On the transition from reconsolidation to extinction of contextual fear memories

In this thesis we present three main studies, two regarding the transition of reconsolidation to extinction of contextual fear memories (Chapters II and III), and one on the mechanisms of reconsolidation under the synaptic tagging and capture (STC) perspective (Chapter IV). On the transition of reconsolidation to extinction, we observed a “null point” period between the parameters that induce reconsolidation and extinction of contextual fear memories, at which memory was insensitive to disruption by the amnesic agent MK-801, and some evidence for underlying STC mechanisms in the process of memory destabilization and reconsolidation. These findings reinforce and expand the hypothesis of a three-phase transition between reconsolidation and extinction of episodic-like memories and bring new insights on the different ways memory might be affected by reactivation and the mechanistic process involve

A dança urbana ou sobre a resiliência do espírito da dança

O artigo propõe uma leitura crítica do fenômeno usualmente denominado “dança urbana”, já característico e difundido em cidades da Europa e outras partes do mundo. A dança contemporânea, cada vez mais frequentemente, sai dos teatros e penetra no tecido urbano, confrontando-se com a ordem arquitetônica e com um público casual e distraído, encontrado nos lugares do viver cotidiano onde a comunicação impõe aos corpos dançantes modos distanciados de intervenção. Trata-se de uma nova pesquisa artística e identitária para a dança ou de uma nova estratégia de sobrevivência

Il carcinoma colo-rettale nel giovane. Fattori prognostici

Colorectal carcinoma is the third most frequently diagnosed malignant neoplasm. Usually patients affected by this neoplasia belong to VI decade of life. However approximately 2-8% of tumors arise in patients with age under 40 years. Aim of the study was to analyse the results of surgical treatment of colorectal cancer in patiets aged under forty. From January 1987 to December 2002, 46 patients under forty years with colorectal cancer underwent surgical procedure. No perioperative mortality was registered, and complicantions were evidenced in nine patients (20%). Actuarial five years survival was 33%, and overall mean survival was 53 months. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified as prognostic factors the tumor grade, Dukes' stage, nodal status, and length of symptom

TRAJETÓRIAS DE EDUCADORES AMBIENTAIS

A Educação Ambiental é um campo teórico ainda em construção, cabendo ao sujeito Educador Ambiental pensá-la e fazê-la. Apresentar e discutir um pouco de como pensam e fazem, e por que fazem, ou seja, “revelar” o universo daqueles que trabalham com Educação Ambiental é o objetivo deste artigo. Para tal, empreendemos esforços em “descobrir” a trajetória de educadores ambientais através de suas histórias e da (re)construção dos caminhos por eles percorridos, para assim revelar os condicionantes de suas escolhas, identificar suas atividades em Educação Ambiental e compartilhar suas realizações, dificuldades e expectativas. Foram quatorze entrevistas com educadores ambientais que atuam na cidade de Botucatu-SP, Brasil analisadas sob a perspectiva da Educação Ambiental Crítica. Os resultados demonstram que o Educador Ambiental é, de certa forma, indefinível, a não ser em caráter provisório; possui concepções construídas em sua trajetória de vida, desde a infância, onde faz a primeira leitura do mundo, até o trabalho propriamente dito com educação ambiental; age, em alguns momentos, norteado por princípios teórico-metodológicos, em outros de acordo com suas vontades e convicções, em outros, cerceado enquanto ser crítico, não consegue agir conforme sua concepção; são múltiplos os caminhos de entrada para a Educação Ambiental, assim como o seu que-fazer; as concepções de educação ambiental também são múltiplas e em algum momento de suas trajetórias, esses educadores escolhem um lugar na educação ambiental para “habitar”, ou ainda, para arriscarem, tolhidos pelos paradigmas da sociedade moderna

Implementation of hand hygiene in health-care facilities: results from the WHO Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework global survey 2019

Background Hand hygiene is at the core of effective infection prevention and control (IPC) programmes. 10 years after the development of the WHO Multimodal Hand Hygiene Improvement Strategy, we aimed to ascertain the level of hand hygiene implementation and its drivers in health-care facilities through a global WHO survey. Methods From Jan 16 to Dec 31, 2019, IPC professionals were invited through email and campaigns to complete the online Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework (HHSAF). A geospatial clustering algorithm selected unique health-care facilities responses and post-stratification weighting was applied to improve representativeness. Weighted median HHSAF scores and IQR were reported. Drivers of the HHSAF score were determined through a generalised estimation equation. Findings 3206 unique responses from 90 countries (46% WHO Member States) were included. The HHSAF score indicated an intermediate hand hygiene implementation level (350 points, IQR 248–430), which was positively associated with country income level and health-care facility funding structure. System Change had the highest score (85 points, IQR 55–100), whereby alcohol-based hand rub at the point of care has become standard practice in many health-care facilities, especially in high-income countries. Institutional Safety Climate had the lowest score (55 points, IQR 35–75). From 2015 to 2019, the median HHSAF score in health-care facilities participating in both HHSAF surveys (n=190) stagnated. Interpretation Most health-care facilities had an intermediate level of hand hygiene implementation or higher, for which health-care facility funding and country income level were important drivers. Availability of resources, leadership, and organisational support are key elements to further improve quality of care and provide access to safe care for all.Peer Reviewe

Lipase-producing fungi for potential wastewater treatment and bioenergy production

The use of fungal biomass as a lipase biocatalyst represents an attractive approach for the treatments of oil wastewater as well as for the production of biodiesel from oil and residual grease, due to its greater  stability, possibility of reuse, and lower cost. In this work, 20 filamentous fungi were isolated from the grease trap scum of a restaurant at the Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The fungi included those belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Beauveria, Botrytis, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Penicillium, Rhizomucor, and Verticillium. Fungal lipase activity and biomass production were quantified. Lipase activity ranged from 0.13 U mg-1 protein of Rhizomucor sp. ECGF18 to 18.06 U mg-1 protein of Penicillium sp. ECGF02, and the biomass production ranged from 7.61 mg mL-1 for  Cladosporium sp. ECGF19 to 12.68 mg mL-1 for Rhizomucor sp. ECGF18. In the sequence, Penicillium sp. ECGF02 and Rhizomucor sp. ECGF18, were previously select and, further evaluated in solid-state fermentation. Results confirmed the high extracellular lipase-activity of Penicillium sp.ECG02 and the high intracellular lipase activity of Rhizomucor sp. ECG18. Rhizomucor sp. ECG18 showed potential for use in future research, in the form of whole-cell lipases, wastewater treatment, and as a biocatalyst in the production of biodiesel from oil residues.Key words: Lipase-producing fungi, wastewater treatment, bioenergy

Genetic diversity of indigenous common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) rhizobia from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

We characterized indigenous common bean rhizobia from five districts of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The isolates were trapped by two common bean varieties, the Mineiro Precoce (Andean origin) and Ouro Negro (Mesoamerican origin). Analysis by BOX-P CR of selected isolates detected a high level of genetic diversity

Effect of pediatric influenza vaccination on antibiotic resistance in England and Wales

Vaccines against viral infections have been proposed to reduce prescribing of antibiotics and thereby help control resistant bacterial infections. However, by combining published data sources, we predict that pediatric live attenuated influenza vaccination in England and Wales will not substantially reduce antibiotic consumption or adverse health outcomes associated with antibiotic resistance