El canto del allwakuy harawi como expresión musical de reparación psicológica de experiencias traumáticas generadas en contextos de conflicto armado interno y posconflicto en el Perú

Esta tesis estudia el allwakuy harawi como canto vivencial de tradición narrativa entonado por pobladoras ayacuchanas durante el conflicto armado interno entre 1980-2000 y posconflicto. Esta expresión musical cantada está en la memoria melódica colectiva y tiene un significado cultural con un sentido emocional o pathos, relacionado con el sufrimiento y profundo dolor, por la pérdida intempestiva de seres queridos, como el que experimentan sus cantoras. El objetivo de la presente investigación consiste en analizar de qué manera el canto del allwakuy harawi se constituye en una expresión musical con una función equivalente a la reparación psicológica de experiencias traumáticas generadas en dichos contextos. El trabajo se basa en el estudio del canto de seis pobladoras ayacuchanas tanto en contexto de guerra interna como de posguerra, ya sea a partir de entrevistas, como de fuentes mediales brindadas por la Defensoría del Pueblo. Para lograr tales objetivos se realiza un abordaje interdisciplinario. Desde la musicología se aborda el harawi como cultura, así como sus usos y funciones, de acuerdo a los postulados de Merriam, Nettl, Cavero, Romero y Montoya, entre otros. En cuanto a lo musical el allwakuy harawi se sustenta en la noción de modelo desarrollada por Simha Arom y otros. Los conceptos psicológicos se fundamentan en la teoría psicoanalítica, de acuerdo a las ideas de Freud y Klein desarrolladas por Segal, y recogidas por Laplanche y Pontalis, entre otros. Para analizar cómo se da la reparación psicológica se relacionan las variaciones melódicas que las cantoras realizan en su performance con la representación psíquica del trauma; la narrativa con la representación-palabra; y el sentido emocional de la performance con la función adaptativa. En el campo de la musicología no se han encontrado estudios que hablen de un canto denominado allwakuy traducido como, aullar-se o lamentarse, o que atribuyan de manera explícita una función de reparación psicológica a prácticas musicales cantadas en contextos de guerra interna y posguerra. Por lo tanto, este trabajo se considera pionero en el tema y resulta relevante en cuanto busca descubrir, reconocer y valorar saberes más profundos de la cultura andina.This thesis studies the allwakuy harawi as an experiential chant with a narrative tradition sung by women from Ayacucho, during the conflicto armado interno 1980-2000 and posconflicto. This chant is in the collective melodic memory and has a cultural meaning with a pathos, or feeling of deep sorrow and suffering related to the sudden loss of beloved relatives such as the women from Ayacucho experienced. The aim of this research is to analyze the way in which the chant of the allwakuy harawi becomes a musical experience, with a function equivalent to the psychological repair of traumatic experiences in those contexts. This work is based on the study of six women´s chants during internal war and postwar context, by means of interviews as well as audiovisual sources from the Defensoría del Pueblo. In musicology, the approach is to study the harawi as culture with its uses and functions, according to Merriam, Nettl, Cavero, Romero, Montoya and others. Concerning musical analysis, the allwakuy harawi is understood through the conceptual model developed by Simha Arom and others. The psychological concepts are based on the psychoanalytic theory by Freud and Klein, developed by Segal and collected by Laplanche y Pontalis and others. The main issue of this investigation is to analyze the psychological repair by relating the melodic variations made by the chanters with the psychic representation, the narrative with the word-representation and the emotional sense in the chanters’ performance with the adaptive function. In musicology there are no studies of chants like the allwakuy (translated as howl or lament) nor are there references to psychological repair functions assigned to vocal musical practices in war and postwar contexts. Therefore, this thesis is a pioneer of that topic and contributes to the discovery, acknowledgement and valuing of Andean cultural wisdom

Contribución al estudio de las comunidades rupícolas de la Cheilanthetalia marantho-maderensis y Androsacetalia vandellii en la Península Ibérica

