Complicaciones en el periodo neonatal de los recién nacidos con bajo peso al nacer en el periodo comprendido entre 2008-2009

Es importante poder identificar a los recién nacidos que presenta RCIU ya que el 28,6% presentaron hipoglicemia, la cual si no es manejada adecuadamente puede presentar secuelas neurológicas a largo plazo. Como único dato estadísticamente significativo encontramos que los recién nacidos con RCIU hijos de madre con STORCH presentaron RCIU simétrico, por lo tanto se debe hacer énfasis en un adecuado control prenatal. Los recién nacidos con RCIU hijos de madre con preeclampsia tiene mayor riesgo de presentar complicaciones en el periodo neonatal. Es necesario continuar con esta línea de investigación ya que estos pacientes tienen riesgo metabólico a mediano y a largo plaz

Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Pathophysiologic and pharmacotherapeutics links

At present, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two highly prevalent disorders worldwide, especially among elderly individuals. T2DM appears to be associated with cognitive dysfunction, with a higher risk of developing neurocognitive disorders, including AD. These diseases have been observed to share various pathophysiological mechanisms, including alterations in insulin signaling, defects in glucose transporters (GLUTs), and mitochondrial dysfunctions in the brain. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms implicated in the association of these pathologies as well as recent therapeutic alternatives. In this context, the hyperphosphorylation of tau and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles have been associated with the dysfunction of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in the nervous tissues as well as the decrease in the expression of GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 in the different areas of the brain, increase in reactive oxygen species, and production of mitochondrial alterations that occur in T2DM. These findings have contributed to the implementation of overlapping pharmacological interventions based on the use of insulin and antidiabetic drugs, or, more recently, azeliragon, amylin, among others, which have shown possible beneficial effects in diabetic patients diagnosed with AD

En red-damos: Tejiendo experiencias de transformación educativa

28 páginasEste libro nace de las experiencias de docentes de diferentes niveles educativos, quienes realizan aportes a la comprensión y aplicación de diversos medios didácticos para el favorecimiento del aprendizaje en sus estudiantes. En este contexto, se busca que los principales lectores sean colegas docentes de latitudes y contextos variados, pero con similar entusiasmo por intervenir en su ejercicio pedagógico.Primera edició

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Feeding Specialization of Honey Badgers in the Sahara Desert: A Trial of Life in a Hard Environment

The honey badger (Mellivora capensis) is a medium-sized carnivore distributed throughout Africa to the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Turkmenistan, and India. However, available information on its ecology is very scarce. We studied its feeding ecology in the remote north-western Sahara Desert, based on the contents of 125 fecal samples collected during large scale surveys. Samples were confirmed to belong to honey badgers by camera trapping and genetic analyses. Barely 18 prey species were detected. The diet primarily consisted of spiny-tailed lizards Uromastyx nigriventris and U. dispar (72% of volume in scats). Secondary prey items were arthropods (14%), small mammals (8%), other reptiles (4%), and eggs (0.8%). Some small geographic and temporal di erences were related to the consumption of beetle larvae and rodents as alternative prey. Camera trapping and distance sampling surveys showed that diel activities did not overlap between honey badgers and spiny-tailed lizards, suggesting that badgers primarily dig lizards out of their burrows when inactive. Consumption of spiny lizards by other sympatric meso-carnivores was < 6.1% of occurrence (223 analyzed scats); the honey badger behaved as a trophic specialist in the Sahara, probably thanks to exclusive anatomical adaptations for digging. We discuss the role of this circumstance minimizing the exploitative competition, which could allow the survival of this large mustelid in this low productive and highly competitive environmentPeer reviewe

Reporte Técnico: principales resultados de la encuesta de percepción sobre la variabi-dad climática para la toma de decisiones en el proyecto VarClim

El presente documento describe los principales resultados de interés para la toma de decisiones interna del proyecto VarClim. Esta es una iniciativa interuniversitaria de extensión-acción, financia-da por el Consejo Nacional de Rectores de Costa Rica (CONARE). El objetivo general de VarClim es fortalecer las capacidades multidimensionales locales para una mejor toma de decisiones de desarrollo local y la adaptación a la variabilidad climática en el cantón de La Cruz, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Una de las primeras tareas de VarClim es identificar las necesidades de información climática para apoyar el desarrollo y la adaptación local a la variabilidad climática (Objetivo 1). Esta actividad se está desarrollando con la colaboración de tres poblados objetivo: Cuajiniquil, El Jobo y Santa Cecilia en el cantón La Cruz, Guanacaste. El proyecto inició oficialmente en julio de 2020 y durante su implementación existió una limitante para el trabajo presencial, por las medidas de restricción sanitaria que tomaron tanto el Ministerio de Salud, como la Universidad Nacional y la Universidad de Costa Rica. Afortunadamente, a finales de 2020 la restricción sanitaria se flexibilizó y permitió a los académicos de la Universidad Nacional desarrollar trabajo de campo presencial. Esto facilitó la preparación de una encuesta que forma parte de la metodología integrada para determinar las necesidades de información climática. Sin embargo, los académicos participantes sugirieron aprovechar el trabajo decampo para indagar sobre otros elementos de importancia para el proyecto que se dificultaron determinar por las restricciones mencionadas. De esta manera, la estructura de la encuesta fue modificada para indagar las siguientes preguntas de investigación:1. ¿Cuáles son las condiciones de acceso a internet y dispositivos para participar en reuniones virtuales? 2. ¿Cuál es la experiencia y disposición de actores claves en las comunidades para participar en un proceso de gestión del riesgo climático? 3. ¿Las necesidades de adaptación pueden ser apoyadas por la promoción de soluciones basadas en la naturaleza promovidas por la Universidad Nacional?4. ¿Cuál es la percepción local sobre el desempeño de organizaciones relacionadas con la gestión del desarrollo territorial rural? Para compartir los resultados de la encuesta se están preparando productos para tres tipos de audiencia: (i) población local;(ii) equipo VarClim; y (iii) comunidad académica. El presente documento es un reporte técnico que tiene como audiencia principal al equipo VarClim. El objetivo es pre-sentar resultados descriptivos para facilitar la discusión interna y la toma de decisiones en la gestión del proyecto. Adicionalmente, el reporte técnico puede favorecer la generación de ideas adicionales para cumplir la misión de VarClim.Consejo Nacional de Rectores de Costa Rica (CONARE)Sede Regional Choroteg

Electroacupuncture efficacy in diabetic polyneuropathy: Study protocol for a double-blinded randomized controlled multicenter clinical trial

Abstract Background Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); its diagnosis and treatment are based on symptomatic improvement. However, as pharmacological therapy causes multiple adverse effects, the implementation of acupunctural techniques, such as electroacupuncture (EA) has been suggested as an alternative treatment. Nonetheless, there is a lack of scientific evidence, and its mechanisms are still unclear. We present the design and methodology of a new clinical randomized trial, that investigates the effectiveness of EA for the treatment of DPN. Methods This study is a four-armed, randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial (20-week intervention period, plus 12 weeks of follow-up after concluding intervention). A total of 48 T2DM patients with clinical signs and symptoms of DPN; and electrophysiological signs in the Nerve Conduction Study (NCS); will be treated by acupuncture specialists in outpatient units in Mexico City. Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to one of the following four groups: (a) short fibre DPN with EA, (b) short fibre DPN with sham EA, (c) axonal DPN with EA and (d) axonal DPN with sham EA treatment. The intervention will consist of 32 sessions, 20 min each, per patient over two cycles of intervention of 8 weeks each and a mid-term rest period of 4 weeks. The primary outcome will be NCS parameters, and secondary outcomes will include DPN-related symptoms and pain by Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI), Michigan Diabetic Neuropathy Score (MDNS), Dolour Neuropatique Score (DN-4), Semmes-Westein monofilament, Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for pain assessment, and the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). To measure quality of life and improve oxidative stress, the inflammatory response; and genetic expression; will be analysed at the beginning and at the end of treatment. Discussion This study will be conducted to compare the efficacy of EA versus sham EA combined with conventional diabetic and neuropathic treatments if needed. EA may improve NCS, neuropathic pain and symptoms, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and genetic expression, and it could be considered a potential coadjutant treatment for the management of DPN with a possible remyelinating effect. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT05521737 Registered on 30 August 2022. International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) ISRCTN97391213 Registered on 26 September 2022 [2b]

Discovering HIV related information by means of association rules and machine learning

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the main health problems worldwide. It is therefore essential to keep making progress in improving the prognosis and quality of life of affected patients. One way to advance along this pathway is to uncover connections between other disorders associated with HIV/AIDS-so that they can be anticipated and possibly mitigated. We propose to achieve this by using Association Rules (ARs). They allow us to represent the dependencies between a number of diseases and other specific diseases. However, classical techniques systematically generate every AR meeting some minimal conditions on data frequency, hence generating a vast amount of uninteresting ARs, which need to be filtered out. The lack of manually annotated ARs has favored unsupervised filtering, even though they produce limited results. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised system, able to identify relevant ARs among HIV-related diseases with a minimal amount of annotated training data. Our system has been able to extract a good number of relationships between HIV-related diseases that have been previously detected in the literature but are scattered and are often little known. Furthermore, a number of plausible new relationships have shown up which deserve further investigation by qualified medical experts