Escape Room III Coronavirus Covid-19 en escolares de primaria de la isla de Fuerteventura en España

In the 2021/2022 academic year, home isolation continues to occur in primary schoolchildren as a result of COVID-19. In response to this situation, the Physical Education area produced the manuscripts Escape Room I and II "Coronavirus COVID-19" in primary schoolchildren. Under a Research-Action (I-A) design, both escape rooms were designed to improve nutritional habits and body competence for the health of pupils in the physical environment. Both experiences were academically very successful for the students, that is, through the development of these activities, improvements in healthier eating behaviours and body competence for health can be promoted from a physical point of view in primary school pupils. Therefore, this manuscript aims to develop the proposal of session III of the Escape Room in order to exemplify health education with educational content aimed at the mental and emotional sphere; primary and secondary emotions, resilience, self-esteem, motivation, breathing-relaxation and mindfulness.En el curso académico 2021/2022 se sigue produciendo aislamiento domiciliario en escolares de primaria derivado de la COVID-19. Para dar respuesta a esta situación desde el área de Educación Física surgieron los manuscritos Escape Room I y II “Coronavirus COVID-19” en escolares de Educación Primaria. Bajo un diseño de Investigación-Acción (I-A) se elaboraron ambos Escape Room dirigidos a la mejora de los hábitos nutricionales y competencia corporal para la salud del alumnado desde el ámbito físico. Ambas experiencias resultaron académicamente muy exitosas para el alumnado, es decir, a través del desarrollo de las mismas se pueden favorecer mejoras en las conductas alimenticias más saludables y competencia corporal para la salud desde una visión física del alumnado de Educación Primaria. Por ello, en el presente manuscrito se pretende desarrollar la propuesta de la sesión III del Escape Room con el fin de ejemplificar una educación para la salud con contenidos educativos dirigidos al ámbito mental y emocional; emociones primarias y secundarias, resiliencia, autoestima, motivación, respiración-relajación y atención plena (Mindfulness)

Program development using abstract interpretation (and the ciao system preprocessor)

The technique of Abstract Interpretation has allowed the development of very sophisticated global program analyses which are at the same time provably correct and practical. We present in a tutorial fashion a novel program development framework which uses abstract interpretation as a fundamental tool. The framework uses modular, incremental abstract interpretation to obtain information about the program. This information is used to validate programs, to detect bugs with respect to partial specifications written using assertions (in the program itself and/or in system librarles), to genérate and simplify run-time tests, and to perform high-level program transformations such as múltiple abstract specialization, parallelization, and resource usage control, all in a provably correct way. In the case of validation and debugging, the assertions can refer to a variety of program points such as procedure entry, procedure exit, points within procedures, or global computations. The system can reason with much richer information than, for example, traditional types. This includes data structure shape (including pointer sharing), bounds on data structure sizes, and other operational variable instantiation properties, as well as procedure-level properties such as determinacy, termination, non-failure, and bounds on resource consumption (time or space cost). CiaoPP, the preprocessor of the Ciao multi-paradigm programming system, which implements the described functionality, will be used to illustrate the fundamental ideas

Relationship between weight status and basal metabolism in schoolchildren: The moderating role of diet quality and physical activity

There is currently a scientific trend to study the association between energy balance and its impact on health from the earliest stages of life. The aim of this study was to examine whether diet quality and physical activity moderate the association between weight status and basal metabolism in a sample of Murcian primary schoolchildren aged 8-12 years. Basal metabolism was calculated according to height, sex, and weight, with fixed coefficients following validated formulae. Physical activity was measured with the Krece-Plus test; the KIDMED questionnaire was used to quantify diet quality and nutritional status was assessed by body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) adjusted for sex and age. The results obtained indicate that overweight schoolchildren had a higher basal metabolism than their normal-weight peers considering their diet quality and physical activity level (p.05). These results may be of particular interest to educational and health personnel since generating strategies to improve schoolchildren’s eating habits, especially towards higher diet quality, could be vital as a method to increase basal metabolic energy expenditure and their overall health

Impacto de la evaluación formativa en el estado de peso y calidad de la dieta en escolares de primaria:

