Estudo de um perfil podzólico e de brunizem da zona oeste do estado do Rio de Janeiro

This work describes the study of two types of soil profiles , podzolic and brunizem . The profiles are localized at Avenida Brasil near the Cabritos viaduct in the city of Rio de Janeiro . Chemical analyses, pH values, sulfuric digestion (SiO2, Al2O3,Fe2O3, TiO2, K2O, Na2O), X-ray diffraction of the clay and silt fractions, mineralogical analyses of sand under the microscope , physical measurements of the Atterberg limits, grain size analyses and specific gravity of solids, were undertaken. The analysed soils have values of the Atterberg limits coherent with the grain size and mineralogy, and the geochemical behavior of the elements analysed is compatible with the pedogenetic processes of formation of these profiles.Este trabalho consiste do estudo químico-mineralógico e físico de dois perfis de solos; podzólico e brunizem. Os perfis estão localizados na Avenida Brasil perto do viaduto dos Cabritos na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Implementaram-se análises com a determinação do pH, ataque sulfúrico (SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, K2O, Fe2O3, Na2O), análises mineralógicas na fração argila e silte por difraçào de Raios-X, mineralogia da fração areia por lupa binocular e ensaios físicos como: Limites de Atterberg, granulometria e densidade real dos grãos. Concluímos que os solos estudados possuem valores dos Limites de Atterberg coerentes com a granulometria e mineralogia. Verificou-se também que o comportamento geoquímico dos elementos analisados está de acordo com os processos pedogenéticos formadores destes perfis

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AIM: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. METHODS: This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. RESULTS: Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION: One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease

Alguns Parâmetros Utilizados na Avaliação Hidrogeoquímica de um Campo Petrolífero na Bacia de Campos (RJ). Estudos Preliminares

The study of the formation water is receiving a great importance, as a tool in the studies of migration, weathering and accumulation of hidrocarbons. The present study is based on the interpretation of chemical and isotopic data of formation water belonging to Lagoa Feia and the Macae Formations of the Campos Basin oil field. The purpose of mecanisms for evolution and genetic classification of formation water, that was intended in the recent study, determined theirs sources and hydrogeological environments in question. Finnaly, these basic facts were related with the possibility, or not, of accumulation of hydrocarbons. The sample from Campo X point towards existence of "stagnated environments" with low circulation of water, inclined for accumulation of hydrocarbons, shuting out sample 4 (four), belong to Lagoa Feia Formation, is described how indued in the hydrodinamic circulation zone. The strong point of dolomitization and water reaction with clay minerals shows an influence of the meteoric diagenetic environments, proving that before the establishment of estagnated condition observed, probably the water of Campo X received a strong meteoric influence. The waters studied are resulted of one mixture of waters from different brines among these waters originated by evaporation are included. It's possible, because high brines of Lagoa Feia Formation could have some vulcanic contribution.Resum

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)