Flavonoides como agentes quimiopreventivos y terapéuticos contra el cáncer de pulmón

The objective of the present review is to study the relationship between flavonoids and lung cancer, proposing that their regular consumption in Western diets could be beneficial for protecting patients against lung cancer.An extensive search of the scientific literature was performed in the following electronic specialized databases (PubMed central (PMC)-NBCI, Elsevier Journal, SciELO Spain, Scirus, Science Direct), including studies in animals, cells, and humans, in order to establish the effect of flavonoids in the prevention and development of lung cancer.Although in vitro and animal studies show the potential ability of flavonoids to act against different types of cancers, especially against lung cancers, the diverse results reported within epidemiological studies, together with the lack of experiments in humans, are the major factors in limiting making dietary recommendations based on scientific evidence for the management of patients with lung cancer. Therefore, the authors of the present study recommend following the dietary health practice guidelines which promotes the consumption of food enriched in flavonoids and reflects the current state of knowledge of an effective and appropriate diet in lung cancer patients

Stress and Growth in Cancer: Mechanisms and Psychotherapeutic Interventions to Facilitate a Constructive Balance

Post-traumatic stress and growth are common responses to adverse life events such as cancer. In this article, we establish how cancer becomes a "fertile land" for the emergence of stress and growth responses and analyze the main mechanisms involved. Stress-growth responses on adjusting to cancer is potentially determined by factors like the phase of the illness (e.g., initial phases vs. period of survivorship), patient's coping strategies, meaning-making, and relationships with significant others. We also review the mechanisms of constructive and adaptative stress-growth balances in cancer to study the predictors, interrelated associations, triggering mechanisms, long-term results, and specific trajectories of these two responses to cancer. Finally, we update the evidence on the role of these stress-growth associations in psychologically adjusting to cancer. Together with this evidence, we summarize preliminary results regarding the efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions that aim to facilitate a constructive psychological balance between stress and growth in cancer patients. Recommendations for future research and gaps in knowledge on stress-growth processes in this illness are also highlighted. Researchers are encouraged to design and use psychotherapeutic interventions according to the dynamic and changeable patients' sources of stress and growth along the illness. Relevant insights are proposed to understand the inconsistency of stress-growth literature and to promote psychotherapeutic interventions to facilitate a constructive balance between these key responses in cancer

Effect of sandblasting on low and high-cycle fatigue behaviour after mechanical cutting of a twinning-induced plasticity steel

In the last years, car bodies are increasingly made with new advanced high-strength steels, for both lightweighting and safety purposes. Among these new steels, high-manganese or TWIP steels exhibit a promising combination of strength and toughness, arising from the austenitic structure, strengthened by C, and from the twinning induced plasticity effect. Mechanical cutting such as punching or shearing is widely used for the manufacturing of car body components. This method is known to bring about a very clear plastic deformation and therefore causes a significant increase of mechanical stress and micro-hardness in the zone adjacent to the cut edge. To improve the cut edge quality, surface treatments, such as sandblasting, are often used. This surface treatment generates a compressive residual stress layer in the subsurface region. The monotonic tensile properties and deformation mechanisms of these steels have been extensively studied, as well as the effect of grain size and distribution and chemical composition on fatigue behaviour; however, there is not so much documentation about the fatigue performance of these steels cut using different strategies. Thus, the aim of this work is to analyse the fatigue behaviour of a TWIP steel after mechanical cutting with and without sandblasting in Low and High-Cycle Fatigue regimes. The fatigue behaviour has been determined at room temperature with tensile samples tested with a load ratio of 0.1 and load amplitude control to analyse High-Cycle Fatigue behaviour; and a load ratio of -1 and strain amplitude control to determine the Low-Cycle Fatigue behaviour. Samples were cut by shearing with a clearance value of 5%. Afterwards, a part of the cut specimens were manually blasted using glass microspheres of 40 to 95 microns of diameter as abrasive media. The results show a beneficial effect of the sandblasting process in fatigue behaviour in both regimes, load amplitude control (HCF) and strain amplitude control (LCF) tests, when these magnitudes are low, while no significant differences are observed with higher amplitudes. low-cycle fatigue, high-cycle fatigue, mechanical cutting, sandblasting, high manganese steel, TWIP steel. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2018.Postprint (published version

