Efecto de la inversión en capital tecnológico sobre la productividad de las empresas en el departamento de Bolívar /

El valor del estudio del Capital Tecnológico no es un tema de amplia discusión, aún cuando diferentes países han demostrado el aumento de su desarrollo económico basado en el incremento en capital tecnológico (CT), hecho que algunos autores han logrado demostrarlo ampliamente con metodologías distintas (Vargas, 2003; Odagari, 1983). Existen inicios de toma de conciencia en cuanto a la importancia que tiene la acumulación de CT para aumentar la competitividad a nivel regional, ejemplo de ello es el trabajo realizado en documentos oficiales como el Plan Regional de Competitividad de Bolívar (2008 – 2032), pero aún hay deficiencia en materia investigativa en la medición del efecto de la inversión en Capital Tecnológico sobre la productividad. En este contexto, el presente trabajo tiene dos propósitos. El primero es indagar sobre la importancia de invertir en CT y sus consecuencias sobre la productividad de una firma, reflejada en las utilidades. Y el segundo es mostrar evidencia de por qué los sectores destacados en el Plan Regional de Competitividad de Bolívar (Petroquímico plástico, Turismo, Logística y Transporte, Diseño de construcción y reparación de embarcaciones navales y Agroindustria) son reconocidos como potencialidades del desarrollo económico en el departamento de Bolívar. Específicamente, se busca probar si existe una relación directa entre el CT y las utilidades de las empresas pertenecientes a estos sectores, los cuales fueron considerados como estratégicos y cumplidores de factores transversales asociados a infraestructura, al clima de negocios, a la formación del talento humano y a la promoción de la ciencia y la tecnología.Incluye referencias bibliográfica

Efecto de la inversión en capital tecnológico sobre la productividad de las empresas en el departamento de Bolívar

Este trabajo mide el efecto económico de la inversión en capital tecnológico sobre la productividad de las firmas de los sectores priorizados del departamento de Bolívar de acuerdo con el Plan Regional de Competitividad de Cartagena y Bolívar. Para ello se aplica la técnica de modelos Panel Multivariado que propone realizar una medida de la inversión en Capital Tecnológico (CT) utilizando como fuente de información los estados financieros de empresas del departamento de Bolívar -en el período 1995 - 2014- agrupadas en 16 ramas de actividad económica con registro en la Superintendencia de Sociedades. Las estimaciones del modelo econométrico indican que la inversión en Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación refleja un aumento de la rentabilidad general de la empresa que la realiza

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

La economía del Magdalena: del banano al carbón

El estudio que se presenta a continuación constituye un análisis situacional del sector de economía solidaria en la ciudad de Cartagena durante el quinquenio 2000 y 2004, en donde se emplean herramientas socio-económicas, con el propósito de evaluar la situación social , financiera y económica de las empresas pertenecientes al sector solidario, para poder identificar su viabilidad en el medio y largo plazo con el fin definir recomendaciones eficaces que permitan el fortalecimiento socioeconómico del sector. El estudio comprende un marco referencial constituido por una reseña histórica del sector solidario a nivel mundial, en Colombia y en la ciudad de Cartagena. Además se hace referencia teórica acerca de la importancia de la solidaridad en las economías nacionales e internacionales, aproximándose de forma más objetiva al concepto de economía solidaria, es decir, desde los enfoques microeconomicos, macroeconómicos y consecutivamente desde una economía de mercado. Igualmente en este estudio se hace referencia al marco legal del sector de economía solidaria en Colombia con las normas y leyes que la regulan analizando objetivamente la ley de economía solidaria, marco normativo de las organizaciones y la estructura solidaria del estado colombiano. Para efectos de realizar esta investigación de la forma más objetiva posible, se analizará partiendo desde la base del objetivo general del presente estudio, el cual consiste en Identificar la evolución del sector de economía solidaria de Cartagena durante los periodos correspondientes. No obstante, para cumplir con dicho objetivo se procederá con la elaboración de cuatro objetivos específicos donde primero se describirán la cobertura institucional del sector tomando como instrumentos claves la participación de los asociados, empleos, actividades económicas y el comportamiento de las ventas para conocer la importancia en la economía nacional

Plan de negocios: producción y distribución de heliconias en la ciudad de Cartagena

los resultados de la investigación están enfocados en dar a conocer todos los puntos principales de la producción (siembra, cosecha, postcosecha y almacenamiento de las flores tropicales) y distribución hacia clientes potenciales, como hoteles y analizando las ventajas y desventajas de este plan de negocio dentro de la ciudad d Cartagena lo que nos permite identificar cuellos de botella y a la vez mejorar en cuanto a la distribución y entrega justo a tiempo de los pedidos. De igual forma esta investigación mostró lo que representa el comercio de las heliconias para nuestra ciudad

Prosthetic Valve Candida spp. Endocarditis: New Insights Into Long-term Prognosis—The ESCAPE Study

International audienceBackground: Prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Candida spp. (PVE-C) is rare and devastating, with international guidelines based on expert recommendations supporting the combination of surgery and subsequent azole treatment.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed PVE-C cases collected in Spain and France between 2001 and 2015, with a focus on management and outcome.Results: Forty-six cases were followed up for a median of 9 months. Twenty-two patients (48%) had a history of endocarditis, 30 cases (65%) were nosocomial or healthcare related, and 9 (20%) patients were intravenous drug users. "Induction" therapy consisted mainly of liposomal amphotericin B (L-amB)-based (n = 21) or echinocandin-based therapy (n = 13). Overall, 19 patients (41%) were operated on. Patients <66 years old and without cardiac failure were more likely to undergo cardiac surgery (adjusted odds ratios [aORs], 6.80 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59-29.13] and 10.92 [1.15-104.06], respectively). Surgery was not associated with better survival rates at 6 months. Patients who received L-amB alone had a better 6-month survival rate than those who received an echinocandin alone (aOR, 13.52; 95% CI, 1.03-838.10). "Maintenance" fluconazole therapy, prescribed in 21 patients for a median duration of 13 months (range, 2-84 months), led to minor adverse effects.Conclusion: L-amB induction treatment improves survival in patients with PVE-C. Medical treatment followed by long-term maintenance fluconazole may be the best treatment option for frail patients

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis.

The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327  There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in th

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

Contemporary use of cefazolin for MSSA infective endocarditis: analysis of a national prospective cohort

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the real use of cefazolin for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infective endocarditis (IE) in the Spanish National Endocarditis Database (GAMES) and to compare it with antistaphylococcal penicillin (ASP). Methods: Prospective cohort study with retrospective analysis of a cohort of MSSA IE treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Outcomes assessed were relapse; intra-hospital, overall, and endocarditis-related mortality; and adverse events. Risk of renal toxicity with each treatment was evaluated separately. Results: We included 631 IE episodes caused by MSSA treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Antibiotic treatment was cloxacillin, cefazolin, or both in 537 (85%), 57 (9%), and 37 (6%) episodes, respectively. Patients treated with cefazolin had significantly higher rates of comorbidities (median Charlson Index 7, P <0.01) and previous renal failure (57.9%, P <0.01). Patients treated with cloxacillin presented higher rates of septic shock (25%, P = 0.033) and new-onset or worsening renal failure (47.3%, P = 0.024) with significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality (38.5%, P = 0.017). One-year IE-related mortality and rate of relapses were similar between treatment groups. None of the treatments were identified as risk or protective factors. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cefazolin is a valuable option for the treatment of MSSA IE, without differences in 1-year mortality or relapses compared with cloxacillin, and might be considered equally effective