An study on the Iberian Peninsula rocks comunities it is going on with dominantes by several species of the genus Cheilaruhes and Notholaena, from these the new associations of the Phagnalo saxatile-Cheilanthion maderensis alliance (Cheilanthetalia maranto-maderensis, Asplenietea trichomanis): Notholaeno marantae-Cheilanthetum guanchicae are proposed the first distinctive of the Bermejense Subsector (Rondefio Sector, Betica chorological Province) and the second Cheilantho maderensis-Cosentinietum velleae with is basically of the Betic distribution. Based on the bibliography and on our own data, a comparative analysis of the casmofitic comunities on the Cheilanthetalia maranto-maderensis order and Androsacetalia vandellii order are presented, taking into account their relationships with Phagnalo-Rumicetea indurati. Forthermore from this last one the association Phalacro- carpoSaxifragetum continent alis is also described.Se lleva a cabo un estudio de las comunidades rupícolas ibéricas presididas por diversas especies de los géneros Cheilanthes y Notholaena, proponiéndose dos nuevas asociaciones de la alianza Phagnalo saxatile-Cheilanthion maderensis (Cheilanthetalia maranto-maderensis, Asplenietea trichomanis): Notholaeno marantae-Cheilanthetum guanchicae, propia del Subsector Bermejense (Sector Ronderlo, Provincia Bética) y Cheilantho maderensis-Cosentinietum velleae, de distribución fundamentalmente bética. Con datos propios y otros bibliográficos, se hace un análisis crítico, a la vez que un estudio comparado, de las comunidades casmofíticas incluidas en los órdenes Cheilanthetalia maranto-maderensis (termomediterránea y silicíbasícola) y Androsacetalia vandellii (montana y supracrioro mediterránea, silicícola), analizando sus relaciones con las comunidades comofíticas de la Phagnalo-Rumicetea indurati. De esta última se describe la asociación Phalacrocarpo-Saxifragetum continentalis (Saxtfragion continentalis)

Fusión de sensores de bajo coste para la monitorización de dinámica de vehículos

[ES] La caracterización dinámica de vehículos, permitiendo obtener la posición y orientación espacial de un vehículo en cada instante de tiempo, es fundamental no sólo evaluar cómo se comporta dinámicamente el vehículo y de esa forma hacer los ajustes necesarios en sus componentes para conseguir unas prestaciones determinadas, sino que se trata de, junto con otros sistemas, ser capaces de guiar el vehículo y realizar incluso una “conducción inteligente”. La aplicación de sistemas de caracterización dinámica mediante el uso de sensores de bajo coste en vehículos terrestres es relativamente reciente y está en auge en los últimos años por el gran desarrollo de estos sensores. El presente trabajo presenta los desarrollos de una línea de investigación seguida por los autores que tiene como finalidad investigar las distintas posibilidades que ofrece la fusión de sensores para caracterizar dinámicamente un sistema móvil. El objetivo fundamental es conseguir desarrollar un sistema que pueda ser implementado sobre un vehículo y permita estimar la posición y orientación del mismo, proporcionando información del valor de sus estados en cada instante. Con ello, se pretende ser capaz de evaluar el comportamiento dinámico del automóvil. Se estudian diferentes técnicas para lograr la estimación de los estados de un sistema y se analizarán los distintos tipos de sensores que se pueden emplear para la toma de medidas y el proceso de fusión de los mismos. Todo ello, con la intención de desarrollar una herramienta que permita determinar, de la forma más precisa posible y con unos costes reducidos, aquellas variables que definen la dinámica de los vehículos: balanceo, cabeceo, guiñada, velocidades angulares, aceleraciones, etc.Luque Rodríguez, P.; Álvarez Mántaras, D.; García De Jalón, J.; Bueno López, JL.; Cardenal Carro, J.; Deribe Diaz, Á. (2016). Fusión de sensores de bajo coste para la monitorización de dinámica de vehículos. En XII Congreso de ingeniería del transporte. 7, 8 y 9 de Junio, Valencia (España). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 2565-2574. https://doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2015.3549OCS2565257

Assessment of the imprinting efficiency of an imide with a “stoichiometric” pyridine-based functional monomer in precipitation polymerisation

The efficiency of the stoichiometric non-covalent imprinting of the imide 2,3,5-tri-O-acetyluridine (TAU) with 2,6-bis(acrylamido)pyridine (BAAPy) as functional monomer due to their strong donor-acceptor-donor/acceptor-donor-acceptor (DAD/ADA) hydrogen bond array interaction has been evaluated by bulk imprinting. This study is the first to investigate the imprinting and template rebinding efficiencies of the TAU/BAAPy molecularly imprinted polymeric (MIP) system prepared by precipitation polymerisation. We found that the stoichiometric 1:1 T:FM ratio has not been maintained in precipitation polymerisation and an optimal TAU:BAAPy ratio of 1:2.5 was obtained in acetonitrile without agitation affording an affinity constant (1.7 × 104 M?1) and a binding capacity (3.69 ?mol/g) higher than its bulk counterpart. Molecular modelling, NMR studies, and selectivity assays against analogues uridine and 2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl cytidine (TAC) indicate that, aside from the DAD/ADA hydrogen bond interaction, BAAPy also interacts with the acetyl groups of TAU. Template incorporation and rebinding in precipitation MIPs are favoured by a moderate initiator concentration, ie, initiator:total monomer (I:TM) ratio of 1:131, while low I:TM ratio (ie, 1:200) drastically reduced template incorporation and binding capacity. Vigorous agitation by stirring showed higher template incorporation but significantly lower template rebinding compared to that prepared without agitation. While the imprinting efficiencies for the best performing bulk and precipitation TAU MIPs generated in this study were moderate, 41% and 60%, respectively, their rebinding capacities were only between 3 and 4% of the incorporated template. We also present quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as an efficient method for MIP characterisation

