Incidencia de diarreas en menores de 5 años y su relación con la calidad y disponibilidad del agua para uso y consumo humano en Sabinas Hidalgo, Nuevo León (México)

Debido a que el agua para uso y consumo humano puede ser un vehículo en la propagación deenfermedades transmisibles, se llevó en Sabinas Hidalgo, Nuevo León, un estudio de casos ycontroles no apareados con la finalidad de establecer la relación de la calidad y disponibilidad delagua de uso y consumo humano con la ocurrencia de diarreas en menores de 5 años, que fueronatendidos en los Servicios de Salud., durante julio a octubre de 1998. Durante el período de estudio,se identificaron 42 casos y 42 controles. El factor que se encontró asociado de manera significativacon la probabilidad de enfermar por diarrea fue el nivel de cloración en rangos menores a 0.50 mg/ltscon un Odds Ratio de 4.14 (IC 95% 1.62-10.60) y una fracción etiológica del 75.9%.AbstractBecause the water for use and human consumption can be a vehicle in the propagation oftransferable illnesses, it was taken in Sabinas Hidalgo, Nuevo León, a study of cases and controlsnot matched up with the purpose of establishing the relationship of the quality and readiness of theuse water and human consumption with the occurrence of diarrheas in smaller than 5 years that wereassisted in the Services of Health., during July to October of 1998. During the period of study, 42cases and 42 controls were identified. The factor that was associated of significant way with theprobability of making sick for diarrhea was the cloración level in smaller ranges to 0.50 mg/lts with aOdds Ratio 4.14 (IC 95% 1.62-10.60) and a etiologic fraction of 75.9%.Palabras clave: agua, calidad, disponibilidad, Nuevo León, Sabinas Hidalgo, water, quality, acces

Finding Respondents from Minority Groups

The recruitment of respondents belonging to ethnic minorities poses important challenges in social and health research. This paper reflects on the enablers and barriers to recruitment that we encountered in our research work with persons belonging to ethnic minorities. Additionally, we applied the Matching Model of Recruitment, a theoretical framework concerning minority recruitment, to guide our reflection. We also explored its applicability as a research design tool. In assessing our research experience, we learned that minority recruitment in social and health research is influenced by the social context of all key players involved in the research. Also, there are enablers and barriers within that social context facilitating or delaying the recruitment process. The main enablers to recruit respondents belonging to ethnic minorities include working with community agencies and gatekeepers who share a common vision with researchers and the latter’s ability to gain the trust of potential respondents. The main barriers include demanding too much from these same community agencies and gatekeepers and ignoring factors that could delay the completion of the research. Although we found the Matching Model of Recruitment to be an effective tool in assessing the processes of recruiting respondents belonging to ethnic minorities, further empirical research is needed to explore its usefulness during the research planning phase

Tobacco and alcohol use in adolescents with unplanned pregnancies: relation with family structure, tobacco and alcohol use at home and by friends.

Background: Recent publications show that smoking and alcohol use among adolescents with unplanned pregnancy is increasing and the causes need to be further studied. Objective: To determine the association between living in a non-intact family household and the presence of smokers and consumers of alcoholic beverages in the adolescents\u2019 environment with smoking and consuming alcoholic beverages in adolescents with unplanned pregnancies. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 785 pregnant adolescents, aged 13-19 years. Data was collected by trained interviewers using a self-administered questionnaire. The association was determined using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: In adolescents with unplanned pregnancies, the prevalence of active smoking was 21.2% and of alcohol consumption, 41.5%. The percentage of smoking at home was 57.4% and alcohol consumption, 77.5%. Approximately, 80.3% of adolescents with unplanned pregnancies had friends who smoked and 90.6% consumed alcoholic beverages. Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that having friends who smoke or who consume alcoholic beverages is the most important risk factor for substance use in adolescents with unplanned pregnancies. Smoking and alcohol consumption at home are not associated with smoking in adolescents with unplanned pregnancies. Conclusion: Socializing with friends who smoke and/or consume alcoholic beverages constitutes the most important risk factor for substance use among adolescents with unplanned pregnancies

Study of the food habits of 4- to 6-year-old children in Reynosa, Tamaulipas (Mexico)

