Introduction to Superstring Cosmology

This is a summary of lectures in superstring cosmology given by the author at the CORFU 2009 School and Workshops "Theory - Cosmology - Phenomenology", Corfu Institute, Greece, Sept 6-13, 2009. These lectures are based on some recent developments and ideas, in the framework of superstring theory, concerning the evolution and structure of the universe in (i) the very early "non-geometric"' cosmological era, (ii) the intermediate "radiation-like" era and (iii) the late time cosmological era characterized by the electroweak phase transition.Comment: Summary of lectures in superstring cosmology given by the author at the CORFU 2009 School and Workshops "Theory - Cosmology - Phenomenology". 6 page

CONTROLE ET GESTION PAR PROJET : RÔLE DU RISQUE ET DE L'APPRENTISSAGE ORGANISATIONNEL - LE CAS DE FRANCE TELECOM

Le but de cet article est de tenter d'analyser l'influence de la gestion par projet sur les mécanismes de contrôle. Nous intégrerons pour cela le rôle de l'apprentissage organisationnel, comme variable explicative intermédiaire, menant à la création de connaissances et permettant par conséquent une meilleure gestion du risque inhérent au management des projets.apprentissage organisationnel ; création de connaissances ; contrôle ; gestion par projet ; risque

ARCHITECTURE ORGANISATIONNELLE ET POLITIQUE D'INVESTISSEMENT : UNE ILLUSTRATION A TRAVERS UNE DOUBLE METHODOLOGIE EMPIRIQUE

Cette recherche a pour but de tenter d'expliquer le comportement des firmes en matière d'investissement. Pour cela, elle met en évidence le rôle de l'architecture organisationnelle (répartition de l'autorité et contrôles associés) en tant que facteur explicatif de l'efficacité de la gestion des investissements. Nous testons la plausibilité de ce modèle à travers une double méthodologie reposant à la fois sur une étude qualitative et quantitative.architecture organisationnelle; politique d'investissement

NWC Attitudes toward Kneeling and the National Anthem

We provide a summary report of a survey on student attitudes toward kneeling during the national anthems prior to NFL games and other athletic events. The study consists of a representative sample of 268 NWC students. The data were collected through a randomized email distribution and computer-assisted interviews during the fall of 2017. Our findings suggest that although NWC students generally recognize systematic disadvantages against people of color in the United States, they have reservations about whether kneeling is an appropriate or effective form of protest; nearly two thirds indicated that kneeling was disrespectful to the country. We also examine whether and how these attitudes are influenced by three other factors: political attitudes, gender, and religiosity. Conservative political attitudes and approval of Donald Trump’s presidential were both significantly associated with students’ negative attitudes toward kneeling. Women were more likely to approve of kneeling than men, and the effect of gender was partially mediated by political attitudes. The importance of religion was generally associated with stronger disapproval of kneeling during national anthems, but there is some evidence that religious salience has mixed effects on whether students believed kneeling was appropriate, effective, or disrespectful to country. We discuss how these findings reflect and may contribute to a national conversation about the meaning of kneeling in the context of American race relations, patriotism, and religious commitment

Auditoría gestión al Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Municipal de Pablo Sexto, provincia de Morona Santiago periodo 2015

El presente trabajo de investigación sobre auditoría de gestión al Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Pablo Sexto, para el período 2015, se desarrolló implementando cuestionarios de control interno aplicando el Coso I e indicadores de Gestión, que permitió evaluar la eficacia, eficacia, economía y ética en el manejo de los recursos administrativos y financieros, este trabajo permitió la evaluación del control interno que determino deficiencias en los procesos administrativo y operativos. Al finalizar la correspondiente investigación se emitió el informe de auditoría de gestión con los siguientes hallazgos como la falta de actualización de las ordenanzas, no cumplieron con los procesos de actualización de la base de datos, no se estableció la planificación adecuada del presupuesto de la institución, incumplimiento de la normativa legal, falta de seguimiento sobre la gestión municipal por parte de cada uno de los Directores Departamentales, desconocimiento por parte de las autoridades municipales de la importancia y los beneficios que brinda la aplicación de los indicadores de gestión, falta de programas de capacitación al personal, no se cumplió con el proceso de selección y contratación del personal, deficiente planificación por parte de la Dirección de Talento Humano. Se recomienda el fiel cumplimiento de las ordenanzas municipales, realizar la planificación presupuestaria de acuerdo a las necesidades establecidas, evaluar el seguimiento y cumplimiento de metas, implementar indicadores de gestión, elaborar un programa anual de capacitación, aplicar el proceso de selección y contratación de personal.The present research is about Audit Management to the Decentralized Municipal Autonomous Government of the Canton Pedro Sexto, for the period 2015, it was developed by implementing internal control questionnaires the Coso I and Management indicators, which allowed the evaluation of efficiency, economy and ethics in the management of administrative and financial resources, this work allowed the evaluation of internal control that determined deficiencies in administrative and operational processes. At the end of the corresponding investigation the management audit report was issued with the following finding as the lack of updating of the ordinances, did not accomplish with the processes of updating the database, an adequate planning of the institutions budget was not established, Breach of legal regulations, lack of monitoring on municipal management by each of the Departmental Directors, ignorance by the municipal authorities of the importance and benefits of the application of management indicators, lack of training programs for the staff, the process of selection and hiring of the staff was not accomplished, poor planning by the Director of Human Talent. It is recommended the strict fulfillment of the municipal ordinances, carry out the budget planning according to the established needs, evaluate the monitoring and fulfillment of goals, implement management indicators, develop an annual training program, apply the selection and hiring process of staff