Stress and Growth in Cancer: Mechanisms and Psychotherapeutic Interventions to Facilitate a Constructive Balance

Post-traumatic stress and growth are common responses to adverse life events such as cancer. In this article, we establish how cancer becomes a “fertile land” for the emergence of stress and growth responses and analyze the main mechanisms involved. Stress-growth responses on adjusting to cancer is potentially determined by factors like the phase of the illness (e.g., initial phases vs. period of survivorship), patient’s coping strategies, meaning-making, and relationships with significant others. We also review the mechanisms of constructive and adaptative stress-growth balances in cancer to study the predictors, interrelated associations, triggering mechanisms, long-term results, and specific trajectories of these two responses to cancer. Finally, we update the evidence on the role of these stress-growth associations in psychologically adjusting to cancer. Together with this evidence, we summarize preliminary results regarding the efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions that aim to facilitate a constructive psychological balance between stress and growth in cancer patients. Recommendations for future research and gaps in knowledge on stress-growth processes in this illness are also highlighted. Researchers are encouraged to design and use psychotherapeutic interventions according to the dynamic and changeable patients’ sources of stress and growth along the illness. Relevant insights are proposed to understand the inconsistency of stress-growth literature and to promote psychotherapeutic interventions to facilitate a constructive balance between these key responses in cancer

Healthcare experience and their relationship with demographic, disease and healthcare-related variables: a cross-sectional survey of patients with chronic diseases using the IEXPAC scale.

[Abstract] BACKGROUND: Patient experience is acknowledged as a principal aspect of quality healthcare delivery, and it has implications with regard to outcomes. OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to evaluate the healthcare experience of patients with chronic diseases to identify patient-perceived healthcare gaps and to assess the influence of demographic and healthcare-related variables on patient experiences. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was delivered to adult patients with chronic diseases: diabetes mellitus (DM), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or rheumatic diseases. Patient experiences were assessed with the Instrument for Evaluation of the Experience of Chronic Patients (IEXPAC) questionnaire, with possible scores ranging from 0 (worst) to 10 (best experience). RESULTS: Of the 2474 patients handed the survey, 1618 returned it (response rate 65.4%). Patients identified gaps in healthcare related mainly to access to reliable information and services, interaction with other patients and continuity of healthcare after hospital discharge. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) IEXPAC score was 6.0 ± 1.9 and was higher for patients with HIV (6.6 ± 1.7) than for those with rheumatic disease (5.5 ± 2.0), IBD (5.9 ± 2.0) or DM (5.9 ± 1.9) (p < 0.001). In multivariate models, better overall IEXPAC experience was associated with follow-up by the same physician, follow-up by a nurse, receiving healthcare support from others and treatment with subcutaneous or intravenous drugs. The multivariate model that confirmed patients with HIV or DM had better experience than did those with rheumatic diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Through IEXPAC, patients identified aspects for healthcare quality improvements and circumstances associated with better experience, which may permit greater redirection of healthcare toward patient-centered goals while facilitating improvements in social care and long-term healthcare quality

Pregnancy control in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus/antiphospholipid syndrome. Part 2: Pregnancy follow-up

