6,339 research outputs found

    Effect of tillage and crop on arbuscular mycorrhiza

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    Large-scale inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is generally impractical in most regions and we have little understanding of the factors that determine inoculation success. Nevertheless, the ability to take full advantage of indigenous AMF for sustainable production needs to be developed within cropping systems. We used part of a long-term field experiment to understand the influence of tillage and the preceding crop on AMF colonization over the growing season. Arbuscular mycorrhiza colonization rate was more affected by treatment (tillage or the combination of crop and preceding crop) than by the total number of AMF spores in the soil. Conventional tillage (CT) had a statistically significant negative effect (P £ 0.05) on spore numbers isolated from the soil, but only in the first year of study. However, the AMF colonization rate was significantly reduced by CT, and the roots of wheat, Triticum aestivum, L, cv. Coa after sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., were less well colonized than were those of triticale, X Triticosecale Wittmack, cv. Alter after wheat, but the affect of tillage was more pronounced than was the effect of crop combination. Under no-till there was a significant increase in AMF colonization rate throughout the sampling period in both wheat and triticale,indicating that the extraradical mycelium previously produced acted as a source of inoculum. In general, triticale showed greater AMF colonization than wheat, despite the preceding crop being less mycotrophic. Under these experimental conditions, typical of Mediterranean agricultural systems, AMF colonization responded more strongly to tillage practices than to the combination of crop and preceding crop

    Biografía e Identidade: Aportes para uma Análise Narrativa

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    [Resumo] O artigo discute os recursos oferecidos pelos métodos biográficos na análise de trajetórias de vida, destacando as contribuições da hermenêutica, sobretudo a partir dos trabalhos de Paul Ricouer (Tempo e Narrativa) e Gadamer (Verdade e Método), sobre as interrelações entre as dimensões da experiência e a sua articulação simbólica nos auto-relatos, tomados como modalidades narrativas. Estas considerações teóricometodológicas são contextualizadas, em vários momentos do artigo, tendo como referência um estudo anteriormente realizado sobre trajetórias no campo ambiental, locus da pesquisa onde esta abordagem metodológica foi acionada[Abstract] This article discuss the resources offered by the biographic methods about life trajectory analysis, particularly by the contributions of hermeneutic think, focusing the works by Paul Ricouer (Time and Narrative) and Gadamer (Truth and method) on the interrelations between the experience and its symbolic articulation in the auto-relates, understanding as narrative way. These theoretical and methodological considerations are contextualizing, in several times in the article, having as reference a study previously realized about trajectories in the environmental field, research locus where this methodological view was applie

    Phenolics extraction from sweet potato peels: modelling and optimization by response surface modelling and artificial neural network

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    Sweet potato peels (SPP) are a major waste generated during root processing and currently have little commercial value. Phenolics with free radical scavenging activity from SPP may represent a possible added-value product for the food industry. The aqueous extraction of phenolics from SPP was studied using a Central Composite Design with solvent to solid ratio (30-60 mL g(-1)), time (30-90 min) and temperature (25-75 A degrees C) as independent variables. The comparison of response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) analysis on extraction modelling and optimising was performed. Temperature and solvent to solid ratio, alone and in interaction, presented a positive effect in TPC, ABTS and DPPH assays. Time was only significant for ABTS assay with a negative influence both as main effect and in interaction with other independent variables. RSM and ANN models predicted the same optimal extraction conditions as 60 mL g(-1) for solvent to solid ratio, 30 min for time and 75 A degrees C for temperature. The obtained responses in the optimized conditions were as follow: 11.87 +/- 0.69 mg GAE g(-1) DM for TPC, 12.91 +/- 0.42 mg TE g(-1) DM for ABTS assay and 46.35 +/- 3.08 mg TE g(-1) DM for DPPH assay. SPP presented similar optimum extraction conditions and phenolic content than peels of potato, tea fruit and bambangan. Predictive models and the optimized extraction conditions offers an opportunity for food processors to generate products with high potential health benefits

    NO-TILL PROVIDES THE OPPORTUNITY TO MANAGE UNDERGROUND INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI, WEEDS AND CROP PLANTS UNDER MEDITERRANEAN CONDITIONS

