Towards a review of the decapod crustacea from the remote oceanic archipelago of Trindade and Martin Vaz, south Atlantic Ocean: new records and notes on ecology and zoogeography

The remoteness of the Trindade and Martin Vaz young volcanic archipelago (TMV) raises questions about the source of its marine benthic fauna and levels of endemism. Addressing these questions requires a comprehensive knowledge of the taxonomic composition of the marine fauna of the islands. A five-year survey in the shallow marine waters (up to 30 m) and a literature review on the data published for TMV have been conducted to document the biodiversity of the benthic fauna. Here we report on ten new records of decapod crustaceans from TMV: Gnathophyllum americanum and Thor amboinensis are circumtropical in distribution, whereas Stenopus hispidus, Gnathophylloides mineri and Parribacus antarcticus are disjunct circumtropical species as their distribution in the Atlantic Ocean is limited eastwardly to TMV or Ascension Island (S. hispidus), therefore, do not extending into the eastern Atlantic. Gnathophyllum circellum and Thor manningi are western Atlantic species, with G. circellum previously known only from the Caribbean Sea. Pontonia manningi, Tuleariocaris neglecta and Enoplometopus antillensis are amphi-Atlantic in distribution. Two of the above species are recorded from the southwestern Atlantic for the first time: Gnathophyllum circellum and Tuleariocaris neglecta. These new records corroborate that the marine benthic invertebrate fauna of the TMV archipelago is actually a mosaic of amphi-Atlantic, eastern Atlantic, central Atlantic (insular), endemic and circumtropical species, with a strong western Atlantic component

The Seminal Receptacles in Astacidea (Crustacea: Decapoda): Morphological Origin, Terminology and Phylogenetic Implications

O presente trabalho investiga a origem morfológica dos receptáculos seminais do táxon Astacidea, discute as terminologias utilizadas na denominação desses órgãos e sugere a utilização de alguns deles como sinapomorfias em filogenias. O estudo baseou-se na análise do esqueleto axial de espécies pertencentes ao acervo do Museu de Zoologia de São Paulo. Um total de dezessete espécies foram utilizadas: Enoplometopus antillensis Lütken, 1865, Homarus americanus H.Milne Edwards, 1837, Metanephrops rubellus (Moreira, 1903), Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus, 1758), Nephropsis aculeata Smith, 1881, Nephropsis agassizii Milne-Edwards, 1880, Nephropsis rosea Spence Bate, 1888, Nephropsis stewarti Wood-Mason, 1872, Orconectes limosus (Rafinesque, 1817), Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852), Astacoides betsileoensis Petit, 1923, Parastacus saffordi Faxon, 1898, Parastacus brasiliensis von Martens, 1869, Parastacus pilimanus (von Martens, 1869) Parastacus varicosus Faxon, 1898, Astacus astacus (Linaneus, 1758) e Pontastacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823). Os exemplares foram tratados com Hidróxido de Potássio (KOH) para maceração e remoção das partes moles do corpo, visando melhorar a observação dos caracteres morfológicos sexuais, e depois, foram submetidos a análises de tomografia computadorizada. Os receptáculos seminais de todas as espécies foram descritos a partir da interpretação das imagens geradas por tomografia e observações ao estereoscópio. Posteriormente, realizamos uma análise filogenética adicionando os caracteres morfológicos dos receptáculos seminais recém descritos, e utilizando como base o trabalho de Anhyong (2006). Foram obtidos 45 caracteres morfológicos em 21 táxons e o grupo externo composto pela espécie Neoglyphea inopinata Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1975. Obtivemos sete árvores com 112 passos. O índice de consistência (IC) foi de 53, e o índice de retenção (IR) foi de 68. Descrevemos pela primeira vez a presença de espermateca em oito espécies distribuídas em quatro gêneros, mostramos pela primeira vez novas estruturas nesses órgãos, como por exemplo, espinhos que supostamente fixam o material espermático e a presença do material espermático dentro de uma espermateca. O monofiletismo dos Astacidea (Homarida + Astacida) foi recuperado. Recuperamos também o monofiletismo de Astacida e Cambaridae. Para Homarida, sugerimos que a presença de espermateca (Senso Tavares & Secretan 1993) seja utilizada como sinapomorfia.The present work investigates the morphological origin of the seminal receptacles of the taxon Astacidea, discusses the terminologies used in the denomination of these receptacles and suggests the use of some of them as synapomorphies in phylogenies. The study was based on the analysis of the axial skeleton of species belonging to the collection of the Museu de Zoologia de São Paulo. A total of seventeen species were used: Enoplometopus antillensis Lütken, 1865, Homarus americanus H.Milne Edwards, 1837, Metanephrops rubellus(Moreira, 1903), Nephrops norvegicus (Linnaeus, 1758), Nephropsis aculeata Smith, 1881, Nephropsis agassizii Milne-Edwards, 1880, Nephropsis rosea Spence Bate, 1888, Nephropsis stewarti Wood-Mason, 1872, Orconectes limosus (Rafinesque, 1817), Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852), Astacoides betsileoensis Petit, 1923, Parastacus saffordi Faxon, 1898, Parastacus brasiliensis von Martens, 1869, Parastacus pilimanus (von Martens, 1869) Parastacus varicosus Faxon, 1898, Astacus astacus (Linaneus, 1758) e Pontastacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823). The specimens were treated with Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) for maceration and removal of the soft parts of the body, in order to improve the observation of sexual morphological characters, and then, they were submitted to computed tomography analysis. The seminal receptacles of all species were described from the interpretation of the images generated in the tomograph and the observations in the stereoscope. Subsequently, we performed a phylogenetic analysis by adding the seminal receptacles just described, and using the work of Anhyong (2006) as a basis. We obtained 45 morphological characters in 21 taxa and the outgroup was composed of the species Neoglyphea inopinata Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1975. We obtained seven trees with 112 steps. The consistency index (CI) was 53, and the retention index (RI) was 68. We describe for the first time the presence of spermatheca in eight species distributed in four genera, we show for the first-time new structures in these organs such as spines that supposedly fix sperm material and the presence of sperm material inside the spermatheca. The monophyly of the Astacidea (Homarida + Astacida) was recovered. We also recovered the monophyly of Astacida and Cambaridae. For Homarida, we suggest that the presence of spermatheca (Senso Tavares & Secretan 1993) be used as a synapomorphy

