Allelopathic effect of sugar cane straw (Saccharum spp. hybrid) on the arvensis Achyranthes aspera, var. Indica L., under controlled conditions

Introduction: Allelopathic properties of cane straw are reported, however, information on the effect on some weed species is incomplete Objective: To evaluate the allelopathic effect of sugarcane straw (Saccharum spp. Hybrid) on germination and initial growth of weed (Achyranthes aspera var. Indica L.) under controlled conditions. Methodology: An experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design with six treatments including a control, and five ratios of straw 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125%, with four repetitions. The doses used corresponded to the proportion of dry straw biomass / m2 in a cane field. Weed seeds were placed at a depth of 1.0 cm, and germination, dry mass, stem length and radicle length were evaluated.   Results: It was evidenced that germination was influenced at 10 days by the different treatments, as well as the dry mass, the length of the stem and the length of the radicle at 7 and 10 days after starting the experiment.   Conclusions: The results of the study indicate that the sugarcane straw exerts a negative allelopathic effect on the germination and initial growth of Achyranthes aspera, being the 75% dose the one with the best results.Introduction: Allelopathic properties of cane straw are reported, however, information on the effect on some weed species is incomplete Objective: To evaluate the allelopathic effect of sugarcane straw (Saccharum spp. Hybrid) on germination and initial growth of weed (Achyranthes aspera var. Indica L.) under controlled conditions. Methodology: An experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design with six treatments including a control, and five ratios of straw 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125%, with four repetitions. The doses used corresponded to the proportion of dry straw biomass / m2 in a cane field. Weed seeds were placed at a depth of 1.0 cm, and germination, dry mass, stem length and radicle length were evaluated.   Results: It was evidenced that germination was influenced at 10 days by the different treatments, as well as the dry mass, the length of the stem and the length of the radicle at 7 and 10 days after starting the experiment.   Conclusions: The results of the study indicate that the sugarcane straw exerts a negative allelopathic effect on the germination and initial growth of Achyranthes aspera, being the 75% dose the one with the best results

Predatory mite species of the family Phytoseiidae, Acari, Mesostigmata, used in biological control of agricultural pests in Colombia

Introduction: The control of insects and mites' pests becomes a recurring theme in crops, which are fought using chemical products and often without the expected effectiveness. Methodology: A bibliographic search of the publications on predatory mites in Colombia was carried out in indexed journals from 2010 to 2020 in order to assess the topics addressed. In addition, the species of predatory mites reported in Colombia since the 1970s were investigated.   Results: In the last decade, eight publications were obtained in Colombia on predatory mites that record the presence or use of Phytoseiulus persimilis, Neoseiulus anonymus, Neoseiulus californicus, Iphiseiodes zuluagai, Amblyseius herbicolus, Amblyseius sp., Gaeolaelaps aculeifer and Euseius concordis  in various crops of economic importance such as citrus, guava, mango, yucca, cotton, sugar cane, ornamentals and others, with a wide geographic dispersion.   Conclusions: Scientific publications on predatory mites are not abundant in the last decade in Colombia, however, it is corroborated that there are reported a wide diversity of Ambliseus species and other genera of the Phytoseidae family and that the use in the productive practice of these do not correspond to the research results.Introduction: The control of insects and mites' pests becomes a recurring theme in crops, which are fought using chemical products and often without the expected effectiveness. Methodology: A bibliographic search of the publications on predatory mites in Colombia was carried out in indexed journals from 2010 to 2020 in order to assess the topics addressed. In addition, the species of predatory mites reported in Colombia since the 1970s were investigated.   Results: In the last decade, eight publications were obtained in Colombia on predatory mites that record the presence or use of Phytoseiulus persimilis, Neoseiulus anonymus, Neoseiulus californicus, Iphiseiodes zuluagai, Amblyseius herbicolus, Amblyseius sp., Gaeolaelaps aculeifer and Euseius concordis  in various crops of economic importance such as citrus, guava, mango, yucca, cotton, sugar cane, ornamentals and others, with a wide geographic dispersion.   Conclusions: Scientific publications on predatory mites are not abundant in the last decade in Colombia, however, it is corroborated that there are reported a wide diversity of Ambliseus species and other genera of the Phytoseidae family and that the use in the productive practice of these do not correspond to the research results.

