wine; cell proliferation; epithelial thicknes