Delay of ejaculation induced by Bersama engleriana in nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Bersama engleriana (B. engleriana) leaves on the expulsion phase of fictive ejaculation in nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic male rats.MethodsThe electromyographic activity of the bulbospongiosus muscles was recorded in urethane anaesthetized, spinal cord transected rats receiving dopamine (0.1 μmol/L/kg) intravenously, in the absence or presence of aqueous and methanolic extracts of B. engleriana (2.5, 10, 50, 60, 75 mg/kg). In another experiment, the pro-ejaculatory effect of dopamine (0.1 μmol/L/kg, i.v.) was monitored in rats orally pre-treated with the aqueous and methanolic extracts (60 mg/kg) of B. engleriana for 1 or 4 weeks.ResultsResults of the study showed that the intravenous administration of B. engleriana did not provoke any contraction of the ejaculatory muscles whilst rhythmic and rapid contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscles accompanied sometimes by penis movement and expulsion of the urethral contents were recorded after dopamine application. The sequential treatment of animals with B. engleriana extracts (2.5-75.0 mg/kg) followed by dopamine (0.1 μmol/L/kg) resulted in a dose-dependent abolishment of the pro-ejaculatory response due to dopamine. However, in animals orally submitted to a daily gavage with B. engleriana extracts (60 mg/kg) for 1 or 4 weeks, the ejaculation stimulating effect of dopamine (0.1 μmol/L/kg) was significantly delayed (P<0.01) but not completely suppressed.ConclusionsPresent findings suggest the involvement of dopaminergic system in the activity of B. engleriana and further support its aphrodisiac potentials due to sterols and saponins revealed in this plant

A Pivotal Role of Lumbar Spinothalamic Cells in the Regulation of Ejaculation via Intraspinal Connections

Introduction.  A population of lumbar spinothalamic cells (LSt cells) has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in ejaculatory behavior and comprise a critical component of the spinal ejaculation generator. LSt cells are hypothesized to regulate ejaculation via their projections to autonomic and motor neurons in the lumbosacral spinal cord. Aim.  The current study tested the hypothesis that ejaculatory reflexes are dependent on LSt cells via projections within the lumbosacral spinal cord. Methods.  Male rats received intraspinal injections of neurotoxin saporin conjugated to substance P analog, previously shown to selectively lesion LSt cells. Two weeks later, males were anesthetized and spinal cords were transected. Subsequently, males were subjected to ejaculatory reflex paradigms, including stimulation of the dorsal penile nerve (DPN), urethrogenital stimulation or administration of D3 agonist 7‐OH‐DPAT. Electromyographic recordings of the bulbocavernosus muscle (BCM) were analyzed for rhythmic bursting characteristic of the expulsion phase of ejaculation. In addition, a fourth commonly used paradigm for ejaculation and erections in unanesthetized, spinal‐intact male rats was utilized: the ex copula reflex paradigm. Main Outcome Measures.  LSt cell lesions were predicted to prevent rhythmic bursting of BCM following DPN, urethral, or pharmacological stimulation, and emissions in the ex copula paradigm. In contrast, LSt cell lesions were not expected to abolish erectile function as measured in the ex copula paradigm. Results.  LSt cell lesions prevented rhythmic contractions of the BCM induced by any of the ejaculatory reflex paradigms in spinalized rats. However, LSt cell lesions did not affect erectile function nor emissions determined in the ex copula reflex paradigm. Conclusions.  These data demonstrate that LSt cells are essential for ejaculatory, but not erectile reflexes, as previously reported for mating animals. Moreover, LSt cells mediate ejaculation via projections within the spinal cord, presumably to autonomic and motor neurons. Staudt MD, Truitt WA, McKenna KE, de Oliveira CVR, Lehman MN, and Coolen LM. A pivotal role of lumbar spinothalamic cells in the regulation of ejaculation via intraspinal connections. J Sex Med 2012;9:2256–2265.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/93690/1/j.1743-6109.2011.02574.x.pd