Mechanisms of defect generation and clustering in CH 3S Self-assembled monolayers on Au(111)

Periodic density functional calculations probe that step edges play a key role as source of defects during self-assembly. It is shown that the self-assembly process strongly reduces the energy required to strip an atom from the gold surface, locally increasing the concentration of surface defects. The thermodynamic driving force for the atom stripping is considerably more favorable along step-edge lines within the self-assembly than on the higher-coordinated terrace sites. Furthermore, the clustering of surface defects is considered, and we probe that the formation of aggregates of vacancies in the form of vacancy pits significantly stabilizes the self-assembly on the terraces of gold, where the role of the step edges is expected to be less significant. The high stability of pit-like structures arises from a balance between the corrugation and the enhanced bonding of defect-rich substrates. Our results demonstrate the important role that step edges play during assembly and could be very valuable for discovering defect-free assembled structures.Fil: Carro, P.. Universidad de La Laguna; EspañaFil: Torres, D.. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Diaz, R.. Instituto IMDEA Energía; EspañaFil: Salvarezza, Roberto Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Illas, F.. Universidad de Barcelona; Españ

Risk factors for suicidal behaviour in late-life depression: A systematic review

BACKGROUND Suicide is a leading cause of preventable death worldwide, with its peak of maximum incidence in later life. Depression often puts an individual at higher risk for suicidal behaviour. In turn, depression deserves particular interest in old age due to its high prevalence and dramatic impact on health and wellbeing. AIM To gather integrated evidence on the potential risk factors for suicide behaviour development in depressive older adults, and to examine the effects of depression treatment to tackle suicide behaviour in this population. METHODS A systematic review of empirical studies, published from 2000 onwards, was conducted. Suicidal behaviour was addressed considering its varying forms (i.e., wish to die, ideation, attempt, and completed suicide). RESULTS Thirty-five papers were selected for review, comprising both clinical and epidemiological studies. Most of studies focused on suicidal ideation (60%). The studies consistently pointed out that the risk was related to depressive episode severity, psychiatric comorbidity (anxiety or substance use disorders), poorer health status, and loss of functionality. Reduced social support and loneliness were also associated with suicide behaviour in depressive older adults. Finally, the intervention studies showed that suicidal behaviour was a robust predictor of depression treatment response. Reductions in suicidal ideation were moderated by reductions in risk factors for suicide symptoms. CONCLUSION To sum up, common and age-specific risk factors seem to be involved in suicide development in depressive older adults. A major effort should be made to tackle this serious public health concern so as to promote older people to age healthily and well

Using integrative samplers to estimate the removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in a WWTP and by soil aquifer treatment enhanced with a reactive barrier

The need and availability of freshwater is a major environmental issue, aggravated by climate change. It is necessary to find alternative sources of freshwater. Wastewater could represent a valid option but requires extensive treatment to remove wastewater-borne contaminants, such as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). It is urgent to develop not only sustainable and effective wastewater treatment techniques, but also water quality assessment methods. In this study, we used polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) to investigate the presence and abatement of contaminants in an urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and in soil aquifer treatment (SAT) systems (a conventional one and one enhanced with a reactive barrier). This approach allowed us to overcome inter-day and intraday variability of the wastewater composition. Passive sampler extracts were analyzed to investigate contamination from 56 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Data from the POCIS were used to estimate PPCPs' removal efficiency along the WWTP and the SAT systems. A total of 31 compounds, out of the 56 investigated, were detected in the WWTP influent. Removal rates along WWTP were highly variable (16-100 %), with benzophenone-3, benzophenone-1, parabens, ciprofloxacin, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen as the most effectively removed chemicals. The two SAT systems yielded much higher elimination rates than those achieved through the primary and secondary treatments together. The SAT system that integrated a reactive barrier, based on sustainable materials to promote enhanced elimination of CECs, was significantly more efficient than the conventional one. The removal of the recalcitrant carbamazepine and its epoxy- metabolite was especially remarkable in this SAT, with removal rates between 69-81 % and 63-70 %, respectively.The authors are grateful to Water JPI and the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) for the project MARadentro (PCI2019-103603), Consorci d'Aigües de la Costa Brava Girona (CACBG) for the access to the facility and water supply, to the staff of the Palamós WWTP for their help, and M.P. Serra-Roig for her help in the analysis of the samples.Peer reviewe