A OFERTA DA EAD NO INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE EDUCAÇÃO, CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE MATO GROSSO: UM OLHAR PEDAGÓGICO SOBRE A PRÁTICA DOCENTE

O presente artigo visa explicitar a prática pedagógica na Educação a Distância - EaD desenvolvida pelo Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso na perspectiva do Ensino Superior, mais precisamente no curso a distância de Licenciatura em Química. Busca-se evidenciar a visão pedagógica quanto à prática docente desenvolvida e o significado do curso no processo de formação docente, via pesquisa qualitativa com base na observação das práticas desenvolvidas pela UAB via IFMT. Como resultados fica perceptível que a EaD se constitui um caminho viável de educação, quando as questões geográficas impedem a realização de um curso presencial

Conhecimento do enfermeiro para identificação precoce da Injúria Renal Aguda

OBJETIVO Avaliar o conhecimento do enfermeiro na identificação precoce da Injúria Renal Aguda (IRA) em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, Unidade de Internação e Emergência. MÉTODO Estudo multicêntrico, prospectivo.Participaram do estudo 216 enfermeiros,por meio de questionário com 10 questões relacionadas à prevenção, ao diagnóstico e ao tratamento da IRA. RESULTADOS 57,2% não souberam identificar as manifestações clínicas da IRA, 54,6% não têm conhecimento da incidência de IRA em pacientes internados na UTI, 87,0% dos enfermeiros não souberam responder ao índice de mortalidade de IRA em pacientes internados na UTI, 67,1% responderam incorretamente que aumentos discretos da creatinina sérica não têm impacto na mortalidade, 66,8% responderam incorretamente à questão sobre as medidas de prevenção da IRA, 60,4% acertaram quando responderam que não é recomendada a utilização de diuréticos de alça na prevenção da IRA, 77,6% acertaram ao responder que IRA não caracteriza necessidade de hemodiálise e 92,5% disseram não conhecer a classificação AKIN. CONCLUSÃO Enfermeiros não têm conhecimento suficiente para a identificação precoce da IRA, mostrando a importância de programas de capacitação nesta área do conhecimento.OBJETIVO Evaluar el conocimiento del enfermero en la identificación precoz de la Insuficiencia Renal Aguda (IRA) en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Unidad de Estancia Hospitalaria y Urgencias. MÉTODO Estudio multicéntrico, prospectivo.Participaron en el estudio 216 enfermeros, mediante cuestionario con 10 preguntas relacionadas con la prevención, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la IRA. RESULTADOS el 57,2% no supieron identificar las manifestaciones clínicas de la IRA, el 54,6% no tienen conocimiento de la incidencia de IRA en pacientes ingresados en la UCI, el 87,0% de los enfermeros no supieron responder al índice de mortalidad de IRA en pacientes ingresados en la UCI, el 67,1% respondieron incorrectamente que aumentos discretos de la creatinina sérica no tienen impacto en la mortalidad, el 66,8% respondieron incorrectamente a la pregunta acerca de las medidas de prevención a la IRA, el 60,4% acertaron cuando respondieron que no se recomienda la utilización de diuréticos de asa en la prevención de la IRA, el 77,6% acertaron al responder que la IRA no caracteriza necesidad de hemodiálisis y el 92,5% dijeron no conocer la clasificación AKIN. CONCLUSIÓN Enfermeros no tienen conocimiento suficiente para la identificación precoz de la IRA, mostrando la importancia de programas de capacitación en esa área del conocimiento.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the knowledgeof nurses on early identification of acute kidney injury (AKI) in intensive care, emergency and hospitalization units. METHOD A prospective multi-center study was conducted with 216 nurses, using a questionnaire with 10 questions related to AKI prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. RESULTS 57.2% of nurses were unable to identify AKI clinical manifestations, 54.6% did not have knowledge of AKI incidence in patients admitted to the ICU, 87.0% of the nurses did not know how to answer as regards the AKI mortality rate in patients admitted to the ICU, 67.1% answered incorrectly that slight increases in serum creatinine do not have an impact on mortality, 66.8% answered incorrectly to the question on AKI prevention measures, 60.4% answered correctly that loop diuretics for preventing AKI is not recommended, 77.6% answered correctly that AKI does not characterize the need for hemodialysis, and 92.5% said they had no knowledge of the Acute Kidney Injury Networkclassification. CONCLUSION Nurses do not have enough knowledge to identify early AKI, demonstrating the importance of qualification programs in this field of knowledge