Diversidad de la flora arvense presente en parcelas de pequeños agricultores, previstas para policultivos en cinco municipios de Boyacá

 Abstract Introduction- The most critical impact of weeds is the negative effect on cultivated plants exerted through competition for limited resources and allelopathies. Studies have demonstrated the dominance of weeds in crops and have established ecological methods for good integrated management.     Objective-. To characterize the diversity of weed species in 60 smallholder farms in five municipalities of Boyacá, planned for polycultures. Methodology-. The research was carried out in 60 farms in five municipalities of the Department: Aquitania, Belén, Garagoa, Panqueba and Soatá, in each one two plots of 0.5 ha were sampled where the weeds present were determined in two frames of 1m2.   Results-. The presence of 109 species of weeds located in 93 genera and 38 botanical families was observed, being the most representative Poaceae with 18 species, Asteraceae with 15 species and Fabaceae with 9. The families Amarantaceae Apiaceae, Lamiaceae, Oxalidaceae, Poligonaceae and Solanaceae were represented by 4 species. The farms were grouped into 3 or 4 groups in each municipality according to the biodiversity indicators of the weeds, while the municipalities formed three groups.  Conclusions- From the point of view of their agricultural importance, the species most frequently present in the municipalities were: P. clandestinum, Sonchus oleraceus L, Trifolium repens and Rumex crispus. In general, species richness at the farm level was low, equity medium and dominance high, while at the municipal level were observed high species richness, medium indicators of diversity and equity and low dominanceIntroducción- El impacto más crítico de las arvenses es el efecto negativo sobre las plantas cultivadas ejercido a través de la competencia por recursos limitados y las alelopatías. Objetivo-. Caracterizar la diversidad de especies de arvenses en 60 fincas de pequeños agricultores de cinco municipios de Boyacá previstos para policultivos. Metodología-. La investigación se desarrolló en 60 fincas de cinco municipios del Departamento: Aquitania, Belén, Garagoa, Panqueba y Soatá, en cada una se muestrearon dos parcelas de 0,5 ha donde se determinó en dos marcos de 1m2 las arvenses presentes. Resultados-. Se observó la presencia de 109 especies de arvenses ubicadas en 93 géneros y en 38 familias botánicas, siendo las más representativas Poaceae con 18 especies, Asteraceae con 15 especies y Fabaceae con 9. Las familias Amarantaceae Apiaceae, Lamiaceae, Oxalidaceae, Poligonaceae y Solanaceae estuvieron representadas por 4 especies. Las fincas se agruparon en 3 o 4 grupos en cada municipio de acuerdo a los indicadores de biodiversidad de las arvenses, mientras que los municipios formaron tres grupos.  Conclusiones- Desde el punto de vista de su importancia agrícola las especies que con más frecuencia estuvieron presentes en los municipios fueron:  P. clandestinum, Sonchus oleraceus, Trifolium repens y Rumex crispus. En general la riqueza de especies a nivel de finca fue baja, la equidad media y la dominancia alta, mientras que a nivel municipal se apreció una alta riqueza de especies, indicadores medios de diversidad y equidad, y baja dominancia

Caracterización agroquímica del suelo de 15 fincas con proyección hacia la transformación agroecológica, en el municipio Santa María, Boyacá