Bestiarios. Silva de varia invención

157 páginas.Con el título Bestiarios se pretende aludir a toda esa genealogía que, a lo largo de su presencia en la Tierra, el ser humano ha concebido como un extremo de lo que él mismo es: la bestia que medra en su sino más íntimo. David Hume (apunte de Luis Villoro) afirmaba que todo acto de ficción partía, necesariamente, de lo ya conocido por hombre o mujer, por mayor que fuera su extravagancia. Si imaginamos un cíclope, pongamos por caso, ese cíclope (más allá de las alegorías que pueda suscitarnos) tiene un ojo; y ese bestial ojo es algo que ya existe como ojo en la realidad. Los cuernos demoniacos son cuernos, así como sus patas de cabrío. La bestia es, pues, un extremo de la realidad conocida, y es en esos extremos donde se centran los autores del presente libro. Así pues, el libro cuenta con obras de la imaginación pictórica, la cual, conjuntada con la imaginación que provee el ensayo (especulación teórica y metódica) da como resultado un producto atractivo e interesante Un halago a la inteligencia abierta.Carlos Gómez Carro, coordinador; Guzo, ilustrador; Nicolás Amoroso y Maximino Javier, obra gráfica

Effects of the intra-uterine administration of Montanoa tomentosa extracts upon Postpartum Metritis in the dairy cow

Montanoa tomentosa aqueous crude extract has been used for the last five centuries for the induction of labor, regulation of fertility, treatment of postpartum bleeding problems and to induce menses. In the present study, the hypothesis that the aqueous crude extract of M. tomentosa alleviates the metritis of dairy cows was tested. Adult Holstein Friesian dairy cows were diagnosed by gynaecological palpation as positive to postpartum metritis and single individual treatments of M. tomentosa or oxytetracycline were intra-uterine administered. Results showed that intrauterine administration of crude extracts of M. tomentosa alleviates the postpartum metritis without altering the ovarian activity. Present data reveal an emmenagogue action of the M. tomentosa extract in dairy cows that suffer postpartum metritis.Keywords: metritis, emmenagogues; dairy cows; Mexican plant; traditional remed

<it>Mondia whitei</it> (Periplocaceae) prevents and <it>Guibourtia tessmannii</it> (Caesalpiniaceae) facilitates fictive ejaculation in spinal male rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Mondia whitei</it> and <it>Guibourtia tessmannii</it> are used in Cameroon traditional medicine as aphrodisiacs. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the pro-ejaculatory effects of the aqueous and organic solvent extracts of these plants in spinal male rats.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In spinal cord transected and urethane-anesthetized rats, two electrodes where inserted into the bulbospongiosus muscles and the ejaculatory motor pattern was recorded on a polygraph after urethral and penile stimulations, intravenous injection of saline (0.1 ml/100 g), dopamine (0.1 μM/kg), aqueous and organic solvent plant extracts (20 mg/kg).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In all spinal rats, urethral and penile stimulations always induced the ejaculatory motor pattern. Aqueous or hexane extract of <it>Mondia whitei</it> (20 mg/kg) prevented the expression of the ejaculatory motor pattern. The pro-ejaculatory effects of dopamine (0.1 μM/kg) were not abolished in spinal rats pre-treated with <it>Mondia whitei</it> extracts. Aqueous and methanolic stem bark extracts of <it>Guibourtia tessmannii</it> (20 mg/kg) induced fictive ejaculation characterized by rhythmic contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscles followed sometimes with expulsion of seminal plugs. In rats pre-treated with haloperidol (0.26 μM/kg), no ejaculatory motor pattern was recorded after intravenous injection of <it>Guibourtia tessmannii</it> extracts (20 mg/kg).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results show that <it>Mondia whitei</it> possesses preventive effects on the expression of fictive ejaculation in spinal male rats, which is not mediated through dopaminergic pathway; on the contrary, the pro-ejaculatory activities of <it>Guibourtia tessmannii</it> require the integrity of dopaminergic system to exert its effects. The present findings further justify the ethno-medicinal claims of Mondia whitei and <it>Guibourtia tessmannii</it>.</p