Pediatric tuberculosis in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro

Aim: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, diagnostic approach, and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) in children living in a high-burden metropolitan area. Methods: This was a retrospective study, based on a medical chart review, involving children under 15 years old treated for TB between 2007 and 2016, in four primary health units (PHU) and three reference centers (RC) in five cities of Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area. Factors associated with TB treatment setting, microbiological diagnosis, and treatment outcomes were evaluated. Results: A total of 544 children were enrolled; 71% were treated in PHU, 36% were under 5 years old, and 72% had pulmonary TB (PTB). The HIV prevalence was 10% (31/322). Fifty-three percent had at least one microbiological test for TB, 68% of them (196/287) had TB confirmed. Among 222 children with previous TB contact, information on LTBI was available for 78 (35%), and only 17% (13/78) were treated. Extrapulmonary TB (56% vs 32%), microbiologically confirmed TB (77% vs 60%), and HIV positivity (18.5% vs 4.0%) were significantly more frequent in RC. Treatment in RC (odds ratio (OR) 3.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.74–5.44) and PTB (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.34–4.56) were independently associated with a microbiological diagnosis of TB. The treatment success rate was 85%. In the logistic regression analysis, HIV-infected children had a 2.5-fold higher risk of an unfavorable outcome (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.0–6.38; p = 0.05). Conclusions: Opportunities for TB prevention and early TB treatment are missed due to suboptimal close contact screening. Microbiological diagnosis of TB and drug susceptibility testing in children should be made available through more sensitive and accessible tests

Highlights of the Brazilian Thoracic Association guidelines for interstitial lung diseases

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are heterogeneous disorders, involving a large number of conditions, the approach to which continues to pose an enormous challenge for pulmonologists. The 2012 Brazilian Thoracic Association ILD Guidelines were established in order to provide Brazilian pulmonologists with an instrument that can facilitate the management of patients with ILDs, standardizing the criteria used for the diagnosis of different conditions and offering guidance on the best treatment in various situations. The objective of this article was to briefly describe the highlights of those guidelines.As doenças pulmonares intersticiais (DPIs) são afecções heterogêneas, envolvendo um elevado número de condições, cuja abordagem ainda é um grande desafio para o pneumologista. As Diretrizes de DPIs da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia, publicadas em 2012, foram estabelecidas com o intuito de fornecer aos pneumologistas brasileiros um instrumento que possa facilitar a abordagem dos pacientes com DPIs, padronizando-se os critérios utilizados para a definição diagnóstica das diferentes condições, além de orientar sobre o melhor tratamento nas diferentes situações. Esse artigo teve como objetivo descrever resumidamente os principais destaques dessas diretrizes.Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Hospital das ClínicasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Curso de Pós-Graduação de Doenças Pulmonares IntersticiaisUniversidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto AlegreSanta Casa de Porto Alegre Ambulatório de Doenças IntersticiaisSES Hospital Regional da Asa Norte Serviço de Doenças TorácicasFundação Jorge Duprat Figueiredo de Segurança e Medicina do Trabalho Serviço de MedicinaUniversidade Estadual de Campinas Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Departamento de Clínica MédicaUniversidade Federal do Estado do Rio de JaneiroUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de PatologiaHospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo Serviço de Anatomia PatológicaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Divisão de PneumologiaUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina Departamento de Clínica MédicaUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina Hospital UniversitárioHospital de Messejana Ambulatório de Doenças IntersticiaisHospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo Ambulatório de Doenças IntersticiaisUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Instituto do CoraçãoUniversidade Federal FluminenseUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de MedicinaHospital Sírio Libanês Núcleo Avançado de TóraxUniversidade Federal da BahiaHospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São PauloHospital do Câncer Antônio Cândido CamargoUNIFESP, EPM, Curso de Pós-Graduação de Doenças Pulmonares IntersticiaisUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de PatologiaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Highlights of the Brazilian Thoracic Association guidelines for interstitial lung diseases