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    Early colonization of crop roots by arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is considered beneficial but its importance likely depends on the possible stresses faced by the host plant. Manganese toxicity is one such stress that AM can alleviate. Colonization initiated by extraradical mycelium (ERM) is faster than other sources of inoculum. No-till creates the possibility of encouraging inoculation via this source. At seeding time the ERM available for colonizing plants under no-till would have developed in association with previous crops or those weeds that germinated after the first autumn rain. However, the long, hot and dry summer under Mediterranean conditions might reduce the effectiveness of the ERM to colonize the new crop. The hypothesis that an intact ERM developed by weeds can affect the earlier AM colonization of wheat and alleviate Mn toxicity was tested in a pot experiment. Two mycotrophic (Ornithopus compressus L., Lolium rigidum Gaudin), and one non-mycotrophic (Silene galica L) weed species were grown for 7 weeks before being controlled with Glyphosate (the ERM remaining intact) or by mechanical disturbance (which also disrupted the ERM). Wheat was then planted and allowed to grow for 21 days. AM colonization, plant dry weight and shoot nutrient content were evaluated for both weeds and wheat. When an intact mycelium was present at the seeding of wheat (treatments with Ornithopus compressus and Lolium rigidum controlled by Glyphosate) there was a threefold increase in the AM colonization rate and growth of the crop compared with results for all the other treatments. The enhanced growth of wheat was associated with an alleviation of Mn toxicity, consistent with the hypothesis. However, there was a significant difference of the wheat growth after Ornithopus and Lolium (1.9 times), suggesting functional diversity within mycotrophic weeds and crops

    O projecto educativo e a cidade: o glocal

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    Esta comunicação resulta da reflexão que temos vindo a desenvolver acerca do valor do Projecto Educativo no conceito Cidade Educadora. Contemporaneamente, a educação reclama uma acção crítica dos agentes educativos, onde os saberes vários servem o progresso das comunidades, criando qualidade e melhoria das condições de vida, tornando a sociedade em sociedade cidadã. A cidade assume um papel essencial na educação dos seus cidadãos. A cidade transforma-se, solicita comportamentos e atitudes enquadradas pelo glocal, para garantir uma melhor inserção no espaço profissional, no espaço da cidade, enquanto valor das identidades individual e colectiva. Capacitando-as para se apropriarem de diversos papéis e para se relacionarem harmoniosamente com os diferentes contextos onde habitam.This communication stems from a reflection that we have been developing about the value of the Educational Project within the concept of Educational City. Contemporaneously, education calls for a critical measure of educational agents, where the different knowledge base serve the progress of various communities, creating quality and improvement of living conditions, transforming the society into a civic society. The city has a key role in the education of its citizens. The city transforms, calling for a behaviours and attitudes framed by glocal, to ensure better integration into the professional space, into the city space, while valuing of individual and collective identities. Enabling them to take ownership of the various roles and to relate harmoniously with the different contexts where they live

    Avaliação da, na e pela formação: interfaces entre o local e o global na educação de adultos

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    Esta comunicação pretende proporcionar um espaço de reflexão como processo de aprendizagem assente num sinal de desenvolvimento que se propõe capaz de atribuir sentido e significado ao timbre pessoal e colectivo. Enquadra-se numa perspectiva do aprender e do avaliar como processo dinâmico de qualidade, no decurso da aprendizagem e da formação dos cidadãos. Procura valorizar o aprender a ser crítico e criativo, enquanto vectores essenciais à educação e à avaliação compreensiva. Próprios a formas múltiplas de conhecimento, de pensamento, de ética e de moralidade, facilitadoras de uma relação de curiosidade para com os processos de aprendizagem, de avaliação e de formação, capaz de os promover, a partir de interfaces entre o local e o global.This Communication is intended to provide a space for reflection and a process for learning based on a proposed development sign that is proposed able to give direction and meaning to a personal and collective timbre. This is framed on a learning and evaluation as a dynamic and quality process along with the learning and training of citizens. I value the learning of being creative and critical, as essential vectors for education and comprehensive assessment. Inherent to diverse ways of knowledge, ethical and morality, which facilitate of a curiosity relationship of interest to the learning processes of able to promote them departing from interfaces between the local and global.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