A revision of the Brazilian species of Lysmata Risso, 1816 (Decapoda: Caridea Lysmatidae), with discussion of the morphological characters used in their identification

Pachelle, Paulo P.G., Carvalho, Leina, Alves, Douglas F.R., Anker, Arthur (2020): A revision of the Brazilian species of Lysmata Risso, 1816 (Decapoda: Caridea Lysmatidae), with discussion of the morphological characters used in their identification. Zootaxa 4789 (1): 55-90, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4789.1.

TOWARDS A REVIEW OF THE DECAPOD CRUSTACEA FROM THE REMOTE OCEANIC ARCHIPELAGO OF TRINDADE AND MARTIN VAZ, SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN: NEW RECORDS AND NOTES ON ECOLOGY AND ZOOGEOGRAPHY

ABSTRACT The remoteness of the Trindade and Martin Vaz young volcanic archipelago (TMV) raises questions about the source of its marine benthic fauna and levels of endemism. Addressing these questions requires a comprehensive knowledge of the taxonomic composition of the marine fauna of the islands. A five-year survey in the shallow marine waters (up to 30 m) and a literature review on the data published for TMV have been conducted to document the biodiversity of the benthic fauna. Here we report on ten new records of decapod crustaceans from TMV: Gnathophyllum americanum and Thor amboinensis are circumtropical in distribution, whereas Stenopus hispidus, Gnathophylloides mineri and Parribacus antarcticus are disjunct circumtropical species as their distribution in the Atlantic Ocean is limited eastwardly to TMV or Ascension Island (S. hispidus), therefore, do not extending into the eastern Atlantic. Gnathophyllum circellum and Thor manningi are western Atlantic species, with G. circellum previously known only from the Caribbean Sea. Pontonia manningi, Tuleariocaris neglecta and Enoplometopus antillensis are amphi-Atlantic in distribution. Two of the above species are recorded from the southwestern Atlantic for the first time: Gnathophyllum circellum and Tuleariocaris neglecta. These new records corroborate that the marine benthic invertebrate fauna of the TMV archipelago is actually a mosaic of amphi-Atlantic, eastern Atlantic, central Atlantic (insular), endemic and circumtropical species, with a strong western Atlantic component