Objective: In order to agree on the fundamental aspects related to the management of pregnancy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), the Spanish Societies of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Internal Medicine and Rheumatology set up a working group for the preparation of three consensus documents. Methods: Each of the Scientific Societies involved proposed five representatives based on their experience in the field of pregnancy control in patients with autoimmune diseases. The recommendations were developed following the Delphi methodology. Results: This second document contains the recommendations regarding the management of pregnancy in women with SLE and APS, including complications such as lupus activity, congenital heart block, thrombotic and obstetric manifestations of APS and placental vascular disease. Conclusions: These multidisciplinary recommendations are considered decision-making tools for clinicians involved in the care of patients with SLE/APS during pregnancy.Objetivo: Las sociedades españolas de ginecología y obstetricia, de medicina interna y de reumatología han constituido un grupo de trabajo paritario para la elaboración de 3 documentos de consenso sobre el control del embarazo en mujeres con lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) y síndrome antifosfolípido (SAF).Métodos: Cada una de las sociedades científicas implicadas propuso 5 representantes en base a su experiencia en el área del control del embarazo en pacientes con enfermedades autoinmunes. Las recomendaciones se elaboraron siguiendo la metodología Delphi. Resultados: En este segundo documento se incluyen las recomendaciones que abordan el manejo del embarazo normal y sus complicaciones en mujeres con LES/SAF. Se presentan las recomendaciones relacionadas con el seguimiento del embarazo, la actividad lúpica, el bloqueo cardíaco congénito, las manifestaciones trombóticas y obstétricas del SAF y los defectos de placentación. Conclusiones: Estas recomendaciones multidisciplinares se consideran herramientas en la toma de decisiones para los clínicos involucrados en la asistencia a pacientes con LES/SAF durante el embarazo

Pregnancy Control in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Part 1: Infertility, Ovarian Preservation and Preconception Assessment. Consensus Document of the Spanish Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (SEGO), the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI) and the Spanish Society of Rheumatology (SER)

Objetivo: El embarazo y el puerperio se consideran una situación de riesgo en mujeres con lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) y síndrome antifosfolípido (SAF). Es esencial que especialistas en enfermedades autoinmunes y en embarazo de alto riesgo intervengan en su seguimiento de forma coordinada. La Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia, la Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna, y la Sociedad Española de Reumatología han constituido un grupo de trabajo paritario para la elaboración de 3 documentos de consenso. Métodos: Las fases del trabajo fueron: distribución del trabajo en grupos correspondientes a los 3 períodos relacionados con la gestación, identificación de áreas clave, revisión de la literatura y formulación de recomendaciones. Resultados: En este primer documento se incluyen las primeras 48 recomendaciones que tratan aspectos relacionados con la infertilidad, la necesidad y los tratamientos de preservación gonadal y la valoración preconcepcional. Conclusiones: Estas recomendaciones multidisciplinares se consideran herramientas en la toma de decisiones para los clínicos involucrados en la asistencia a pacientes con LES/SAF durante el embarazo

Improving the detection of infectious diseases in at-risk migrants with an innovative integrated multi-infection screening digital decision support tool (IS-MiHealth) in primary care : a pilot cluster-randomized-controlled trial

There are major shortfalls in the identification and screening of at-risk migrant groups. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a new digital tool (IS-MiHealth) integrated into the electronic patient record system of primary care centres in detecting prevalent migrant infections. IS-MiHealth provides targeted recommendations to health professionals for screening multiple infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B and C, active tuberculosis (TB), Chagas disease, strongyloidiasis and schistosomiasis, based on patient characteristics (including variables of country of origin, age and sex). A pragmatic pilot cluster-randomized-controlled trial was deployed from March to December 2018. Eight primary care centres in Catalonia, Spain, were randomly allocated 1:1 to use of the digital tool for screening, or to routine care. The primary outcome was the monthly diagnostic yield of all aggregated infections. Intervention and control sites were compared before and after implementation with respect to their monthly diagnostic yield using regression models. This study is registered on international standard randomised controlled trial number (ISRCTN) (ISRCTN14795012). A total of 15 780 migrants registered across the eight centres had at least one visit during the intervention period (March-December 2018), of which 14 598 (92.51%) fulfilled the criteria to be screened for at least one infection. There were 210 (2.57%) individuals from the intervention group with new diagnoses compared with 113 (1.49%) from the control group [odds ratio: 2.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.63-2.64, P < 0.001]. The intervention centres raised their overall monthly diagnosis rate to 5.80 (95% CI 1.23-10.38, P = 0.013) extra diagnoses compared with the control centres. This monthly increase in diagnosis in intervention centres was also observed if we consider all cases together of HIV, hepatitis B and C, and active TB cases [2.72 (95% CI 0.43-5.00); P = 0.02] and was observed as well for the parasitic infections' group (Chagas disease, strongyloidiasis and schistosomiasis) 2.58 (95% CI 1.60-3.57; P < 0.001). The IS-MiHealth increased screening rate and diagnostic yield for key infections in migrants in a population-based primary care setting. Further testing and development of this new tool is warranted in larger trials and in other countries