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are heterogeneous disorders, involving a large number of conditions, the approach to which continues to pose an enormous challenge for pulmonologists. The 2012 Brazilian Thoracic Association ILD Guidelines were established in order to provide Brazilian pulmonologists with an instrument that can facilitate the management of patients with ILDs, standardizing the criteria used for the diagnosis of different conditions and offering guidance on the best treatment in various situations. The objective of this article was to briefly describe the highlights of those guidelines.As doenças pulmonares intersticiais (DPIs) são afecções heterogêneas, envolvendo um elevado número de condições, cuja abordagem ainda é um grande desafio para o pneumologista. As Diretrizes de DPIs da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia, publicadas em 2012, foram estabelecidas com o intuito de fornecer aos pneumologistas brasileiros um instrumento que possa facilitar a abordagem dos pacientes com DPIs, padronizando-se os critérios utilizados para a definição diagnóstica das diferentes condições, além de orientar sobre o melhor tratamento nas diferentes situações. Esse artigo teve como objetivo descrever resumidamente os principais destaques dessas diretrizes.28229

A receptor-mediated landscape of druggable and targeted nanomaterials for gliomas

Gliomas are the most common type of brain cancer, and among them, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent (about 60% of cases) and the most aggressive type of primary brain tumor. The treatment of GBM is a major challenge due to the pathophysiological characteristics of the disease, such as the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents and regulates the passage of substances from the bloodstream to the brain parenchyma, making many of the chemotherapeutics currently available not able to reach the brain in therapeutic concentrations, accumulating in non-target organs, and causing considerable adverse effects for the patient. In this scenario, nanocarriers emerge as tools capable of improving the brain bioavailability of chemotherapeutics, in addition to improving their biodistribution and enhancing their uptake in GBM cells. This is possible due to its nanometric size and surface modification strategies, which can actively target nanocarriers to elements overexpressed by GBM cells (such as transmembrane receptors) related to aggressive development, drug resistance, and poor prognosis. In this review, an overview of the most frequently overexpressed receptors in GBM cells and possible approaches to chemotherapeutic delivery and active targeting using nanocarriers will be presented

Acarofauna present in organic strawberry fields and associated weed species in southern Brazil

25 Pags.- 8 Tabls. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.The presence of weeds in the margins of strawberry crops can enhance populations of predatory mites as a measure to support conservation biological control. The aims of this study were (i) to assess the composition of the acarofauna associated with strawberries and the accompanying herbaceous plants in an organic farming system, and (ii) to evaluate the possible relationships between phytophagous and predatory mites occurring in this system. Strawberry leaves and whole plants of weeds were sampled biweekly from August 2014 to February 2015 in Lapa (Paraná, Brazil). In total, 23 weed species belonging to 10 families were identified; 3768 mite individuals (from 15 families and 4 suborders) were recovered, 77% on strawberries and 23% on weeds. Abundance of predatory mites on weeds was greater than on strawberry cultivars. On strawberries, the most abundant family was Tetranychidae (84%) followed by Phytoseiidae (11.6%). In total, 16 predatory mite species from the Phytoseiidae family were identified, 13 of them occurring on strawberry leaflets. Typholodromalus aripo, Neoseiulus californicus and Typhlodromips mangleae were the most abundant mite species on strawberry leaves. On weeds, most individuals were predatory mites (59%), whereas phytophagous mites represented 17.2%. The most abundant family was Phytoseiidae (36.4%). On weeds, the phytoseiid mite T. aripo was the most abundant species, representing 34.7%. Besides being found on strawberry leaflets, T. aripo was associated with 15 weed species. Among the weeds, Bidens pilosa showed the highest values of the Shannon index (1.97), Margalef index (3.04), and Pielou’s evenness index (0.95). This study emphasizes the importance of surrounding weeds as a shelter for beneficial mitefauna in strawberry fields, likely contributing to enhance conservation biological control.No funding was received for conducting this study.Peer reviewe