Se estudiaron los hábitos alimentarios de niños de 4 a 6 años en Reynosa, Tamaulipas (México) para determinar el riesgo de problemas nutricionales derivados del sobrepeso y obesidad. Se estudiaron las dietas de 999 niños. La ingesta de calorías en los niños (1457,10 ± 22,30 kcal) fue significativamente mayor que en las niñas (1345,69 ± 20,58 kcal). Un comportamiento similar se observó para la mayoría de los macronutrientes. El porcentaje de niños con sobrepeso (13,9%) coincidió con el porcentaje de la población (13,1%) que consumió una cantidad de calorías mayor al 150% de la recomendación para la población mexicana, también con ingesta excesiva de carbohidratos (51,6%), proteínas (87%) y colesterol (45%). En micronutrientes, 49,1% de los niños mostraron un consumo menor al 50% de la recomendación para vitamina A, 32,3% para calcio, 23% para hierro y 17,1% para zinc. Los resultados mostraron un desequilibrio alimentario por exceso de proteínas, carbohidratos, colesterol y déficit en la ingesta de micronutrientesA study of the food intake habits of 4- to 6‐year-old children in Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico was carried out to determine the risk of nutritional problems related to being overweight and obesity. The diet of 999 children was studied. The energy intake in males (1457.10 ± 22.30 kcal) was statistically higher than the female intake (1345.69 ± 20.58 kcal). Similar behavior was observed for the majority of the macronutrients. The percentage of overweight children (13.9%) coincided with the percentage of the population who consumed greater than 150% of the calorie recommendation for adults (13.1%), with an excessive intake of carbohydrates (51.6%), proteins (87%), and cholesterol (45%). Nevertheless, the consumption was smaller than 50% of the daily-recommended intake (DRI) for vitamins in 49.1% of the children, calcium in 32.3%, iron in 23%, and zinc in the 17.1% of the population. The results suggest a food intake imbalance due to the excess of macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, and cholesterol) in combination with a deficit in micronutrient intakeS

Fat Distribution and Differential Effects on Metabolic Liver Fat Infiltration in Young Mexicans in Reynosa, Mexico: A Collaborative Study across the U.S.-Mexico Border

Introduction: Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a descriptive term for NAFLD (Non-alcoholic) physiopathology associated with obesity. The age of onset linked to body fat distribution is poorly studied. Therefore, we aimed to assess the body fat effect on liver fat infiltration and stiffness (LSt) mediated by insulin resistance (IR). Methods: After obtaining informed consent, five hundred freshmen from two universities in Reynosa, Mexico (UMAN & UAT) were enrolled in the study. They completed a questionnaire focused on familial cardiometabolic risk and provided anthropometric measurements. In a subset of N=200, we obtained blood samples for biochemical measurements, body fat percentage (BF%) by bioimpedance, LSt (kPa), and fat infiltration (Continued Attenuation Parameter, CAP) by elastography. We used mediation analysis with structural equation models (Stata v16.1) to determine the relationship between BMI, BF%, and abdominal obesity with IR and liver stiffness and fat infiltration. The term “-\u3e” means ‘explain’ or ‘cause’. Results: We found that AO-\u3eIR (standardized values b=0.53, p=0.005), AO-\u3eCAP (b=0.69, pIR (b=0.23, p=0.007). BMI did not have an effect on CAP or IR. Also, BMI-\u3eLS (b=0.47, p=0.05) but AO-\u3eLS was absent. Finally, there was a bidirectional relationship between LS and IR [LS-\u3eIR (b=0.18, p=0.001), and IR-\u3eLS (b=0.27, p=0.001)]. Conclusion: Our findings suggest the adipose tissue measured as AO or BMI showed different phenotypic effects on liver fat infiltration or stiffness. Visceral fat had a direct effect on IR, meanwhile, subcutaneous adipose tissue was associated with liver stiffness. Our findings suggest that early age interventions should be focused on reducing visceral fat deposition

Neutralizing anti-RBD fraction for SARS-CoV-2 is associated with the interaction waist circumference and sex. An ESFUERSO preliminary report on university students

In a previous study we reported that 25% of college students had a family history of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and 39% of hypertension. Interestingly, between 17 to 47% reported not knowing about T2D or hypertension, neither the existing obesity-metabolic problems (ESFUERSO study). The COVID-19 pandemic forced confinement and modifications in food intake, physical activity, and psychological stress. This study aimed to analyze if the immune Ig-G anti-RBD (protective epitope in S protein) response associated with type of vaccination, metabolic risk, perceived stress, and history of COVID-19 contacts. We included 116 students at the 3th year of follow up in the ESFUERSO cohort at Reynosa. Mean age 21.4 (SD 1.04) years old, BMI 28 (6.6), females 70% (81/116). The serum concentration of Ig-G anti-RGB measured by ELISA adjusted by sex, age, body fat percentage, and BMI was analyzed. Researchers performed a multiple regression analysis with Stata V17.0. We found that 70% of the students had a family history of diabetes, hypertension, and/or obesity at baseline. Only 5 (4%) students did not have any vaccine at the time of the study, 102 (88%) were vaccinated with Moderna or Pfizer and 9 (8%) with other vaccines (Cansino, Sinovac). The prevalence of positive anti-RBD was 91%. The body fat percentage interacted with sex (p=0.034) explaining the serum concentration of anti-RBD decreased as adiposity increases in men, but increased in women. The interaction remained is spite of type of vaccination. We found no differences among metabolic risks for food consumption, distress, uncertainty, lack of sleep, sadness, and anxiety were associated with metabolic problems. Our model predicts neutralizing anti-RBD had multiplicative interaction by sex and body fat percentage (increases in females and decreases in males), with no effects on stress score or food consumption

Patrón alimentario y evaluación nutricional de los niños preescolares de Reynosa Tamaulipas

Tesis Univ. Granada. Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología. Leída el 15 de diciembre de 200