Interoception and Autonomic Correlates during Social Interactions. Implications for Anorexia

The aim of this study is to investigate the bodily-self in Restrictive Anorexia, focusing on two basic aspects related to the bodily self: autonomic strategies in social behavior, in which others’ social desirability features, and social cues (e.g., gaze) are modulated, and interoception (i.e., the sensitivity to stimuli originating inside the body). Furthermore, since previous studies carried out on healthy individuals found that interoception seems to contribute to the autonomic regulation of social behavior, as measured by Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA), we aimed to explore this link in anorexia patients, whose ability to perceive their bodily signal seems to be impaired. To this purpose, we compared a group of anorexia patients (ANg; restrictive type) with a group of Healthy Controls (HCg) for RSA responses during both a resting state and a social proxemics task, for their explicit judgments of comfort in social distances during a behavioral proxemics task, and for their Interoceptive Accuracy (IA). The results showed that ANg displayed significantly lower social disposition and a flattened autonomic reactivity during the proxemics task, irrespective of the presence of others’ socially desirable features or social cues. Moreover, unlike HCg, the autonomic arousal of ANg did not guide behavioral judgments of social distances. Finally, IA was strictly related to social disposition in both groups, but with opposite trends in ANg. We conclude that autonomic imbalance and its altered relationship with interoception might have a crucial role in anorexia disturbances

Efeito do tráfego agrícola na produtividade da cultura de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) nos espaçamentos 1,4 e 1,5m

Na última década, o setor sucroenergético brasileiro vem intensificando a mecanização de plantio e, principalmente, da colheita. Essa evolução tecnológica fez com que o setor questionasse o espaçamento de plantio adotado em função do aumento da compactação do solo e a diminuição da longevidade do canavial. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do tráfego de máquinas agrícolas na produtividade de três cultivares de cana-de-açúcar em dois espaçamentos de plantio. O experimento de campo foi conduzido durante quatro safras (2008 à 2012 ) na usina Santa Cândida, localizada no município de Bocaina - SP. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos seguindo o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, sendo dois espaçamentos de plantio e três cultivares de cana-de-açúcar. Durante as quatro safras avaliou-se os parâmetros de produtividade (toneladas de colmos e Pol por hectare) e tecnológicos (Pol e fibra da cana-de-açúcar) das cultivares CTC9, RB966928 e RB925211 nos espaçamentos de 1,4 e 1,5m. Após a última safra avaliou-se a densidade, o teor de água, o carbono orgânico e o índice de cone do solo na posição da linha da cultura (LC) e à 0,1m da linha, em paralelo (LP), nas faixas de profundidade de 0 a 0,2 e 0,2 a 0,4m de ambos espaçamentos de plantio. Os resultados mostraram que os valores médios de Pol cana-de-açúcar (%), toneladas de colmos por hectare (TCH) e toneladas de Pol por hectare (TPH) foram semelhantes entre os espaçamentos de plantio nas quatros safras, incluíndo a média. Os espaçamentos de plantio de 1,4 e 1,5m apresentaram influência nos valores de fibra da cana-de-açúcar (%), dependendo da safra e da cultivar. De acordo com a safra, os parâmetros tecnológicos e de produtividade das cultivares de cana-de-açúcar diferenciaram-se dentro de cada espaçamento de plantio. Entretanto, não houve interações...In the last decade, the Brazilian sucroenergetic sector is intensifying the mechanization in the planting and, mainly, in the harvest operation. The evolution in the farming technologies leads the sector to question itself about the current planting method due to the increase in the soil compaction and crop longevity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the farm machinery traffic effect in the sugar cane yield of three cultivars in two different row spacings. The field experiment was conducted during four years (2008 to 2012) in the Santa Candida Mill, located in the city of Bocaina - SP. The treatments were conducted in a randomized block design with four repetitions in factorial 2x3, with two different row spacings and three sugar cane cultivars. During four crop season were assessed the yield (tons of stalks and Pol per hectare) and technological (Pol and fiber content (%)) parameters of cultivars CTC9, RB966928 and RB925211 in the row spacings of 1,4 and 1,5m. After the last crop season were assessed the bulk density, the gravimetric water content, the organic carbon and the soil cone index along the position of crop lines (LC) and 0,1m from the row (LP) at the range of depth of 0 to 0,2m and 0,2 to 0,4m in both row spacings. The results showed that the average values of Pol (sucrose content), tons of stalks per hectare (TCH) and tons of Pol per hectare (TPH) were similar between the row spacings in four crop seasons, including the average. The row spacings of 1.4 and 1.5 m showed influences in the values of fiber content, depending on the crop season and cultivar. According to the crop season, the yield and technological parameters of sugar cane cultivars differed within each row spacing. However, there were no significant interactions between the row spacings and the yield and technological parameters of sugar cane cultivars. The row spacings of 1.4 and 1.5m did not affect the values of bulk ..

