Early-type galaxies with core collapse supernovae

It is widely accepted that the progenitors of core collapse SNe are young massive stars and therefore their host galaxies are mostly spiral or irregular galaxies dominated by a young stellar population. Surprisingly, among morphologically classified hosts of core collapse SNe, we find 22 cases where the host has been classified as an Elliptical or S0 galaxy. To clarify this apparent contradiction, we carry out a detailed morphological study and an extensive literature search for additional information on the sample objects. Our results are as follows: 1. Of 22 "early type" objects, 17 are in fact misclassified spiral galaxies, one is a misclassified irregular, and one is a misclassified ring galaxy. 2. Of the 3 objects maintaining the early type classification, one (NGC2768) is a suspected merger remnant, another (NGC4589) is definitely a merger, and the third (NGC2274) is in close interaction. The presence of some amount of young stellar population in these galaxies is therefore not unexpected. These results confirm the presence of a limited, but significant, number of core collapse SNe in galaxies generally classified of early type. In all cases, anyway, there are independent indicators of the presence in host galaxies of recent star formation due to merging or gravitational interaction.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure, 1 table, accepted for publication in A&

Avaliação do índice de área foliar e índice de área da planta em floresta seca utilizando modelos simplificados em imagens de alta resolução com o uso de VANT.

O sensoriamento remoto tem possibilitado a aplicação de modelos para estimar variáveis ambientais, dentre eles o índice de área foliar (LAI) e o índice de área da planta (PAI), importantes para avaliação da sazonalidade da vegetação, principalmente em florestas secas. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o LAI e PAI na caatinga usando imagens aéreas de alta resolução obtidas com um veículo aéreo não tripulado (VANT). Em área de caatinga preservada foram realizados voos com o VANT acoplado com c âmeras RGB e RGN. Utilizou-se modelos para estimativa do LAI e PAI tendo como parâmetro de entrada o NDVI. Dados de LAI e PAI a partir do satélite Landsat-8 foram usados para comparação entre os produtos obtidos pelo VANT. A avaliação do NDVI ocorreu por regressão linear (R2=0,993), obtendo NDVI médio da Caatinga de 0,14 e 0,38 com os dados Landsat -8 nos períodos seco e chuvoso; 0,12 e 0,07 com a câmera RGB e RGN do VANT nos períodos seco e 0,65 e 0,27 para período chuvoso. Os dados LAI e o PAI (m 2 m-2) representaram bem a área em estudo, obtendo R2=0,992 e R2=0,993 para LAI e PAI, respectivamente. O LAI médio da Caatinga foi 0,19 (período seco) e 0,80 (período chuvoso) pelo Landsat-8; 0,26 e 0,14 com a câmera RGB e RGN do VANT nos períodos secos e 2,18 e 0,48 para o período chuvoso. Já o PAI, os valores médios foram 1,39 e 2,02 com os dados Landsat -8 nos períodos seco e chuvoso; 1,46 e 1,34 com a câmera RGB e RGN do VANT nos períodos seco e 3,42 e 1,69 para o período chuvoso. Desse modo, os modelos calculados com imagens VANT para estimativa do LAI e do PAI da caatinga podem ser aplicados em imagens de alta resolução espacial obtidas em câmeras multiespectrais acopladas em VANT, o btendo resultados satisfatórios

FGFR1 and PROKR2 rare variants found in patients with combined pituitary hormone deficiencies

The genetic aetiology of congenital hypopituitarism (CH) is not entirely elucidated. FGFR1 and PROKR2 loss-of-function mutations are classically involved in hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (HH), however, due to the clinical and genetic overlap of HH and CH; these genes may also be involved in the pathogenesis of CH. Using a candidate gene approach, we screened 156 Brazilian patients with combined pituitary hormone deficiencies (CPHD) for loss-of-function mutations in FGFR1 and PROKR2. We identified three FGFR1 variants (p.Arg448Trp, p.Ser107Leu and p.Pro772Ser) in four unrelated patients (two males) and two PROKR2 variants (p.Arg85Cys and p.Arg248Glu) in two unrelated female patients. Five of the six patients harbouring the variants had a first-degree relative that was an unaffected carrier of it. Results of functional studies indicated that the new FGFR1 variant p.Arg448Trp is a loss-of-function variant, while p.Ser107Leu and p.Pro772Ser present signalling activity similar to the wild-type form. Regarding PROKR2 variants, results from previous functional studies indicated that p.Arg85Cys moderately compromises receptor signalling through both MAPK and Ca2 + pathways while p.Arg248Glu decreases calcium mobilization but has normal MAPK activity. The presence of loss-of-function variants of FGFR1 and PROKR2 in our patients with CPHD is indicative of an adjuvant and/or modifier effect of these rare variants on the phenotype. The presence of the same variants in unaffected relatives implies that they cannot solely cause the phenotype. Other associated genetic and/or environmental modifiers may play a role in the aetiology of this condition

Erratum to: The study of cardiovascular risk in adolescents – ERICA: rationale, design and sample characteristics of a national survey examining cardiovascular risk factor profile in Brazilian adolescents

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