Solution validation for a Double Façade rototype

A Solution Validation involves comparing the data obtained from the system that are implemented following the model recommendations, as well as the model results. This paper presents a Solution Validation that has been performed with the aim of certifying that a set of computer-optimized designs, for a double façade, are consistent with reality. To validate the results obtained through simulation models, based on dynamic thermal calculation and using Computational Fluid Dynamic techniques, a comparison with the data obtained by monitoring a real implemented prototype has been carried out. The new validated model can be used to describe the system thermal behavior in different climatic zones without having to build a new prototype. The good performance of the proposed double façade solution is confirmed since the validation assures there is a considerable energy saving, preserving and even improving interior comfort. This work shows all the processes in the Solution Validation depicting some of the problems we faced and represents an example of this kind of validation that often is not considered in a simulation project.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Purification et fonctionnalisation d acides gras polyinsaturés Oméga-3 par des lipases et production de lipides structurés

Les lipases sont des enzymes présentant un grand intérêt industriel. L intérêt de ces enzymes a conduit à caractériser ces enzymes, à mieux comprendre leur mécanisme réactionnel et leur cinétique, et à établir des méthodes efficaces de production en système d expression homologue et hétérologue. Plus récemment, l ingénierie enzymatique permet d améliorer les caractéristiques des enzymes. Ce thèse s est fixé deux objectifs principaux: premièrement, la purification et la fonctionnalisation d acides gras poly-insaturés de type Omega-3 (PUFAs), et spécialement l acide cis-4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19-docosahexaénoique (DHA) et deuxièmement la production de lipides structurés (SL). Un premier objectif fut de produire une molécule pharmaceutique, le nicotinyl DHA ester. Le co-substrat du DHA est le nicotinol, un alcool qui après absorption, il est rapidement converti en acide nicotinique (Vitamine B3). La trans-esterification enzymatique entre l ester éthylique du DHA et le nicotinol a été optimisée dans le but de synthétiser un ester présentant les propriétés cumulatives des deux réactants. Après la sélection de l enzyme optimale (lipase immobilisée de Candida antarctica; Novozyme 435) et le choix du milieu réactionnel (milieu sans solvant), le procédé a été optimisé. Une conversion supérieure à 97 % a été obtenu en 4 heures avec 45 g.L-1 d enzyme. Dans ces conditions, une productivité de 4.2 g de produit .h-1.g d enzyme-1 a été obtenue. Ce projet nécessite une haute pureté en DHA. Un procédé de purification enzymatique a été choisi. Les lipases sont capables de discriminer entre les acides gras en fonction de la longueur de chaine et du degré d insaturation. Les lipases agissent par résolution cinétique, en réagissant plus efficacement avec les acides gras saturés et mono-insaturés qu avec les PUFAs résistants. La lipase YLL2 de Yarrowia lipolytica apparait comme un bon candidat car elle est homologue à une des lipases les plus efficaces, la lipase de Thermomyces lanuginosus. YLL2 a permis d obtenir une discrimination très efficace. Les raisons de la sélectivité de l enzyme ont été identifiées : il s agit du positionnement de la double liaison la plus proche de la fonction carboxylique. La concentration en DHA la plus élevée a été obtenue avec YLL2 (73%) avec un pourcentage de récupération du DHA-EE de 89%. YLL2 est par conséquent l enzyme décrite la plus efficace pour la purification du DHA.La mutagénèse ciblée dans le site actif de YLL2 a été utilisée pour améliorer la sélectivité de cette enzyme. L analyse de la structure 3D et les alignements avec des lipases homologues a permis de choisir les cibles de mutagénèse dirigée. Les acides aminés cibles ont été changés de manière à restreindre ou élargir le site actif. De ce premier screening de variantes deux positions ont permis d améliorer la spécificité de l enzyme, les positions I100 et V235. Finalement la saturation de ces 2 positions a été réalisée. Le dernier objectif de la thèse était la production de SL par acidolysis enzymatique entre l'huile d'olive vierge et les acides caprylic ou capric utilisant la lipase YLL2 immobilisé. Le SL obtenu devrait être riche en acide oléique à la position sn-2 tandis que les C8:0 et C10:0 devraient être principalement estérifiés aux positions sn-1,3. YLL2 immobilisé sur Accurel 1000 a été testé dans un système sans solvant. La réaction d acidolysis d'huile d'olive avec C8:0 ou C10:0 a été optimisée avec la méthodologie de surface de réponse (RSM).Lipases are enzymes with applications extended to a wide variety of industries. The variety of lipases applications led to increased research to characterize them and better understand their kinetics and reaction mechanisms and to establish methods for lipase production in homologous and heterologous expression systems. Lately enzymatic engineering allowed the improvement of lipase characteristics. This thesis project studies the use of lipases for two main objectives: lipase-catalyzed purification and functionalization of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially cis-4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and production of structured lipids (SL). DHA was used for the synthesis of a pharmaceutical molecule, the nicotinyl DHA ester. The co-substrate of the reaction was nicotinol, an alcohol from the group B pro-vitamin, which after absorption is rapidly converted into nicotinic acid (Vitamin B3). The enzymatic trans-esterification of DHA ethyl esters with nicotinol was optimised to synthesise an ester presenting the cumulative properties of the two reactants. After enzyme (immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica; Novozym 435) and reaction medium (solvent-free system) selection, the process was optimised. A conversion to nicotinyl-DHA superior to 97 % was obtained in 4 hours using 45 g.L-1 of enzyme. With a productivity of 4.2 g of product .h-1.g of enzyme-1.This project requires DHA of high purity. Enzymatic purification was chosen for the production of DHA concentrates. Lipases can discriminate between fatty acids in function of their chain length and saturation degree. Lipases react more efficiently with the bulk of saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids than with the PUFAs. The objective was the discovery of more specific enzymes for DHA purification. The lipase Lip2 from Yarrowia lipolytica (YLL2) appears as a good candidate since it is homologous to one of the most efficient lipase, the lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus. YLL2 enables a high discrimination to be obtained, enzyme selectivity being principally due to the positioning of the double-bond the closest from the carboxylic group. The highest concentration of DHA was obtained with YLL2 (73%) with a recovery percentage of DHA-EE of 89%. YLL2 is the most efficient described lipase for DHA purification.Site directed mutagenesis was used to improve YLL2 from Y. lipolytica. Using its three dimensional structure and alignment with homologous lipases, targets for site directed mutagenesis were chosen. Chosen amino acids were substituted by two amino acids of different sizes. From the screening of variants two positions with promising specificities where chosen, positions I100 and V235. Finally saturation of both positions and the analysis of their performances in the selected reactions were carried out. The last objective was the production of SL by enzymatic acidolysis between virgin olive oil and caprylic or capric acids using immobilized Lip2 from Y. lipolytica. The SL obtained should be rich in oleic acid at the sn-2 position while C8:0 and C10:0 should be mainly esterified at the sn-1,3 positions. Lip2 from Y. lipolytica immobilized on Accurel MP 1000 was tested in a solvent-free system. The acidolysis reaction of olive oil with C8:0 or C10:0 was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM)TOULOUSE-INSA-Bib. electronique (315559905) / SudocSudocFranceF