Prevalence, type and outcome of absent ductus venosus in a population referred for fetal echocardiography

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Influência dos espaçamentos de plantio da cultura de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp) nos atributos físico-hídricos do solo

The evolution of sugar cane mechanized harvesting made the sector to question the current row spacing used due to its influence on soil compaction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the soil hydro-physical attributes in two row spacings after the farm machinery traffic. The treatments were conducted in a randomized block design with twelve repetitions, being subjected to the variance analyze in double factorial arrangement. The bulk density, the gravimetric water content, and the soil cone index along the position of crop lines (LC) and 0,1m from the row (LP) at the range of depth of 0 to 0.2m and 0.2 to 0.4m were assessed in both row spacings after the fourth harvest season. The results showed that the row spacings of 1.4 and 1.5m did not affect the values of bulk density and gravimetric water content of the soil in all ranges of depth and sample positions studied. However, in the depth range of 0.2 to 0.4 m, the values of soil cone index (IC) in the row spacing of 1.5 m were higher than the values in row spacing of 1.4 m, at both sampling positions. Regardless of row spacing and sample position, the values of soil cone index in the depth range of 0.2 to 0.4m were higher than the depth range of 0 to 0.2m.A evolução da colheita mecanizada de cana-de-açúcar fez com que o setor questionasse o espaçamento de plantio adotado em função do aumento da compactação do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os atributos físicohídricos do solo em dois espaçamentos de plantio após o tráfego de máquinas agrícolas. O experimento de campo foi conduzido na usina Santa Cândida, localizada no município de Bocaina - SP. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos seguindo o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com doze repetições, sendo submetido à análise de variância em esquema fatorial 22 . Avaliou-se a densidade, o teor de água e o índice de cone do solo na posição da fileira da cultura (LC) e à 0,1m da fileira, em paralelo (LP), nas faixas de profundidade de 0 a 0,2 e 0,2 a 0,4m de ambos espaçamentos de plantio após a quarta safra. Os resultados mostraram que os espaçamentos de plantio de 1,4 e 1,5m não influenciaram os valores médios de densidade e do teor de água do solo nas faixas de profundidade e posições amostrais estudadas. Entretanto, na faixa de profundidade de 0,2 a 0,4m, os valores de índice de cone do solo do espaçamento de plantio de 1,5m foram superiores ao de 1,4m, em ambas as posições amostrais. Independente do espaçamento de plantio e posição amostral, os valores de índice de cone do solo na faixa de profundidade de 0,2 a 0,4m foram superiores à faixa de profundidade de 0 a 0,2m

Ultrasound colour doppler diagnosis of uterine rupture after previous laparoscopic myomectomy

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Monitoring Plant Height and Spatial Distribution of Biometrics with a Low-Cost Proximal Platform

Measuring canopy height is important for phenotyping as it has been identified as the most relevant parameter for the fast determination of plant mass and carbon stock, as well as crop responses and their spatial variability. In this work, we develop a low-cost tool for measuring plant height proximally based on an ultrasound sensor for flexible use in static or on-the-go mode. The tool was lab-tested and field-tested on crop systems of different geometry and spacings: in a static setting on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and in an on-the-go setting on chia (Salvia hispanica L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Cross-correlation (CC) or a dynamic time-warping algorithm (DTW) was used to analyze and correct shifts between manual and sensor data in chia. Sensor data were able to reproduce with minor shifts in canopy profile and plant status indicators in the field when plant heights varied gradually in narrow-spaced chia (R2 = 0.98), faba bean (R2 = 0.96), and wheat (R2 = up to 0.99). Abrupt height changes resulted in systematic errors in height estimation, and short-scale variations were not well reproduced (e.g., R2 in widely spaced chia was 0.57 to 0.66 after shifting based on CC or DTW, respectively)). In alfalfa, ultrasound data were a better predictor than NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) for Leaf Area Index and biomass (R2 from 0.81 to 0.84). Maps of ultrasound-determined height showed that clusters were useful for spatial management. The good performance of the tool both in a static setting and in the on-the-go setting provides flexibility for the determination of plant height and spatial variation of plant responses in different conditions from natural to managed systems