Contextualization: Advance knowledge of soil quality is of great importance in deciding the implementation of crops and the elaboration of fertilization plans. Knowledge gap: The study contributed to the acquisition of knowledge on the condition and quality of soil physicochemical parameters, as a preliminary step to designing new agricultural practices, where farmers did not have the respective soil analysis, unaware that they can have a heterogeneous composition, even at relatively short distances. Purpose: The objective was to characterize agrochemically the soils in 15 farms in the municipality of Santa María, to know their natural fertility, where 3 agroecological models will be implemented under the framework of the project "Strategic agroecological development for the strengthening of the productive sector in the Department of Boyacá". Methodology: The samples were collected in June 2019, after processing in the laboratory, the following results were obtained: pH (potentiometric method in water or in NaF), exchangeable acidity (KCl 1N), Al exchangeable, texture (Bouyucos), CO (Walkley Black %p/v) P (Bray II), S (extraction with Ca(HPO4), interchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, K, Na), cation exchange capacity, minor elements (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, by the modified Olsen method), electrical conductivity, N available by laboratory protocols in the form of nitrate and exchangeable ammonium (KCl), ionic relationships in soil (Ca/Mg, Ca+Mg/K, Ca/K, Mg/K). Results and conclusions: The results obtained in the soil analysis show significant deficiencies in the primary macroelements N, P, K and Ca, however, evidence that the soils have good cation exchange capacity that favors the retention and exchange of nutrients for the plants. Therefore, it is concluded that the soils of the farms under study are suitable for the implementation of agroecological models despite the deficiencies presented by the agrochemical elements, which should be adjusted in the fertilization plans to fill these deficiencies based on the requirements of each crop, by applying organic amendments, phosphoric rocks, calcareous, among others.Contextualización: el conocimiento anticipado de la calidad de los suelos no cultivados previamente es de gran importancia para decidir la implementación de los cultivos y la elaboración de los planes de fertilización.  Vacío de conocimiento: el estudio contribuyó a la adquisición de conocimiento sobre la condición y calidad de los parámetros fisicoquímicos de los suelos, como paso previo para diseñar prácticas agrícolas nuevas, donde los agricultores no contaban con los respectivos análisis del suelo y desconocían que estos pueden presentar una composición heterogénea, incluso a distancias relativamente cortas. Propósito del estudio: el objetivo fue caracterizar agroquímicamente los suelos en 15 fincas del municipio de Santa María para conocer su fertilidad natural.  Allí se implementarán 3 modelos agroecológicos en el marco del proyecto “Desarrollo estratégico agroecológico para el fortalecimiento del sector productivo en el Departamento de Boyacá”.  Metodología: las muestras se recolectaron en el mes de junio de 2019, una vez realizado su procesamiento en el laboratorio se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: pH (método potenciométrico en agua o en NaF), acidez intercambiable (KCl 1N), Al intercambiable, textura (Bouyucos), CO (Walkley Black %p/v) P (Bray II), S (extracción con Ca(HPO4), bases intercambiables (Ca, Mg, K, Na), capacidad de intercambio catiónico, elementos menores (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, por el método de Olsen modificado), conductividad eléctrica, N disponible por los protocolos establecidos en el laboratorio en forma de nitrato y amonio intercambiable (KCl), relaciones iónicas en el suelo (Ca/Mg, Ca+Mg/K, Ca/K, Mg/K).  Resultados y conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos en el análisis de los suelos muestran deficiencias significativas en cuanto a los macroelementos primarios N, P, K y Ca; sin embargo, evidencian que los suelos cuentan con buena capacidad de intercambio catiónico, lo que favorece la retención e intercambio de nutrientes para las plantas. Por lo tanto, se concluye que los suelos de las fincas estudiadas son adecuados para la implementación de los modelos agroecológicos, a pesar de las deficiencias presentadas por los elementos agroquímicos.  Estas evidencias deberán tenerse en cuenta en los planes de fertilización para suplir estas deficiencias, con base en los requerimientos de cada cultivo. Esto se puede conseguir mediante la aplicación de enmiendas orgánicas, rocas fosfóricas, calcáreas, entre otras.

Edaphic mesofauna, some studies done: a review.