Formative assessment is considered to be the engine of learning. Therefore, the aim was to analyse the relationship between weight status and diet quality with the formative assessment of the physical education teacher. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study on a sample of 122 schoolchildren. Two questionnaires were used: teacher performance associated with formative evaluation practices and the KIDMED questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed using the Body Mass Index (kg/m2).  The differential analysis showed no significant differences in formative evaluative practices considering weight status (p ≥ 0,05), diet quality (p ≥ 0,05) or the interaction of both (p ≥ 0,05). Bivariate or partial correlations analysis showed no significant relationship between Body Mass Index and mean diet quality score with formative assessment practices (p ≥ 0,05) with the exception of proactive formative assessment and diet quality (p < 0,05). Also, multivariate regression analysis found that being normal weight or overweight and having optimal diet quality were associated with a higher likelihood of having a proactive formative assessment (R2 = 0.155; p < 0,05). In conclusion, PE teacher's assessment practice does not appear to be related to weight status or diet quality; with the exception of proactive assessment.La evaluación formativa es considerada el motor del aprendizaje. Por tanto, el objetivo fue analizar la relación existente entre el estado de peso y la calidad de la dieta con la evaluación formativa del docente de Educación Física. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal sobre una muestra de 122 escolares. Se utilizaron dos cuestionarios: desempeño docente asociado a las prácticas evaluativas formativas y el cuestionario KIDMED. Por su parte, el estado nutricional se valoró mediante el Índice de Masa Corporal (kg/m2).  El análisis diferencial no mostró diferencias significativas en las prácticas evaluativas formativas considerando el estado de peso (p ≥ 0,05), la calidad de la dieta (p ≥ 0,05) o la interacción de ambos (p ≥ 0,05). Por su parte, el análisis de correlaciones bivariadas o parciales no arrojaron ninguna relación significativa entre el Índice de Masa Corporal y la puntuación media de la calidad de la dieta con las prácticas evaluativas formativas (p ≥ 0,05) a excepción de la evaluación formativa proactiva y la calidad de la dieta (p < 0,05). Asimismo, el análisis de regresión multivariado detecto que estar en normopeso o sobrecarga ponderal y tener una calidad de la dieta óptima se asocia con una mayor probabilidad de tener una evaluación formativa proactiva (R2 = 0.155; p < 0.05). En conclusión, la práctica evaluativa del docente de Educación Física no parece estar relacionada con el estado de peso o la calidad de la dieta; a excepción de la evaluación proactiva

Perfectionism and affect as determinants of self-perceived motor competence in primary school children

The aim of this study was to analyze the primary school students’ perception of their motor competence in the area of Physical Education, with respect to the affective domain and improvement. The sample consisted of 428 primary school students aged between 8 and 12 years (M=10.43; SD=0.837) (Castilla La Mancha, Spain). Perceived motor competence (PMC) was measured by the Perception of Competence Questionnaire (POC); perfectionism was measured by the three subscales of the Child Perfectionism Questionnaire, and, finally, affectivity was assessed by the PANAS (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) questionnaire. Positive correlations were obtained between all the dimensions of the PMC and self-improvement (p<.05). Significant gender differences were found in the PMC dimension Peers and Self-Experience, with higher scores in males (p<.05). Differences were also found in the PMC dimension Peers as a function of weight status, being lower in the overweight group (p<.05). Age was related to self-experience being higher the older one was (p<.05). A model was generated that explained 23.7% of PMC with the total dimension of self-improvement and weight status. Three distinct profiles, called high, medium and low self-improvement, were detected. These groups in turn showed an analogy in perceived motor competence, high, medium and low, the result also obtained in the regression analysis (p<.05). These results extend the relationship between perceived motor competence and self-improvement in primary school children and are potentially of interest to the fields of education and psychology

"Bailamos nuestra Isa". Ejemplo de una unidad didáctica para sexto de Primaria. "We dance our Isa". Example of a didactic unit for sixth grade of Primary school

There is a deficient use of dance in educational centres. Specifically the traditional children's dance. For this reason, in this manuscript an exemplification of a didactic unit "we dance our Isa" is carried out for the knowledge and development of the Isa; a Canarian dance that constitutes one of the three most important genres of the musical folklore of the Canary Islands since approximately the year 1700. This didactic unit is adapted to the sixth year of primary school and is based on the area of Physical Education. It includes five sessions based on the natural evolutionary method, which aims to improve pupils' communication and the structuring of their personality. These sessions are integrated into the general annual programme and are in line with the school's educational project. This didactic proposal aims to be a guide for the Physical Education teacher and to contribute to the development of one of the most important cultural manifestations of the Canarian people as well as to the integral development of the pupils.En los centros educativos existe un deficiente uso del baile. En concreto del baile infantil tradicional. Por ello, en este artículo se lleva a cabo una ejemplificación de una unidad didáctica “Bailamos nuestra Isa” para el conocimiento y desarrollo de la Isa, un baile canario que constituye uno de los tres géneros más importantes del folclore musical de las Islas Canarias desde, aproximadamente, el año 1700.&nbsp;Esta unidad didáctica está adaptada a sexto nivel de primaria y planteada desde el área de Educación Física. En la misma, se realizan cinco sesiones vertebradas por el método natural evolutivo, método que tiene la intención de mejorar la comunicación del alumnado, así como la estructuración de su personalidad. Estas sesiones están integradas en la programación general anual y en sintonía con el proyecto educativo del centro. Esta propuesta didáctica tiene como finalidad ser un guía para el docente de Educación Física y que contribuya tanto al desarrollo de una de las manifestaciones culturales más importantes del pueblo canario como al desarrollo integral del alumnado

Inferring determinacy and mutual exclusion in logic programs using mode and type analysis.