Incorporation of capric acid in pumpkin seed oil by sn-1,3 regioselective lipase-catalyzed acidolysis

Structured lipids (SLs) are novel triacylglycerols obtained by changing the native fatty acid (FA) profiles or by the incorporation of a new desired FA in the acylglycerol backbone. These modified fats present important medical and functional properties for food applications. This work aimed to synthetize a MLM-type SL, which consists of triacylglycerols containing a medium-chain FA (M) at sn-1,3 positions and a long-chain FA (L) at sn-2 position, by acidolysis of pumpkin seed oil with capric acid, catalyzed by a commercial lipase preparation from Thermomyces lanuginosa (Lipozyme TL IM). Reactions were performed at 45 degrees C, in solvent-free media, at 1: 2 molar ratio (pumpkin seed oil: capric acid) and a fixed amount of immobilized lipase of 5%, 10%, 15% or 20%. Incorporations of C10: 0 increased with time up to 31 h (29.9 +/- 0.7 mol-%) when 5% lipase load was used. Significant differences were only observed between the results obtained with 5 and 20% of biocatalyst load. The subsequent experiment was carried out with 5% lipase load, at 45 degrees C, 1: 2 molar ratio and in the presence of n-hexane. The results showed slightly higher incorporation yields in the presence of solvent, namely at 48 h-reaction (34.7 +/- 1.0 mol-%). However, since the structured lipids are to be used in food products, together with environmental and economic concerns, solvent-free systems are preferred. In this study, the synthesis of a MLM-type SL from pumpkin seed oil for food uses was well succeeded

Spanish adaptation and validation of the child- and parent-report cystic fibrosis questionnaire-revised (CFQ-R)

Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish versions of the child- and parent-report cystic fibrosis questionnaire-revised (CFQ-R). Methods: A Spanish adaptation of the CFQ-R was performed; 68 children with CF (6-13 years) and their parents completed the child- and parent-report CFQ-R, respectively, and the Revidierter KINDer Lebensqualitätsfragebogen (KINDL) questionnaire. The CFQ-R was completed twice, 7-10 days apart, and its psychometric properties were analyzed. Results: The internal consistency of both CFQ-R versions was adequate (child-report version, Cronbach's α >.60 for all domains except 'Treatment Burden' [α = .42] and 'Social Functioning' [α = .57]; parent-report version, α > .60 for all domains except 'Social Functioning' [α = .58]). For the child-report version, the lowest measurement error was for 'Emotional Functioning' (standard error of measurement [SEM]: 8.3%; minimal detectable change [MDC90 ]: 19.3%), and the highest was for 'Body Image' (SEM: 15%; MDC90 : 35%). For the parent-report version, the lowest measurement error was for 'Physical Functioning' (SEM: 7.1%; MDC90 : 16.5%), and the highest was for 'Weight' (SEM: 17.2%; MDC90 ; 40.1%). The correlation between the versions showed higher agreement for the domains related to observable signs ('Physical Functioning') and lower agreement for 'Emotional Functioning.' There was a significant correlation between the CFQ-R and KINDL. Conclusion: Both the child- and parent-report versions of the Spanish CFQ-R have adequate reliability and validity for clinical and research purposes. These versions can be administered before and after starting modulator therapy to assess its effect on daily functioning. The MDC90 can help identify, with a high probability, whether real changes have occurred in the quality-of-life subscales in children with CF

Transitando de la fotografía a la crónica literaria.

La presente investigación busca remediar la falta de interés en un grupo de jóvenes hacia la escritura, así como aportar nuevos métodos de enseñanza a los docentes en el Colegio Liceo Técnico Bilingüe Paulo Freire, es decir determinar las causas y proporcionar una estrategia didáctica basado en una metodología praxeológica. Así mismo, fomentar la escritura de crónicas literarias en estudiantes del grado décimo, coadyuvándolos de forma positiva a leer y escribir de forma efectiva en el aula de clases. Esta estrategia se encuentra secundada con la fotografía como ayuda pedagógica debido a su relevancia actual en los adolescentes cuyo objetivo es incentivar diferentes reflexiones en el observador, así como la realización de los ejercicios de escritura. Durante el proceso de implementación de la estrategia, se analizará la estructura y el estilo de los textos escritos por los 10 estudiantes del colegio Liceo Técnico Bilingüe Paulo Freire, con el fin de identificar el impacto de la propuesta en el desarrollo de habilidades de escritura. En conclusión, la investigación pretende fomentar la escritura de crónica literaria en un grupo de jóvenes con la fotografía como herramienta motivadora

Plan de intervención para prevenir los riesgos psicosociales generados por los factores extralaborales presentes en la enfermedad del Covid-19 en los trabajadores de Químicos Integrales S.A.S

Diseñar una propuesta de intervención que disminuya los efectos ocasionados por los factores extralaborales de riesgo psicosocial en tiempo de Covid-19 presentes en los trabajadores de Químicos Integrales S.A.SLa situación actual de pandemia por la que el mundo está pasando causada por la enfermedad Covid-19 ha causado que se tomen medidas de seguridad como la implementación del aislamiento obligatorio forzando a las organizaciones a cerrar y trasladar sus actividades a los hogares de sus colaboradores. La coyuntura ha despertado el interés de explorar como los aspectos psicosociales extralaborales han tenido efecto en estas nuevas rutinas y en la salud de los trabajadores. Es por ello, que las empresas deben buscar cómo ayudar a sus colaboradores en tener una mejor calidad de vida y que se sientan a gusto en sus casas mientras realizan sus actividades laborales. La compañía Químicos Integrales S.A.S. en la búsqueda de mejorar las condiciones laborales y personales de sus colaboradores, permitió la aplicación de una encuesta a una muestra representativa de 22 trabajadores acerca de los riesgos psicosociales extralaborales y de factores relacionados con la situación actual de pandemia que vive el país. Con los resultados obtenidos se realizó un plan de intervención para los factores que puntúan en riesgo medio, alto y muy alto. Con esta intervención se pretende mejorar aquellos aspectos que están generando malestar en los colaboradores y poner en conocimiento a la organización de aquellas situaciones en las que la compañía puede beneficiar a sus funcionarios.The current pandemic situation the world is going through caused by the Covid-19 disease has caused security measures to be taken, such as the implementation of compulsory isolation, forcing organizations to close and move their activities to the homes of their collaborators The situation has sparked interest in exploring how extra-labor psychosocial aspects have had an effect on these new routines and workers health. That is why companies must look for ways to help their collaborators to have a better quality of life and to feel comfortable at home while carrying out their work activities. The company Químicos Integrales S.A.S. In the search to improve the working and personal conditions of its collaborators, it allowed the application of a survey to a representative sample of 22 workers about the extra-occupational psychosocial risks and factors related to the current pandemic situation in the country With the results obtained, an intervention plan was carried out for the factors that score in medium, high and very high risk. This intervention aims to improve those aspects that are causing employee discomfort and to make the organization aware of those situations in which the company can benefit its employee