Abstract Introduction: The soil is a complex ecosystem considered the one inhabits where a number of organisms, microorganisms, minerals, organic matter, water and air live, physical, chemical and biological activities take place in it. Objective: To analyze updated information on research that addresses the role of the mesofauna in relation to soil quality. Methodology: Documentary sources were used to search the bibliographic documents. A bibliographic search was carried out until September 2021 based on: writing scientific articles and books, making an analytical and critical reading of the information on edaphic fauna with an emphasis on the last decade. The information was taken from the internet using the search engine "academic Google", Dialnet and the Wiley Online Library. Results: oribatid mites and collembola are the most abundant arthropods and with the highest specific diversity in the soil, they are diverse groups, biological indicators of soil quality, it is favored by agroecological practices such as coverage and it is affected by the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals. Conclusions: the mesofauna is favored by agroecological practices such as the association of crops, plant covers and the incorporation of crop residues, use of organic inputs such as compost, implementation of easily degradable plants, zero tillage, bare soils. And it is mainly affected by the exploitation of a single plant species with high applications of agrochemicals, climatic changes, anthropic disturbances of the edaphic environment, changes in land use, soils without cover and mechanized soil preparation. Keywords: Litter; decomposition; bioindicators; soil biology; organic material.Introduction: The soil is a complex ecosystem considered the one inhabits where a number of organisms, microorganisms, minerals, organic matter, water and air live, physical, chemical and biological activities take place in it. Objective: To analyze updated information on research that addresses the role of the mesofauna in relation to soil quality. Methodology: Documentary sources were used to search the bibliographic documents. A bibliographic search was carried out until September 2021 based on: writing scientific articles and books, making an analytical and critical reading of the information on edaphic fauna with an emphasis on the last decade. The information was taken from the internet using the search engine "academic Google", Dialnet and the Wiley Online Library. Results: oribatid mites and collembola are the most abundant arthropods and with the highest specific diversity in the soil, they are diverse groups, biological indicators of soil quality, it is favored by agroecological practices such as coverage and it is affected by the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals. Conclusions: the mesofauna is favored by agroecological practices such as the association of crops, plant covers and the incorporation of crop residues, use of organic inputs such as compost, implementation of easily degradable plants, zero tillage, bare soils. And it is mainly affected by the exploitation of a single plant species with high applications of agrochemicals, climatic changes, anthropic disturbances of the edaphic environment, changes in land use, soils without cover and mechanized soil preparation.

Possibilities of the Alternative Management of Mollusk Pests in Agricultural Crops. A Review.

Introduction: Mollusks are important pests of agricultural crops, for which chemical mosquitoes are used in many cases that pollute the environment and crops. Objective: To assess updated information on alternatives for the management of species of mollusk pests in agricultural crops in Colombia and in the world. Methodology: A descriptive documentary research was carried out where the units of analysis were the articles collected in a bibliographic search on information related to the pest mollusk species and alternative control methods during the period 2010 to 2021 Results: From the last decade articles were obtained on alternatives for the control of mollusk pests in all continents. From Colombia only 7 articles, of which 3 correspond to the use of diatomaceous earth, 3 to vegetable extracts and 1 to agroecological management, while, at the international level of the 54 articles located, 21 were related to vegetable extracts, 17 biological control, 6 with essential oils, 5 with barriers, 3 with agroecological management and 2 with biopesticides. Conclusions: Alternatives with the use of plant extracts predominated, followed by biological means such as insects, nematodes, microorganisms and others, natural products such as lime and diatomaceous earth, as well as different materials such as repellents or barriers, depending the type of recommended alternative, on the mollusk species and its size, the phytogenetic resources present and the reported bioregulators, which should be taken into account in Colombia.Introducción: Los moluscos constituyen importantes plagas de los cultivos agrícolas, para las cuales se emplean en muchos casos mosquicidas químicos que contaminan el medio ambiente y las cosechas. Objetivo: Valorar información actualizada sobre las alternativas para el manejo de especies de moluscos plagas en cultivos agrícolas en Colombia y en el mundo. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación documental descriptiva donde las unidades de análisis fueron los artículos recopilados en una búsqueda bibliográfica sobre información relacionada con las especies de moluscos plagas y los métodos de control alternativo durante el periodo de 2010 a 2021 Resultados: De la última década se consiguieron artículos sobre alternativas para el control de moluscos plagas en todos los continentes. De Colombia solo 7 artículos, de los cuales 3 corresponden al empleo de tierra de diatomeas, 3 a extractos de vegetales y 1 a manejo agroecológico, mientras que, a nivel internacional de los 54 artículos localizados, 21 estuvieron relacionados a los extractos vegetales, 17 a control biológico, 6 de aceites esenciales, 5 con barreras, 3 con manejo agroecológico y 2 con bioplaguicidas. Conclusiones: Predominaron las alternativas con el empleo de extractos vegetales, seguidas por los medios biológicos como insectos, nematodos, microorganismos y otros, productos naturales como la cal y la tierra de diatomeas, así como diferentes materiales como repelentes o barreras, dependiendo el tipo de alternativa recomendada en gran medida, de la especie de molusco y su tamaño, de los recursos fitogenéticos presentes y de los biooreguladores reportados, lo cual debe tenerse en cuenta en Colombia