We propose an analysis for detecting procedures and goals that are deterministic (i.e., that produce at most one solution at most once), or predicates whose clause tests are mutually exclusive (which implies that at most one of their clauses will succeed) even if they are not deterministic. The analysis takes advantage of the pruning operator in order to improve the detection of mutual exclusion and determinacy. It also supports arithmetic equations and disequations, as well as equations and disequations on terms, for which we give a complete satisfiability testing algorithm, w.r.t. available type information. We have implemented the analysis and integrated it in the CiaoPP system, which also infers automatically the mode and type information that our analysis takes as input. Experiments performed on this implementation show that the analysis is fairly accurate and efficient

Neuraminidase-activated microglia compromise the viability of ependymocytes

Neuraminidase (NA) is a sialidase present in the envelope/wall of some virus/bacteria responsible for brain infections, such as flu, mumps or meningitis. The intracerebroventricular injection of NA in the rat brain provokes ependymal detachment and death, and an acute inflammatory process. Although inflammation reverses, ependymal lining is not regenerated. Complement system activation within the CSF contributes to ependymal damage, but is not the only cause (Granados-Duran et al, 2016). Here we aimed to investigate if microglial activation might also play a role. For this purpose we used pure isolated ependymocytes (Grondona et al, 2013) and ventricular wall explants, which were co-cultured with microglial cells, both in basal conditions and with agents that induce microglial activation: NA, LPS, or Pam3CSK4 (synthetic lipopeptide). The viability of the ependymal cells was assessed by trypan blue exclusion. The viability of isolated ependymocytes was reduced when NA or LPS were added to the culture, compared to controls without additives. In the absence of microglia, NA or LPS did not compromise viability significantly, indicating that microglia was involved in ependymocytes death. The addition of NA to cultured explants reduced ependymocytes viability only when microglial cells were present in the culture; a similar reduction was observed when LPS or Pam3CSK4 were added. Conversely, explants cultured in the absence of microglia did not suffer a significant decrease in ependymocytes viability upon NA addition to the medium. We hypothesized that cytokines released by activated microglia, such as IL1β or TNFα, could mediate ependymocytes death. RT-PCR performed in RNA obtained from pure ependymocytes confirmed the presence of IL1β and TNFα receptors in ependymal cells. Nevertheless further experiments are required to confirm this hypothesis. We conclude that microglia activated by NA mediates, at least in part, ependymal cell death, what might be relevant for neuroinflammatory diseases mediated by NA bearing virus/bacteria.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Interval-based resource usage verification: Formalization and prototype

In an increasing number of applications (e.g., in embedded, real-time, or mobile systems) it is important or even essential to ensure conformance with respect to a specification expressing resource usages, such as execution time, memory, energy, or user-defined resources. In previous work we have presented a novel framework for data size-aware, static resource usage verification. Specifications can include both lower and upper bound resource usage functions. In order to statically check such specifications, both upper- and lower-bound resource usage functions (on input data sizes) approximating the actual resource usage of the program which are automatically inferred and compared against the specification. The outcome of the static checking of assertions can express intervals for the input data sizes such that a given specification can be proved for some intervals but disproved for others. After an overview of the approach in this paper we provide a number of novel contributions: we present a full formalization, and we report on and provide results from an implementation within the Ciao/CiaoPP framework (which provides a general, unified platform for static and run-time verification, as well as unit testing). We also generalize the checking of assertions to allow preconditions expressing intervals within which the input data size of a program is supposed to lie (i.e., intervals for which each assertion is applicable), and we extend the class of resource usage functions that can be checked

Sized Type Analysis for Logic Programs (Technical Communication)

We present a novel analysis for relating the sizes of terms and subterms occurring at diferent argument positions in logic predicates. We extend and enrich the concept of sized type as a representation that incorporates structural (shape) information and allows expressing both lower and upper bounds on the size of a set of terms and their subterms at any position and depth. For example, expressing bounds on the length of lists of numbers, together with bounds on the values of all of their elements. The analysis is developed using abstract interpretation and the novel abstract operations are based on setting up and solving recurrence relations between sized types. It has been integrated, together with novel resource usage and cardinality analyses, in the abstract interpretation framework in the Ciao preprocessor, CiaoPP, in order to assess both the accuracy of the new size analysis and its usefulness in the resource usage estimation application. We show that the proposed sized types are a substantial improvement over the previous size analyses present in CiaoPP, and also benefit the resource analysis considerably, allowing the inference of equal or better bounds than comparable state of the art systems