    La administración pública del municipio de Bello y su gestión en clave de resultados, 2004 - 2014: "un caso de nueva gestión pública en el ámbito de los gobiernos locales"

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    Este artículo plantea el problema de ineficiencia e ineficacia de los gobiernos locales, con el objeto de ilustrar, a través del estudio de caso del municipio de Bello, prácticas del modelo gerencial de Nueva Gestión Pública, que pueden convertirse en instrumentos orientadores al logro de resultados -- El contexto en Colombia, permite evidenciar que la Constitución Política de 1991, introdujo grandes reformas como la descentralización y democratización de los niveles sub-nacionales, asignando más obligaciones de carácter social y nuevas cargas administrativas a los municipios, que en su mayoría no estaban preparados para enfrentarlas -- Entre los conceptos de administración pública y nueva gestión pública, que se abordan en el marco teórico, se define como categoría de análisis “la gestión pública orientada a resultados”, encontrando que la implementación de prácticas innovadoras, sumadas a los controles y la medición que el Gobierno Nacional hace a los municipios, incide directamente en los resultados de su gestión -- El análisis documental, las entrevistas y el análisis de indicadores, permiten documentar el caso, como transferencia de experiencias y nuevos conocimientos para entes territoriales similare

    Plano de comunicação integrada de marketing para a marca Talho de Confiança

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    Mestrado em MarketingAs empresas têm necessidade de comunicar com os seus públicos e de fazê-lo com eficácia. A comunicação integrada de marketing, através da coordenação e integração de todas as ferramentas de comunicação de marketing, permite que se maximize o impacto sobre os consumidores e outros utilizadores finais, a um custo mínimo (Clow e Baack, 2011, p.8). Neste projeto desenvolveu-se um plano de comunicação integrada de marketing para uma empresa no setor terciário, mais concretamente um talho. A primeira parte do projeto inclui uma breve revisão de literatura que inclui a definição do conceito, a definição do plano de CIM e alguns dos modelos existentes. O plano adota o modelo concetual de Henley (2001), uma vez que de todos os modelos analisados, pareceu ser o mais adequado e simples de utilizar. Os objetivos deste plano são: (1) aumentar a notoriedade da marca no ano de 2015, de forma a contribuir para um aumento de vendas estimado em cerca de 20%, (2) atrair novos clientes no ano de 2015 (aumentar o nº de clientes num valor estimado em cerca de 15%), (3) implementar um processo de rebranding alterando o nome da marca e criando uma imagem gráfica diferente para a mesma de forma a transmitir os seus valores, missão e posicionamento.Companies need to communicate with their audiences and they need to do it effectively. The integrated marketing communication, through the "coordination and integration of all marketing communication tools", allows you to maximize "the impact on consumers and other end users at a minimal cost" (Clow and Baack, 2011, p .8). In this project, we developed an integrated marketing communication plan for a business in the tertiary sector, specifically, a butcher. The first part of the project includes a brief literature review that includes the definition of the concept, the definition of the IMC plan and some of the existing models. The plan adopts Henley's (2001) Conceptual Model, which, among all the examined models, appeared to be the most suitable and easy to use. The objectives of this plan are: (1) to increase the brand awareness in 2015 in order to contribute to a growth in sales, estimated at around 20%, (2) to attract new customers in 2015 (leading to an estimated 15% increase in the total number of customers), (3) to implement a rebranding process, by changing the name and creating a different brand with a new graphic image, in order to communicate your values, mission and positioning