Efecto bioestimulante de Trichoderma harzianum Rifai en posturas de Leucaena, Cedro y Samán

The present article aims to evaluate the biostimulating effect of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai in the seedling production of  Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) (leucaena), Cedrela odorata L., and Pithecellobium saman (Jacq.) Merr. An experiment for each specie was carried out under nursery conditions. A totally randomized design was used with four parcels by treatment. The treatments were: Trichoderma harzianum to reason of 20 g.L-1 and to 40 g.L-1, and a control. The germination percentage was evaluated, and the morphometric variables diameter of the shaft, height and dry matter of the root and the air part of the plant. The treatments with Trichoderma didn't increase the germination percentage in cedar, saman and leucaena. T. harzianum increased the height, the number of leaves and the dry biomass of the foliar area in the cedar seedlings, while in leucaena and saman only it incremented the basal diameter of the seedlings.El presente artículo evaluó el efecto bioestimulante de Trichoderma harzianum Rifai en la producción de postura de Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) de Wit., Cedrela odorata L. y Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr. Se desarrollaron tres experimentos en condiciones de vivero, uno para cada especie. Se empleó un diseño completamente aleatorio con cuatro parcelas por tratamiento. En cada experimento los tratamientos fueron: Trichoderma harzianum a razón de 20 g.L-1, 40 g.L-1 y un testigo. Se evaluó el porcentaje de germinación y las variables morfométricas diámetro y altura del tallo, así como biomasa seca en raíz y parte aérea de la planta. Los tratamientos con Trichoderma no incrementaron el porcentaje de germinación en cedro, samán y leucaena. T. harzianum incrementó la altura, el número de hojas y la biomasa seca del área foliar en las plántulas de cedro, mientras que en leucaena y samán solo provocó incrementos del diámetro basal de las plántulas

Eficacia de la tierra de diatomeas y la cal sobre ariónidos y agriolimácidos

The aim of this research is to evaluate the effectof d iatomaceous earth (DE) and lime on Arion distinctus under laboratory conditions and on arionids and agriolimacids in the field. Dusting and spraying treatments were carried out to evaluate in the laboratory the effect by ingestion and by contact on the mobility and mortality of the specimens.In the laboratory, three doses of diatomaceous earth (1, 2 and 4 kg/ha), one of agricultural lime (2 kg/ha), and one control were used; and in the field, only the spraying method was evaluated with the same number of variants, but in all cases, doses were doubled. A random block design was used in a 5 x 4 arrangement, and the evaluation was carried out through the trap method, and 20 refuge traps per treatments were placed. Slug populations and the efficiency were established three and seven days after the applications. Tukey’s mean comparison test was used for the populations in thetreated plots and in the control. A higher effect was obtained by contact compared to ingestion. In both field and laboratory applications, the highest mortalities were observed after seven days, without significant differences between diatomaceou searth and lime. The results obtained show that DE is useful in the control of these mollusk species, and better results are obtained with two applications.El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar el efecto de la tierra de diatomeas (TD) y la calsobre Arion distinctus en condiciones de laboratorio, y sobre ariónidos y agriolimácidos en campo. Se realizaron tratamientos por espolvoreo y aspersión para evaluar su efecto por ingestión y contacto en el laboratorio, y se registró la movilidad y la mortalidad de los ejemplares. En laboratorio se emplearon tres dosis de tierra de diatomeas: 1, 2 y 4 kg/ha, una de cal agrícola a 2 kg/ha, y un testigo; en campo solo se evaluó el método por aspersión con la misma cantidad de variantes, pero en todos los casos se duplicaron las dosis. Se utilizó un diseño de bloque azar en arreglo 5 × 4 y la evaluación se llevó a cabo a través del método de trampas; para ello, se colocaron 20 trampas de refugio por tratamientos. Se determinaron las poblaciones de babosas y la eficacia a los tres y siete días después las aplicaciones. Se aplicó una prueba de comparación de medias de Tukey para las poblaciones en las parcelas tratadas y el testigo. Se obtuvo mayor efecto por contacto que de ingestión. Tanto en las aplicaciones en campo como en laboratorio, las mayores mortalidades se observaron a los siete días, sin diferencias significativas entre la TD y la cal. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la TD es útil en el control de estas especies de moluscos y su resultado es mejor con dos aplicaciones

Possibilities of the Alternative Management of Mollusk Pests in Agricultural Crops. A Review.