Plan de intervención para prevenir los riesgos psicosociales generados por los factores extralaborales presentes en la enfermedad del Covid-19 en los trabajadores de Químicos Integrales S.A.S

Diseñar una propuesta de intervención que disminuya los efectos ocasionados por los factores extralaborales de riesgo psicosocial en tiempo de Covid-19 presentes en los trabajadores de Químicos Integrales S.A.SLa situación actual de pandemia por la que el mundo está pasando causada por la enfermedad Covid-19 ha causado que se tomen medidas de seguridad como la implementación del aislamiento obligatorio forzando a las organizaciones a cerrar y trasladar sus actividades a los hogares de sus colaboradores. La coyuntura ha despertado el interés de explorar como los aspectos psicosociales extralaborales han tenido efecto en estas nuevas rutinas y en la salud de los trabajadores. Es por ello, que las empresas deben buscar cómo ayudar a sus colaboradores en tener una mejor calidad de vida y que se sientan a gusto en sus casas mientras realizan sus actividades laborales. La compañía Químicos Integrales S.A.S. en la búsqueda de mejorar las condiciones laborales y personales de sus colaboradores, permitió la aplicación de una encuesta a una muestra representativa de 22 trabajadores acerca de los riesgos psicosociales extralaborales y de factores relacionados con la situación actual de pandemia que vive el país. Con los resultados obtenidos se realizó un plan de intervención para los factores que puntúan en riesgo medio, alto y muy alto. Con esta intervención se pretende mejorar aquellos aspectos que están generando malestar en los colaboradores y poner en conocimiento a la organización de aquellas situaciones en las que la compañía puede beneficiar a sus funcionarios.The current pandemic situation the world is going through caused by the Covid-19 disease has caused security measures to be taken, such as the implementation of compulsory isolation, forcing organizations to close and move their activities to the homes of their collaborators The situation has sparked interest in exploring how extra-labor psychosocial aspects have had an effect on these new routines and workers health. That is why companies must look for ways to help their collaborators to have a better quality of life and to feel comfortable at home while carrying out their work activities. The company Químicos Integrales S.A.S. In the search to improve the working and personal conditions of its collaborators, it allowed the application of a survey to a representative sample of 22 workers about the extra-occupational psychosocial risks and factors related to the current pandemic situation in the country With the results obtained, an intervention plan was carried out for the factors that score in medium, high and very high risk. This intervention aims to improve those aspects that are causing employee discomfort and to make the organization aware of those situations in which the company can benefit its employee

Enzyme-catalyzed production of biodiesel as alternative to chemical-catalyzed processes : advantages and constraints