Famílies botàniques de plantes medicinals

Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Ensenyament: Grau de Farmàcia, Assignatura: Botànica Farmacèutica, Curs: 2013-2014, Coordinadors: Joan Simon, Cèsar Blanché i Maria Bosch.Els materials que aquí es presenten són els recull de 175 treballs d’una família botànica d’interès medicinal realitzats de manera individual. Els treballs han estat realitzat per la totalitat dels estudiants dels grups M-2 i M-3 de l’assignatura Botànica Farmacèutica durant els mesos d’abril i maig del curs 2013-14. Tots els treballs s’han dut a terme a través de la plataforma de GoogleDocs i han estat tutoritzats pel professor de l’assignatura i revisats i finalment co-avaluats entre els propis estudiants. L’objectiu principal de l’activitat ha estat fomentar l’aprenentatge autònom i col·laboratiu en Botànica farmacèutica

Microbial spoilage and quality of marinated dark, firm, dry meat

Estudi elaborat a partir d’una estada al Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University of Denmark entre els mesos de Març a Juny del 2006. S’ha investigat l’efecte dels envasats amb atmosferes modificades (MAP), així com la marinació amb vi tint, sobre l’evolució de la contaminació bacteriològica de carns fosques, dures i seques (DFD). Les carns DFD es troben a les canals d’animals que, abans del sacrifici, han estat exposades a activitats musculars prolongades o estrès. Les carns DFD impliquen importants pèrdues econòmiques degut a la contaminació bacteriològica i als problemes tecnològics relacionats amb la alta capacitat de retenció d’aigua. A més a més, és crític per la indústria investigar la diversitat de la contaminació bacteriana, identificar les espècies bacterianes i controlar-les. Però és difícil degut a la inhabilitat per detectar algunes bactèries en medis coneguts, les interaccions entre elles, la complexitat dels tipus de contaminació com són aigua, terra, femtes i l’ambient. La Polymerasa chain reaction- Denaturating Electrophoresis Gel (PCR-DGEE ) pot sobrepassar aquests problemes reflectint la diversitat microbial i les espècies bacterianes. Els resultants han indicat que la varietat bacteriana de la carn incrementava amb els dies d’envasat independentment del mètode d’envasat, però decreixia significativament amb el tractament de marinació amb vi tint. La DGEE ha mostrat diferències en les espècies trobades, indicant canvis en la contaminació bacteriana i les seves característiques en la carn DFD sota els diferents tractaments. Tot i que la marinació és una bona alternativa i solució a la comercialització de carn DFD , estudis de seqüenciació són necessaris per identificar les diferents tipus de bactèries.Report for the scientific sojourn at the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University of Denmark from March until June 2006. The effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), as well as red wine marination on evolution of bacteriological spoilage in dark, firm and dry beef meat (DFD) have been investigated. The DFD meat is found in carcasses from animals which, before slaughter, have undergone prolonged muscular activity or stress. The DFD implicates important economic losses due to the bacteriological spoilage and technological problems related to high water-holding capacity. Moreover, it is critical for meat industry to investigate contaminating bacteria diversity and identify the bacterium species and then control them. But it is very difficult to do this due to inability to detect some bacteria on the know media, the interactions between bacterium species, the complexity of sources contamination such as water, soil, feces and environment. The Polymerasa chain reaction- Denaturating Electrophoresis Gel (PCR- DGEE ) can overcome these problems by reflecting the microbial diversity and bacteria species. The results indicated that the bacterial diversity of meat increased with storage time regardless of packaging method, but decreased significantly with red wine marination treatment. The DGEE technique indicated differences in the species found, indicating changes of the contaminating bacteria and their characteristics in DFD meat under different treatment. Although marination is a good alternative and solution for DFD meat commercialization, sequence studies are necessary to identify the different types of bacteria