CONSUMO DE ESTEROIDES ANABOLIZANTES POR PRATICANTES DE EXERCÍCIOS FÍSICOS EM ACADEMIAS DE PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE

O uso indiscriminado de esteroides androgênicos anabolizantes (EAAs), suplementos alimentares (SAs) e termogênicos estão entre os fármacos mais procurados para obter um estereótipo de corpo perfeito. O presente estudo objetivou sinalizar a prevalência do uso de EAAs entre os praticantes de atividade física de academias de Presidente Prudente. Foi criado um questionário semiestruturado, autoaplicável e anônimo para obter os respectivos dados, 120 questionários foram respondidos, no intervalo de 1 semana, onde a frequência das respostas caracterizaram que 76,7% dos entrevistados está fazendo uso de alguma substância ergogênica, 10% relatou uso de esteroides anabolizantes, 22,5% termogênicos e 44,2% suplementos alimentares, com prevalência para o sexo masculino. Esses dados demonstram que os EAA são uma realidade nas academias da cidade de Presidente Prudente/SP. São usados entre pessoas com maior grau de instrução, jovens e do sexo masculino

Dectin-1 Activation Exacerbates Obesity and Insulin Resistance in the Absence of MyD88

This work was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, grant numbers 11/15682-4, 12/02270-2, 15/18121-4), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Regenera INCT Process Grant 465656/2014-5). JL is funded by the NIH/NIDDK R01DK106210. GDB is funded by the Wellcome Trust and the MRC Centre for Medical Mycology. Open access journalPeer reviewedPublisher PD

Butyrate Attenuates Lung Inflammation by Negatively Modulating Th9 Cells

Th9 cells orchestrate allergic lung inflammation by promoting recruitment and activation of eosinophils and mast cells, and by stimulating epithelial mucus production, which is known to be mainly dependent on IL-9. These cells share developmental pathways with induced regulatory T cells that may determine the generation of one over the other subset. In fact, the FOXP3 transcription factor has been shown to bind il9 locus and repress IL-9 production. The microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) butyrate and propionate have been described as FOXP3 inducers and are known to have anti-inflammatory properties. While SCFAs attenuate lung inflammation by inducing regulatory T cells and suppressing Th2 responses, their effects on Th9 cells have not been addressed yet. Therefore, we hypothesized that SCFAs would have a protective role in lung inflammation by negatively modulating differentiation and function of Th9 cells. Our results demonstrated that butyrate is more effective than propionate in promoting FOXP3 expression and IL-9 repression. In addition, propionate was found to negatively impact in vitro differentiation of IL-13-expressing T cells. Butyrate treatment attenuated lung inflammation and mucus production in OVA-challenged mice, which presented lower frequency of lung-infiltrated Th9 cells and eosinophils. Both Th9 cell adoptive transfer and IL-9 treatment restored lung inflammation in butyrate-treated OVA-challenged mice, indicating that the anti-inflammatory effects of butyrate may rely on suppressing Th9-mediated immune responses

EFEITO DO EXERCÍCIO DE FORÇA NA COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL DE RATOS OBESOS

O presente estudo buscou analisar o efeito do exercício de força na composição corporal de ratos acometidos por obesidade, induzida por dieta hipercalórica. Foram utilizados 12 ratos, divididos em dois grupos: Controle Treinamento (CT, n=6) e Obeso Treinamento (OT, n=6). Os animais do grupo CT apresentaram valor reduzido do índice de Lee e IMC, além de menor quantidade de tecido adiposo epididimal em relação ao OT. Portanto conclui-se que esta forma de exercício pode auxiliar no combate a obesidade, entretanto, salienta-se que além do exercício, a dieta exerce papel fundamental na redução de peso corporal, sendo a associação de exercício e dieta adequada, a forma mais eficaz na redução do peso corporal

EFEITO DO DESTREINAMENTO SOBRE A COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL DE RATOS SUBMETIDOS À DIETA PADRÃO E HIPERCALÓRICA

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar o efeito do destreinamento sobre a composição corporal de ratos submetidos à dieta hiperlipídica e dieta padrão com ração. Foram utilizados 30 ratos machos, divididos nos grupos Controle Sedentário (CS) e Controle Exercício Destreinado (CEd), Obeso Sedentário (OS) e Obeso Exercício Destreinado (OEd), que realizaram treinamento de saltos, com 3 x 12 repetições, 3x/semana, por oito semanas. Em seguida, permaneceram por mais oito semanas sem realizar atividade física. Foram mensurados comprimento e peso dos animais. Em seguida, foram eutanasiados e retirado o tecido adiposo epididimal. Foram calculados: Tecido Adiposo Epidimal (TecAdp) total (g) e percentual (%), Índice de Lee e Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Os animais dos grupos CS e CEd apresentaram menor ganho de peso em relação aos animais dos grupos OS e OEd. Além disso, o grupo CEd demonstrou valores de TecAdp (totais e percentuais) e IMC, inferiores aos dos grupos OS e OEd

Photobiomodulation reduces the cytokine storm syndrome associated with Covid-19 in the zebrafish model

Although the exact mechanism of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is not fully understood, oxidative stress and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been highlighted as playing a vital role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this sense, alternative treatments are needed to reduce the inflammation caused by COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential effect of red PBM as an attractive therapy to downregulate the cytokine storm caused by COVID-19 from a zebrafish model. RT-PCR analyses and protein-protein interaction prediction among SARS-CoV-2 and Danio rerio proteins showed that rSpike was responsible for generating systemic inflammatory processes with significantly increased pro-inflammatory (il1b, il6, tnfa, and nfkbiab), oxidative stress (romo1) and energy metabolism (slc2a1a, coa1) mRNA markers, with a pattern like those observed in COVID-19 cases in humans. On the other hand, PBM treatment decreased the mRNA levels of these pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers compared with rSpike in various tissues, promoting an anti-inflammatory response. Conversely, PBM promotes cellular and tissue repair of injured tissues and significantly increases the survival rate of rSpike-inoculated individuals. Additionally, metabolomics analysis showed that the most impacted metabolic pathways between PBM and the rSpike-treated groups were related to steroid metabolism, immune system, and lipids metabolism. Together, our findings suggest that the inflammatory process is an incisive feature of COVID-19, and red PBM can be used as a novel therapeutic agent for COVID-19 by regulating the inflammatory response. Nevertheless, the need for more clinical trials remains, and there is a significant gap to overcome before clinical trials.publishedVersio

Photon shot-noise limited transient absorption soft X-ray spectroscopy at the European XFEL

Femtosecond transient soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) is a very promising technique that can be employed at X-ray Free Electron Lasers (FELs) to investigate out-of-equilibrium dynamics for material and energy research. Here we present a dedicated setup for soft X-rays available at the Spectroscopy & Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (EuXFEL). It consists of a beam-splitting off-axis zone plate (BOZ) used in transmission to create three copies of the incoming beam, which are used to measure the transmitted intensity through the excited and unexcited sample, as well as to monitor the incoming intensity. Since these three intensity signals are detected shot-by-shot and simultaneously, this setup allows normalized shot-by-shot analysis of the transmission. For photon detection, the DSSC imaging detector, which is capable of recording up to 800 images at 4.5 MHz frame rate during the FEL burst, is employed and allows approaching the photon shot-noise limit. We review the setup and its capabilities, as well as the online and offline analysis tools provided to users.Comment: 11 figure