Background: Biodiesel represents an interesting alternative to fossil fuels. Traditionally the standard method for biodiesel production from oils is alkaline-catalyzed transesterification. Chemical catalysis can be replaced by enzymatic catalysis using lipases (EC 3.1.1.3, triacylglycerol acyl hydrolases), obtained from plants, animals or microorganisms. Enzymatic catalysis has important advantages compared to chemical catalysis, as lower energy consumption and undesirable side-reactions do not occur originating pure compounds. However, some problems should be overcome to achieve a real alternative to chemical catalysis, such as the prize, the stability, and the reutilization of the biocatalyst. -Results: The review consists of an update of the state of the art of enzymatic biodiesel production, including legislation, feedstocks, lipases used for biodiesel synthesis, the role of acyl acceptors and strategies to avoid lipase inactivation, the mechanisms proposed for biocatalysis and the enzymatic bioreactors used. In addition, the economics of the bioprocess is also presented. - Conclusion: Nowadays, there are already some examples of enzymatic processes for biodiesel production implemented at industrial scale and the number of pilot and industrial scale plants has greatly increased in the recent years. In spite of this trend, the chemical catalysis process still remains the most popular on an industrial scale mainly due to the high cost of commercial lipases. Thus, it is necessary to improve the enzymatic technology, increasing the productivity of the bioprocess and reducing the cost of the bioprocess. To attain this goal, it is necessary to act in a multidisciplinary approach of Genetic engineering, Bioprocess engineering, including the production of recombinant lipase in the most adequate cell factory, Enzyme engineering and applied Biocatalysis. It is a fact that the approach to "create" by genetic engineering, a lipase with a high tolerance to methanol, high biocatalyic performance and high resistance to work at higher temperatures and under harsh conditions is not corresponding with the important advances as compared to the other aspects. Also, the use of low cost non-commercial biocatalysts, presenting both high transesterification activity and operational stability, as an alternative to commercial biocatalysts, is a solution to reduce enzymatic biodiesel production costs, making it competitive with chemical processes. The price of biodiesel is highly affected by the market price fluctuation of oil feedstock. Thus the commercial efficiency and competitiveness of biodiesel market needs the development of high-valued product from the FAMEs as rawmaterial, under the concept of a biodiesel refinery. Other approach to minimize the cost of the global process is the production of heterologous lipases, using the crude glycerol obtained in the same biodiesel industry, without high purification, as carbon source. The presence of low methanol concentration and other possible contaminants jointly in the matrix of crude glycerol is not a problem for P. pastoris, one of the most popular cell factories to produce recombinant lipases. In conclusion, enzymatic biodiesel, as a green alternative to chemical biodiesel, has a potential economic growth in the near future

Moleculars biomarkers in pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma: from molecular biology to clinical application

El rabdomiosarcoma (RMS) es el tumor ma-ligno de partes blandas más común en la infancia. Se dis-tinguen principalmente dos subtipos histológicos: embrio-nario (RMSe) y alveolar (RMSa), teniendo el primero mejor pronóstico que el segundo. Estudios recientes han identifi-cado alteraciones moleculares (transcriptos de fusión PAX3 y PAX7) en el 80% de los RMSa. Estos transcriptos de fusión, además de definir el diagnóstico, le confieren propiedades biológicas al tumor independientemente del subtipo histoló-gico, que modifican su comportamiento. El estudio de estos marcadores podría ser incorporado a la estratificación de riesgo (edad, tamaño tumoral, tipo histológico, localización) al comprobarse que los mismos confieren un valor pronós-tico adverso. Objetivos: el objetivo del siguiente estudio fue implementar la búsqueda de los transcriptos de fusión PAX3 y PAX7 en las muestras de pacientes diagnosticados con RMS. Se plan-teó, también, el estudio de la asociación entre los marcado-res moleculares con la estratificación de riesgo y la respuesta terapéutica de pacientes pediátricos con RMS

Intervención en la desnutrición en los Niños Menores de cinco años del Departamento del Amazonas

La propuesta tiene como finalidad mostrar la problemática que presenta el departamento del Amazonas en cuanto al alto porcentaje de desnutrición en los niños menores de cinco años, debido, a la difícil situación que afronta este territorio, en cuanto a la pobreza y el desempleo. Por lo tanto, se describe una serie de estrategias y actividades que buscan la intervención en la desnutrición de los niños de los diferentes municipios del Amazonas, con el apoyo de actores como alcaldías municipales, IPS, el ICBF, fundación éxito, y por supuesto el trabajo mancomunado de los administradores en Salud. Se presenta finalidad de la propuesta y el presupuesto necesario para llevarse a cabo. Las estrategias abordan la línea operativa de la promoción de la Salud y al enfoque de determinantes en Salud, según el Plan decenal de Salud Pública y de los 17 objetivos de desarrollo Sostenible se apunta al de Hambre Cero, ya que, la finalidad es disminuir los porcentajes de desnutrición en los niños menores de cinco años.The proposal aims to show the problem presented by the Amazon department in terms of the high percentage of malnutrition hildren under the age of five, due to the plight facing this territory, in terms of poverty and unemployment. Therefore, a number of strategies and activities are described that seek intervention in the malnutrition of children in different municipalities Amazon, with the support of actors such as municipal mayors, IPS, ICBF, successful foundation, and of course joint work administrators in Health. The purpose of the proposal and the budget needed to be carried out is presented. Strategies address the operational line of health promotion and to the Determinants in Health approach, according to the Decenal Public Health Plan and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals Zero Hunger is targeted, as the aim is to reduce malnutrition rates in children under the age of five