    Indicadores de saúde como medida de evolução do Plano Nacional de Saúde

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    Trabalho de projecto de mestrado em Medicina (Saúde Pública), apresentado á Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de CoimbraO Plano Nacional de Saúde (PNS), organizado e largamente discutido no princípio da década de 2000, teve a sua implementação em 2004 com metas estabelecidas para o ano de 2010. Considerado uma ferramenta estratégica, é cada vez mais utilizado como linha de orientação das diferentes políticas de saúde. Como objectivos definidos pretende obter ganhos em saúde, centrar a mudança no cidadão e garantir os mecanismos adequados à sua execução, sendo que para tal se desenvolveu todo um trabalho nos locais de proximidade com o utente. No entanto, a realidade vai mais além da elaboração e execução do PNS, sendo imperioso estabelecer metas e proceder à sua avaliação, de modo a deliberar o que está a ser correctamente aplicado e o que necessita de mudar. “Indicador de saúde”, pode ser definido como uma medida que nos fornece informação sobre a representação das diferentes realidades da saúde, permitindo quantificá-las, monitorizá-las e avaliá-las. Os indicadores de saúde do PNS têm em conta o cumprimento de determinados critérios (exequibilidade, fiabilidade, validade, serem ajustáveis à mudança e facilmente interpretáveis). Assim, ao estudarmos a evolução dos indicadores de saúde, procedemos à avaliação dos serviços prestados, nas mais diversas vertentes. O objectivo deste trabalho consiste em fazer uma análise da evolução dos indicadores de saúde associados ao PNS, tendo em conta os dados obtidos a nível nacional, desde a sua implementação até 2009. Será feita uma abordagem aos objectivos e metas do PNS e aos mais diversos indicadores associados às diferentes etapas. Através do estudo da informação recolhida, poderemos proceder a uma avaliação dos benefícios retirados do PNS quer para as instituições de saúde, quer para os utentes, bem como verificar a necessidade de proceder a alterações no futuro.The National Health Plan (NHP), prepared and widely discussed at the beginning of the 2000s, had its implementation in 2004, with targets set for the year 2010. Considered a tactical instrument, has been more and more used as a guideline of the different health policies. It aspires to obtain health gains, focus the change in the citizen and ensure appropriate mechanisms for its implementation, therefore, it has been developed an entire work in locals of proximity with the user. However, the reality goes further than the development and implementation of the NHP, being imperative to set goals and evaluate them in order to decide what is being correctly applied and what needs to change. "Health status indicator" can be defined as a measure that provides us information about the representation of the different realities of health, allowing quantifying, supervising and evaluating them. The NHP’s health status indicators have regard to the fulfilment of certain criteria (viability, reliability, validity, being adjustable to change and easily interpretable). In consequence, by studying the evolution of health status indicators, we can evaluate the services offered in several aspects. The aim of this work is to analyze the evolution of health status indicators associated to the NHP, accordingly to data obtained at a national level, between 2004 and 2009. It will be made an approach to the NHP’s targets and goals and to several indicators associated with different stages. Through the study of the collected information, we will be able to make an assessment of the benefits of the NHP for the health institutions and users, as well as the need to make changes in the futur

    O tradutor (Re)criador e a literatura infantil e juvenil

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    A tradução é uma ferramenta essencial ao serviço da literacia e do multiculturalismo, trazendo até nós obras e autores estrangeiros. Os tradutores têm um papel fundamental no cumprimento deste objectivo. Tendo como base "The Horse and his Boy" de C.S. Lewis, pretende-se analisar o papel do tradutor enquanto mediador cultural e as suas interferências na reposição do texto original noutra língua. Será feita uma reflexão sobre a literatura infantil e a forma como tem vindo a ser vista pelo mundo literário. Posteriormente, haverá uma análise relativamente aos modelos de tradução propostos por vários académicos e tradutores conceituados. Todos os modelos recaem sobre dois polos: ou numa aproximação do leitor ao texto fonte ou num aproximar do texto à língua e cultura alvo. Este trabalho apresenta uma reflexão crítica sobre o modelo de tradução que mais se ajusta à tradução de literatura infantil e juvenil estrangeira, tendo a obra de C.S. Lewis como caso de estudo; Abstract: Translation is a crucial tool regarding literacy and multiculturalism and it enables foreign works and authors to enter our lives. Translators play a fundamental role to achieve this goal. "The Horse and his Boy" by C.S. Lewis served as starting point to analise the translator's role as cultural mediator and their influence when rewriting the original text in other language. There will be a review on Children's Literature and the way it has been treated in the literary world throughout the years. Afterwards, translation models advanced by several academics and influent translators will be analyzed. All models focus on two poles: either bringing the reader into the source text or bringing the source text into the target language and culture. This work is a critic argumentation about the most appropriate translation model in the translation of foreign Children's literature, using C.S. Lewis's book as case study
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