Introduction: Mollusks are important pests of agricultural crops, for which chemical mosquitoes are used in many cases that pollute the environment and crops. Objective: To assess updated information on alternatives for the management of species of mollusk pests in agricultural crops in Colombia and in the world. Methodology: A descriptive documentary research was carried out where the units of analysis were the articles collected in a bibliographic search on information related to the pest mollusk species and alternative control methods during the period 2010 to 2021 Results: From the last decade articles were obtained on alternatives for the control of mollusk pests in all continents. From Colombia only 7 articles, of which 3 correspond to the use of diatomaceous earth, 3 to vegetable extracts and 1 to agroecological management, while, at the international level of the 54 articles located, 21 were related to vegetable extracts, 17 biological control, 6 with essential oils, 5 with barriers, 3 with agroecological management and 2 with biopesticides. Conclusions: Alternatives with the use of plant extracts predominated, followed by biological means such as insects, nematodes, microorganisms and others, natural products such as lime and diatomaceous earth, as well as different materials such as repellents or barriers, depending the type of recommended alternative, on the mollusk species and its size, the phytogenetic resources present and the reported bioregulators, which should be taken into account in Colombia.Introducción: Los moluscos constituyen importantes plagas de los cultivos agrícolas, para las cuales se emplean en muchos casos mosquicidas químicos que contaminan el medio ambiente y las cosechas. Objetivo: Valorar información actualizada sobre las alternativas para el manejo de especies de moluscos plagas en cultivos agrícolas en Colombia y en el mundo. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación documental descriptiva donde las unidades de análisis fueron los artículos recopilados en una búsqueda bibliográfica sobre información relacionada con las especies de moluscos plagas y los métodos de control alternativo durante el periodo de 2010 a 2021 Resultados: De la última década se consiguieron artículos sobre alternativas para el control de moluscos plagas en todos los continentes. De Colombia solo 7 artículos, de los cuales 3 corresponden al empleo de tierra de diatomeas, 3 a extractos de vegetales y 1 a manejo agroecológico, mientras que, a nivel internacional de los 54 artículos localizados, 21 estuvieron relacionados a los extractos vegetales, 17 a control biológico, 6 de aceites esenciales, 5 con barreras, 3 con manejo agroecológico y 2 con bioplaguicidas. Conclusiones: Predominaron las alternativas con el empleo de extractos vegetales, seguidas por los medios biológicos como insectos, nematodos, microorganismos y otros, productos naturales como la cal y la tierra de diatomeas, así como diferentes materiales como repelentes o barreras, dependiendo el tipo de alternativa recomendada en gran medida, de la especie de molusco y su tamaño, de los recursos fitogenéticos presentes y de los biooreguladores reportados, lo cual debe tenerse en cuenta en Colombia

Marchitez por Fusarium oxysporum Schlthl en masaguaro (Pseudosamanea guachapele) (Kunth).

Wilting by Fusarium oxysporum Schlthl in masaguaro (Pseudosamanea guachapele) (Kunth).Introducción: El masaguaro (Pseudomanea Guachapele) fue utilizado en la reforestación por la ”Fundación Orinoquia Biodiversa” en Arauca y presentó un marchitamiento desconocido.Objetivo. Caracterizar la enfermedad y su agente causal, y evaluar el posible control químico y biológico de la enfermedad.Metodología: La investigación se realizó en el barrio Campo Alegre Arauquita, Arauca, Colombia. Las muestras se analizaron en el laboratorio de microbiología de la Universidad de Pamplona. Se caracterizó la enfermedad y su agente causal, se determinó la incidencia y severidad de la enfermedad y se estimaron las pérdidas monetarias considerando las plantas muertas. Se realizó un experimento de control de marchitez utilizando benomyl y Bacillus subtilis, comparándolos con un control sin tratamiento. Resultados: Fusarium oxysporum fue identificado como agente causal de la enfermedad. El marchitamiento alcanzó entre el 13 y el 54% de incidencia. Las pérdidas económicas se estimaron en más de 19 millones de pesos / ha. Conclusión: Se verificó la acción preventiva y erradicativa de benomyl y solo acción preventiva de B. subtilis