The physiological consequences of delaying metamorphosis in the marine ornamental shrimp Lysmata seticaudata and its implications for aquaculture

The timing of metamorphosis has recently been referred as a more suitable proxy to evaluate postlarval quality than size. Indeed, while displaying a larger size at settlement, late settlers that originate from larvae that have delayed metamorphosis commonly display poorer growth performances This delay in metamorphosis is possibly at the expenses of larval endogenous energetic reserves that, once allocated to facilitate the delayed transition to benthic life, will no longer be available to help fuelling early juvenile somatic growth. To further advance our knowledge on this topic, we evaluated the physiological status (energy reserves and allocation, aerobic and anaerobic energy consumption), along with biochemical responses related with detoxification processes, antioxidant defences, oxidative damage, neuromotor activity in early settlers (ES), middle settlers (MS) and late settlers (LS) of postlarvae of the marine ornamental shrimp Lysmata seticaudata. Our results revealed that LS postlarvae presented a higher weight compared to MS and ES, likely related with a lower metabolism and neuromotor activity. Yet, the low metabolism allied with diminished detoxification and antioxidant capacities seemed to result in an increased oxidative stress condition that may negatively condition the growth performance of LS postlarvae. Conversely, ES postlarvae presented a lower weight, likely because of high metabolic costs associated with increased neuromotor activity, detoxification, and antioxidant capacities to avoid oxidative damage. The present study highlights how the physiological, metabolic and biochemical status of L. seticaudata postlarvae is shaped by the timing of their metamorphosis, as well as how this event will shape their early benthic life and confirms that a larger size or weight at metamorphosis may not be good proxies to select premium seedlings for grow-out. Overall, metamorphosis is not a new beginning and does not reset larval history. Crustacean farmers should avoid decoupling larviculture history from grow-out, as only by knowing larval performance to metamorphosis will it be possible to enhance survival and growth performances to commercial size.publishe

AÇÃO DA ALOE VERA (BABOSA) NO REPARO TECIDUAL

A Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. é conhecida popularmente no Brasil como babosa

Heart Neoplasms in Children: Retrospective Analysis

FUNDAMENTO: Avanço dos métodos não invasivos de imagem proporcionou o aumento no número de diagnóstico de tumores cardíacos. Apesar disso, a literatura apresenta poucos trabalhos envolvendo tumores cardíacos primários em crianças. OBJETIVO: Avaliar retrospectivamente casos de tumores cardíacos primários em crianças, considerando manifestações clínicas iniciais, exames utilizados para o diagnóstico, indicação cirúrgica, tipos histopatológicos encontrados e evolução pós-operatória imediata. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi retrospectivo, baseado na avaliação de prontuários no período de 1983 a 2011. Incluímos somente casos que foram orientados para tratamento cirúrgico no período. Avaliaram-se a idade na admissão, o diagnóstico pré-natal, a história familial, os sintomas iniciais e os resultados de exames realizados. Foram coletados, ainda, a data e indicação de cirurgia, os achados intraoperatórios, o resultado do exame histopatológico, assim como as complicações imediatas no pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Dos 18 pacientes estudados, as manifestações clínicas mais encontradas foram dispneia e sopro cardíaco (7 e 6 pacientes, respectivamente); o método de complemento diagnóstico mais usado foi o ecocardiograma (18 pacientes); a obstrução cavitária ou do trato de entrada ou saída ventricular foi a principal indicação de cirurgia (12 casos); o perfil histológico mais encontrado foi rabdomioma (7 pacientes); a maioria dos pacientes apresentou boa evolução clínica. CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo o diagnóstico por imagem foi basicamente ecocardiográfico, com boa correlação com os achados intraoperatórios. Os achados histopatológicos foram concordantes com a literatura, com o rabdomioma apresentando-se como o tumor mais comum em crianças. A evolução após tratamento cirúrgico mostrou-se favorável na maior parte dos casos