Cosmological Phases of the String Thermal Effective Potential

In a superstring framework, the free energy density, F, can be determined unambiguously at the full string level once supersymmetry is spontaneously broken via geometrical fluxes. We show explicitly that only the moduli associated to the supersymmetry breaking may give relevant contributions. All other spectator moduli \mu_I give exponentially suppressed contributions for relatively small (as compared to the string scale) temperature, T, and supersymmetry breaking scale, M. More concisely, for \mu_I > T and M, F takes the form F(T,M; \mu_I)=F(T,M)+O[exp(- {\mu_I\over T}), exp(- {\mu_I\over M})] We study the cosmological regime where T and M are below the Hagedorn temperature scale T_H. In this regime, F remains finite for any values of the spectator moduli \mu_I. We investigate extensively the case of one spectator modulus \mu_d corresponding to R_d, the radius-modulus field of an internal compactified dimension. We show that its thermal effective potential admits five phases, each of which can be described by a distinct but different effective field theory. For late cosmological times, the Universe is attracted to a "Radiation-like evolution" with M(t) ~ T(t)~ 1/a(t)~ t^{-2/d}. The spectator modulus \mu(t) is stabilized either to the stringy enhanced symmetry point where R_d=1, or fixed at an arbitrary constant \mu_0>T,M. For arbitrary boundary conditions at some initial time, t_E, \mu(t) may pass through more than one effective field theory phase before its final attraction.Comment: 60 pages, 1 figur

Superstring cosmology for N_4 = 1 -> 0 superstring vacua

We study the cosmology of perturbative heterotic superstring theory during the radiation-like era for semi-realistic backgrounds with initial $\N=1$ supersymmetry. This analysis is valid for times after the Hagedorn era (or alternatively inflation era) but before the electroweak symmetry breaking transition. We find an attraction to a radiation-like era with the ratio of the supersymmetry breaking scale to temperature stabilized. This provides a dynamical mechanism for setting the supersymmetry breaking scale and its corresponding hierarchy with the Planck scale. For the internal space, we find that orbifold directions never decompactify, while toroidal directions may decompactify only when they are wrapped by certain geometrical fluxes which break supersymmetry. This suggests a mechanism for generating spatial directions during the radiation-like era. Moreover, we show that certain moduli may be stabilized during the radiation-like era with masses near the supersymmetry breaking scale. In addition, the moduli do not dominate at late times, thus avoiding the cosmological moduli problem.Comment: 54 pages, 3 figure

Spinor-Vector Duality in Heterotic SUSY Vacua

We elaborate on the recently discovered spinor-vector duality in realistic free fermionic heterotic vacua. We emphasize the interpretation of the freely-acting orbifolds carried out on the six internal dimensions as coordinate-dependent compactifications; they play a central role in the duality, especially because of their ability to break the right-moving superconformal algebra of the space-time supersymmetric heterotic vacua. These considerations lead to a simple and intuitive proof of the spinor-vector duality, and to the formulation of explicit rules to find the dual of a given model. We discuss the interest of such a duality, notably concerning the structure of the space of vacua of superstring theory.Comment: 28 pages, 6 table

Effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure on nutritive swallowing in lambs

Current knowledge suggests that, to be successful, oral feeding in preterm infants should be initiated as soon as possible, often at an age where immature respiration still requires ventilatory support in the form of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP). While some neonatologist teams claim great success with initiation of oral feeding in immature infants with nCPAP, others strictly wait for this ventilatory support to be no longer necessary before any attempt at oral feeding, fearing laryngeal penetration and tracheal aspiration. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to provide a first assessment of the effect of various levels of nCPAP on bottle-feeding in a neonatal ovine model, including feeding safety, feeding efficiency, and nutritive swallowing-breathing coordination. Eight lambs born at term were surgically instrumented 48 h after birth to collect recordings of electrical activity of laryngeal constrictor muscle, electrocardiography, and arterial blood gases. Two days after surgery, lambs were bottle-fed under five randomized nCPAP conditions, including without any nCPAP or nasal mask and nCPAP of 0, 4, 7, and 10 cmH(2)O. Results revealed that application of nCPAP in the full-term lamb had no deleterious effect on feeding safety and efficiency or on nutritive swallowing-breathing coordination. The present study provides a first and unique insight on the effect of nCPAP on oral feeding, demonstrating its safety in newborn lambs born at term. These results open the way for further research in preterm lambs to better mimic the problems encountered in neonatology

Mignonne : romance

MignonneEst le nom que je donne àcelle que chérit mon coeur:C\u27est un enfant plein de douceur,Son innocence est sa couronneEt sa parure est la fraicheur.Mignonne, Mignonne,Oh! ma MignonneAh! qu\u27à moi ton âme s\u27abandonne!Mavoix t\u27implore avec ardeur Mignonne! Mignonne!Un seul regard pour mon bonheur. Mignonne! à lâme douce et bonne,Lefront modeste et l\u27air pieux,Savoix, écho mystérieux,Entous mes sens vibre et résonneComme un concert délicieux...Mignonne! Mignonne!Oh! ma Mignonne!Ah! qu\u27a moi ton âme s\u27abandonne!Vois les pleurs qui brûlent mes yeux!Mignonne! Mignonne!Que ton amour m\u27ouvre les cieux! Mignonne!Ce nom que je te donne Sera le gage de ma foi:Je n\u27aimerai jamais que toi;De mon destin dispose, ordonne:Ton seul désir sera ma loi...Mignonne! Mignonne!Oh! ma Mignonne!Ah! tu n\u27es ni reine ni baronne,Mais si ton coeur se donne a moi,Mignonne, Mignonne,Je serai plus fier oui plus fier que le Roi