UNIVERSIDADES E INOVAÇÃO: configurações institucionais & terceira missão

O texto analisa a chamada “3ª Missão” da universidade de pesquisa, qual seja, a de transferir conhecimento, tecnologia e inovação; que tem sido acompanhada por reconfigurações tanto da pesquisa (alinhando-a ao novo modo de produção cientifica), quanto do ensino (alinhando-o aos novos perfis adequados à economia e sociedade do conhecimento). Faz-se um breve resumo das reformas européias que alteraram profundamente o sistema de governança do ensino superior e de suas universidades, seguido de uma sistematização das mudanças que vêm redefinindo o lugar e papéis das universidades de pesquisa no Brasil – tanto as promovidas pelo MEC, quanto principalmente, pelo MCT. Estes materiais são usados para discutir o ajuste da configuração institucional das universidades de pesquisa brasileiras – especialmente, as da rede federal – aos novos desafios de produzir (e transferir) conhecimentos e quadros que alavanquem a inovação, a economia e sociedade do conhecimento no país. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: transferência de conhecimento e tecnologia, inovação, 3ª. Missão, governança e relevância do ensino superior.UNIVERSITIES AND INNOVATION: institutional configuration & third mission Maria Helena de Magalhães Castro This text analyses the so called “3rd Mission” of the research university, what ever transfer of knowledge, technology and innovation; that has been fallowed by reconfigurations in both researchers (lining up to the new way of scientific production), and education (lining up to new adequate profiles to the economy and society of technology). Doing a brief summary of the European reforms that changed deeply the governance system of higher education and its universities, fallowed by a changing systematization that has been reshaping the place and roles that of the research universities in Brazil – both those promoted by the MEC (Ministry of Education & Culture), and specially those promoted by MCT (Ministry of Science & Technology). These materials are used to discuss the adjustments of the institutional configuration of the Brazilian research universities – specially the federal network – to the new challenges of producing (and transferring) knowledge and frameworks that propels innovation, economy and knowledge society in the country. KEY WORDS: knowledge and technology transfer, innovation, 3rd Mission, governance and relevance of higher education.UNIVERSITÉS ET INNOVATION: configurations institutionnelles & troisième mission Maria Helena de Magalhães Castro Le texte analyse ce qu’on appelle la “Troisième Mission” de l’université en matière de recherche, c’està- dire celle de transmettre connaissance, technologie et innovation. Ceci suppose quelques reconfigurations/ redéfinitions autant de la recherche (en l’ajustant au nouveau mode de production scientifique) que de l’enseignement (en l’ajustant aux nouveaux profils adaptés à l’économie et à la société de la connaissance). On y présente un résumé des réformes européennes, qui modifient profondément le système de gouvernance de l’enseignement supérieur et des universités. Puis une systématisation des changements qui redéfinissent le lieu et le rôle des universités en matière de recherche au Brésil – celles créés par le MEC (Ministère de l’Éducation et de la Culture) mais aussi et surtout celles créés par le MCT (Ministère des Sciences et de la Technologie). Ces documents sont utilisés pour discuter de l’ajustement de la configuration institutionnelle des universités brésiliennes en matière de recherche – et tout spécialement les fédérales – aux nouveaux défis de production (et transfert) des connaissances et des éléments qui favorisent l’innovation, l’économie et la société de la connaissance dans le pays. MOTS-CLÉS: transfert de connaissance et de technologie, innovation, Troisième Mission, gouvernance et importance de l’enseignement supérieur. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br   Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccr

Tecnologia para a indústria: a história do Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia

Os investimentos feitos no Brasil na área de ciência e tecnologia nos últimos 15 anos alteraram de maneira profunda o quadro institucional e humano deste tipo de atividade no país. Grandes programas científicos, tecnológicos e de educação pós-graduada foram lançados - na área energética, agrícola, de saúde, engenharia e várias outras - pela criação de novas instituições ou pela transformação freqüentemente radical de outras, que eram adaptadas para desempenhar os novos objetivos que iam sendo definidos

Uma capitania dos novos tempos: economia, sociedade e política na São Paulo restaurada (1765-1822)

O artigo reflete sobre a trajetória da Capitania de São Paulo, a partir de 1750, apontando sua transformação, de fronteira e "boca do sertão", para território estratégico da conquista e defesa das partes meridionais e área economicamente integrada aos circuitos mercantis atlânticos.In this article, we reflect upon the history of the Captaincy of São Paulo as from 1750, drawing attention to its transformation from frontier land and "door to the backcountry" into a territory of strategic value for the purposes of conquest and defense of the southern regions, and economically integrated into the Atlantic trade routes

Postmortem Analyses Unveil the Poor Efficacy of Decontamination, Anti-Inflammatory and Immunosuppressive Therapies in Paraquat Human Intoxications

studies resulting from human PQ poisonings have assessed the relationship of these therapeutic measures with PQ toxicokinetics and related histopathological lesions, these being the aims of the present study.For that purpose, during 2008, we collected human fluids and tissues from five forensic autopsies following fatal PQ poisonings. PQ levels were measured by gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. Structural inflammatory lesions were evaluated by histological and immunohistochemistry analysis. The samples of cardiac blood, urine, gastric and duodenal wall, liver, lung, kidney, heart and diaphragm, showed quantifiable levels of PQ even at 6 days post-intoxication. Structural analysis showed diffused necrotic areas, intense macrophage activation and leukocyte infiltration in all analyzed tissues. By immunohistochemistry it was possible to observe a strong nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation and excessive collagen deposition.Considering the observed PQ levels in all analyzed tissues and the expressive inflammatory reaction that ultimately leads to fibrosis, we conclude that the therapeutic protocol usually performed needs to be reviewed, in order to increase the efficacy of PQ elimination from the body as well as to diminish the inflammatory process

Building a Portuguese Coalition for Biodiversity Genomics

The diverse physiography of the Portuguese land and marine territory, spanning from continental Europe to the Atlantic archipelagos, has made it an important repository of biodiversity throughout the Pleistocene glacial cycles, leading to a remarkable diversity of species and ecosystems. This rich biodiversity is under threat from anthropogenic drivers, such as climate change, invasive species, land use changes, overexploitation or pathogen (re)emergence. The inventory, characterization and study of biodiversity at inter- and intra-specific levels using genomics is crucial to promote its preservation and recovery by informing biodiversity conservation policies, management measures and research. The participation of researchers from Portuguese institutions in the European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA) initiative, and its pilot effort to generate reference genomes for European biodiversity, has reinforced the establishment of Biogenome Portugal. This nascent institutional network will connect the national community of researchers in genomics. Here, we describe the Portuguese contribution to ERGA’s pilot effort, which will generate high-quality reference genomes of six species from Portugal that are endemic, iconic and/or endangered, and include plants, insects and vertebrates (fish, birds and mammals) from mainland Portugal or the Azores islands. In addition, we outline the objectives of Biogenome Portugal, which aims to (i) promote scientific collaboration, (ii) contribute to advanced training, (iii) stimulate the participation of institutions and researchers based in Portugal in international biodiversity genomics initiatives, and (iv) contribute to the transfer of knowledge to stakeholders and engaging the public to preserve biodiversity. This initiative will strengthen biodiversity genomics research in Portugal and fuel the genomic inventory of Portuguese eukaryotic species. Such efforts will be critical to the conservation of the country’s rich biodiversity and will contribute to ERGA’s goal of generating reference genomes for European species.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio