Distribution patterns and feeding success of anchovy, Engraulis anchoita, larvae off southern Brazil

Feeding success and changes in horizontal patchiness relative to size were studied for anchovy, Engraulis anchoita, larvae caught with a Bongo net off southern Brazil. Results show higher feeding success rates during winter, when the combined effect of enrichment, stability and retention mechanisms seems to create optimal conditions for larval feeding. Under optimal feeding conditions larvae of more than 10 mm have higher feeding success rates than smaller size classes. With a simple body structure and low swimming capabilities, larvae of up to 10 mm show a low level of patchiness, low evasion rate of the sampling gear and feeding on small food particles only. Results corroborate the hypothesis of a critical period between two important ontogenic phases: the beginning of exogenous feeding and the onset of active swimming, gas gland buoyancy and school forming behavior.No disponibl

An ecotrophic model of southern Brazil continental shelf and fisheries scenarios for engraulis anchoita (Pisces, engraulididae)

Ecotrophic models are becoming a useful tool to understand the structure and dynamics of aquatic ecosystems affected by fisheries. In this present paper a preliminary Ecopath model was built to allow the understanding of the structure and biomass dynamics of the Rio Grande do Sul (Brazilian southernmost state) continental shelf ecosystem. Only the main groups were included to analyse their relative importance and to test some fisheries scenarios in order to observe the consequences of fishing pressure over one particular group and the detail requirements for future models. A fishing scenario for the small pelagic anchoita (Engraulis anchoita) using Ecosim, showed that this fishery would have negative impacts on the biomass of its predators and positive impacts on the competitor fish groups also exploited and on shrimps.Os modelos ecotróficos de balanço de biomassa vem sendo utilizados cada vez mais como ferramentas para melhorar o entendimento da estrutura e funcionamento dos ecossistemas afetados pela pesca. Neste sentido foi construído um modelo preliminar, para entender a estrutura e os processos da plataforma continental do Sul do Brasil. Foram incluídos apenas os principais grupos para poder observar a importância relativa de cada um deles, testar cenários de exploração pesqueira e assim avaliar as possíveis conseqüências da pressão pesqueira sobre um recurso ou grupo em particular e o tipo de detalhamento que deverão ter os modelos futuros. Um exercício de simulação mostrou que a eventual pressão pesqueira sobre o pequeno peixe pelágico anchoita (Engraulis anchoita) poderia também ter efeitos negativos na biomassa de seus predadores, mas favoreceria outros grupos de peixes competidores e camarões também explorados

Interpretação da idade e cálculo da curva de crescimento do jundiá, Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1924), do Banhado de Santa Catarina, RS

This study deals with age interpretation and the calculation of growth parameters of the “jundiá”, Rhamdia quelen (QUOY & GAIMARD, 1824) from the Santa Catarina Swamps, State os Rio Grande do Sul.Ageing was determined through reading and counting of the hyaline zones of otoliths and in vertebrae. Ageing of both structures resulted very similar. Their validity was supported by the formation of one hyaline and one opaque zone per year. There is a close relationship between zone formation, air temperature and growth of the fish.Growth curves for each sex were calculated through otoliths and vertebrae. The growth equation of von BERTALANFFY (1938) was adjusted to the length-at-agr data, using a functinal rearession (RICKER, 1973) of the FORD-WALFORD expression., in order to obtain an estimator of the asymptotic lenght (L ∞); then expression of BEVERTON (1954), provided na estimator of the catabolism coefficient (k), which allowed to calculate length-at-age values with minimum residual variances.Sex-ratio, weight / length relationship, variation of the condition fator (k), lifespan (A0,95) and annual rate of survival (S) for each sex, was also analused.O presente estudo visa à interpretação da idade e cálculo do crescimento do jundiá, Rhamdia quelen (QUOY &GAIMARD, 1824) do banhado de Santa Catarina – RS.Para obtenção da idade dos exemplares foi utilizada a contagem de zonas hialinas encontradas em otólitos e em vértebras; ambas as estruturas foram consideradas válidas, uma vez que apresentam resultados semelhantes.A formação das zonas opacas e hialinas obedece uma periodicidade anual, sendo evidente a relação existente entre a formação das zonas, a temperatura ambiente e o crescimento do peixe.As curvas de crescimento foram calculadas para machos e fêmeas, por otólitos e vértebras. Aos dados de comprimento total médio (t) e idade (I), foi ajustada a equação de von BERTALANFFY (1938), por meio da regressão funcional (RICKER, 1973) da expressão de FORD WALFORD, para conseguir um estimador do comprimento assintótico (L ꚙ); ajustando tais dados à expressão de BEVERTON (1954), obtém-se um estimador da constante de catabolismo (k), que proporcionou valores de comprimento, para cada idade, com a menor variância residual.Analisou-se também: proporção sexual, relação peso/comprimento, variação do fator k, período da vida (A0,95) e taxa anual de sobrevivência (S) para os machos e para as fêmeas da espécie.

Caracterização e comparação da abundância e diversidade de peixes recifais em diferentes enseadas da ilha do arvoredo: considerações sobre a “reserva biológica marinha (rebiomar) do arvoredo”

A characterization and comparison of the abundance and diversity of reef fish species, visually accessible, in different bays of the Arvoredo Island (27° 17’S; 48° 22’W) was carried out. As the island does not belong entirely to the MarBioRe Arvoredo, the estimates were compared between protected and not protected areas. Relative abundance data, obtained through visual census, were analyzed using univariate and multivariate techniques. Results showed small differences between different sample stations. Most abundant and frequent species at the different sampling stations were Anisotremus virginicus, Chaetodon striatus, Epinephelus marginatus, Haemulon aurolineatum, Micteroperca acutirostris, Pseudopeneus maculatus, Stegastes and Sparisoma sp. The general abundance and diversity were more influenced by the presence of a coralline algae bank present at one of the sampling stations than by the protection ensured by the reserve. However, when dealing with the equitability and the comparison of fishery and sport target fishes (e.g. Epinephelus marginatus) we observed a possible influence of the MarBioRe Arvoredo.O trabalho visa caracterizar e comparar a abundância e diversidade das espécies de peixes recifais, visualmente acessíveis, em diferentes enseadas da Ilha do Arvoredo (27° 17’S; 48° 22’W). A ilha não pertence integralmente a ReBioMar Arvoredo, portanto, as estimativas também foram comparadas entre áreas protegidas e não protegidas pela reserva. Os dados de abundância relativa, obtidos através de censos visuais, foram analisados através de técnicas univariadas e multivariadas. Os resultados mostram que não há grandes diferenças entre os diferentes pontos amostrais. Espécies como Anisotremus virginicus, Chaetodon striatus, Epinephelus marginatus, Haemulon aurolineatum, Micteroperca acutirostris, Pseudopeneus maculatus, Stegastes e Sparisoma sp. estão entre as mais abundantes e também entre as mais freqüentes na maioria das estações. A abundância geral e a diversidade foram mais influenciadas pela presença do banco de algas calcárias, existente em uma das estações, do que pela proteção assegurada pela reserva. Considerando-se a equitatividade e a comparação de espécies alvo da pesca comercial e esportiva (e.g. E. marginatus) observamos uma possível influência da ReBioMar Arvoredo

Modelos bayesianos espacio-temporales con datos múltiples de CPUE: el caso de una pesquería de lebranche

We propose a novel Bayesian hierarchical structure of state-space surplus production models that accommodate multiple catch per unit effort (CPUE) data of various fisheries exploiting the same stock. The advantage of this approach in data-limited stock assessment is the possibility of borrowing strength among different data sources to estimate reference points useful for management decisions. The model is applied to thirteen years of data from seven fisheries of the lebranche mullet (Mugil liza) southern population, distributed along the southern and southeastern shelf regions of Brazil. The results indicate that this modelling strategy is useful and has room for extensions. There are reasons for concern about the sustainability of the mullet stock, although the wide posterior credibility intervals for key reference points preclude conclusive statistical evidence at this timeProponemos una nueva estructura jerárquica bayesiana para modelos de producción excedente espacio-temporales que permite incorporar datos de captura por unidad de esfuerzo (CPUE) de diversas fuentes para varias pesquerías que explotan el mismo stock. La ventaja de este enfoque en la evaluación de stocks con datos limitados es la posibilidad de reforzar las estimaciones a partir de diferentes fuentes de datos para estimar puntos de referencia útiles para las decisiones de gestión. El modelo se aplica a trece años de datos de siete pesquerías de la población meridional de lebranche (Mugil liza), distribuidas a lo largo de las regiones sur y sudeste de Brasil. Los resultados indican que esta estrategia de modelado es útil y puede formar la base de futuras extensiones. En cuanto a la sostenibilidad del efectivo de lebranche, hay razones para preocuparse, aunque los amplios intervalos de credibilidad posterior en los puntos clave de referencia excluyen evidencia estadística concluyente en este momento

Reseñas

LANTBERT VON DEUTZ, Vita Heriberti, Maracula Heriberti, Gedichte, Liturgische Text, ed. B. VOGEL. THOMAS AQUINAS, Political Writings, trad. R. W. DYSON. G. FIORANVANTI (ed), Anonymi Quaestiones Super Octavum Librum Physicorum. D. PERLER, Théories de l’intentionnalité au moyen âge. J. PETERSOHN, Kaiserlicher Gesandter und Kurienbischof. Andreas Jamometic am Hof Papst Sixtus IV. Aufschlüsse aus neuen Quellen. M. LUTZ-BACHMANN / A. FIDORA / A. NIEDERBERGER (ed), Metaphysics in the Twelfth Century. On the Relationship among Philosophy, Science and Theologie. J. MIETHKE, Studieren am mittelalterlichen Universitäten. Chancen und Risiken. Gesammelte Aufstätze. M. LENTZ, Konflikt, Ehre, Ordnung. Untersuchungen zu den Schmähbriefen und Schandbildern des späten Mittelalters und der frühen Neuzeit. THERESE FUHRER, Augustinus, ed. M. HOSE. ANNEGRET HOLTMANN, Juden in der Grafschaft Burgund im Mittelalter. M. C. HÄRTEL, Die spätgotische Pfarr- und Stiftskirche St. Andreas in Hildesheim. B. BRUNNING / J. L. CONG QUY (comp), Mélanges offerts à T. J. Van Bavel à l’occasion de son 80e anniversaire. Augustiniana 2004. RAMON LLULL, Arte Breve. G. SCHMITZ, De presbiteris criminosis. Ein Memorandum Erzbischof Hinkmars von Reims. E. HLAWITSCHKA, Konradiner-Genealogie, unstatthafte Verwandtenehen und spätottonisch-frühsalische Thronbesetzungspraxis. S. WEISS, Rechnungswesen und Buchhaltung des Avignoneser papsttums (1316-1378). Eine Quellenkunde. M. M. TISCHLER, Einharts Vita Karoli. Studien zur Entstehung, Überlieferung und Rezeption. H. HOPING, Einführung in die Christologie. K. KREMER, Praegustatio naturalis sapientiae. Gott suchen mit Nikolaus von Kues. M. KAUFHOLD (ed), Politische Reflexion in der Welt des späten Mittelalters. M. LUTZ-BACHMANN / A. FIDORA (eds), Juden, Christen und Muslime. Religions Dialogue im Mittelalter. O. LANGER, Christliche Mystik im Mittelalter. Mystik und Rationalisierung

Impact of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the outcome of neurosurgical patients: A nationwide study in Spain

Objective To assess the effect of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the outcome of neurosurgical patients in Spain. Settings The initial flood of COVID-19 patients overwhelmed an unprepared healthcare system. Different measures were taken to deal with this overburden. The effect of these measures on neurosurgical patients, as well as the effect of COVID-19 itself, has not been thoroughly studied. Participants This was a multicentre, nationwide, observational retrospective study of patients who underwent any neurosurgical operation from March to July 2020. Interventions An exploratory factorial analysis was performed to select the most relevant variables of the sample. Primary and secondary outcome measures Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of mortality and postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results Sixteen hospitals registered 1677 operated patients. The overall mortality was 6.4%, and 2.9% (44 patients) suffered a perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of those infections, 24 were diagnosed postoperatively. Age (OR 1.05), perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 4.7), community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) (OR 1.006), postoperative neurological worsening (OR 5.9), postoperative need for airway support (OR 5.38), ASA grade =3 (OR 2.5) and preoperative GCS 3-8 (OR 2.82) were independently associated with mortality. For SARS-CoV-2 postoperative infection, screening swab test <72 hours preoperatively (OR 0.76), community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) (OR 1.011), preoperative cognitive impairment (OR 2.784), postoperative sepsis (OR 3.807) and an absence of postoperative complications (OR 0.188) were independently associated. Conclusions Perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in neurosurgical patients was associated with an increase in mortality by almost fivefold. Community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) was a statistically independent predictor of mortality. Trial registration number CEIM 20/217

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good