Calculation and in-vivo measurements of diffusion coefficient with HP3He and 19F gases MRI: comparison between healthy and emphysematous lung tissue

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, leída el 25/10/2013Depto. de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y ElectrónicaFac. de Ciencias FísicasTRUEunpu

Nanoscale structural characterization of manganite thin films integrated to silicon correlated with their magnetic and electric properties

A detailed nanoscale structural characterization was performed on high-quality La0.66Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) thin films of different thicknesses and deposited by pulsed laser deposition onto buffered Si (100) substrates. A multilayered structure built of Y0.13Zr0.87O2 (YSZ) and CeO2 layers was used as buffer in order to optimize the manganite films growth. The stacking of the different layers, their morpholohy, composition and strains were analysed using different experimental techniques. In-situ characterization of the films, performed with reflection high-energy electron diffraction, revealed their epitaxial growth and smooth surfaces. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images showed sharp interfaces between the constituents lattices and combined with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis allowed us to determine that there was no ion interdifussion across them. The Fourier-Fast-Transform of the HR-TEM images was used to resolve the epitaxy relationship between the layers, resulting in [100] LSMO (001) // [110] CeO2 (001) // [110] YSZ (001) // [110] Si (001). The LSMO thin films were found to be ferromagnetic and metallic at low temperature regardless their thickness. The effect of strains and defects was only detected in films thinner than 15 nm and put in evidence by X-ray diffraction patterns and correlated with magnetic and electrical parameters.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figure

Relación entre el estrato socioeconómico y la forma como los individuos se comportan en contextos urbanos Una mirada a partir del análisis de la Encuesta de Cultura Ciudadana (ECC) de los años 2011, 2012 y 2013 aplicada a algunas ciudades de Colombia

Partiendo de la aproximación a algunas posturas teóricas que tratan de explicar el comportamiento de las personas, este trabajo aborda la relación que existe entre el estrato socioeconómico y la forma como los individuos se comportan en contextos urbanos. Esto, empleando como herramienta de información principal la Encuesta de Cultura Ciudadana (ECC) de los años 2011, 2012 y 2013 aplicada a algunas ciudades de Colombia, en donde se tiene en cuenta el desagregado del estrato socioeconómico y otros tales como: edad, sexo, nivel educativo y ciudades. Lo cual permite, a través de un análisis descriptivo univariado y la aplicación de un método estadístico multivariado: análisis de correspondencias múltiples (ACM) llegar a una serie de conclusiones sobre la incidencia del factor económico en el comportamiento de los individuos.Based on the approach to some theoretical positions that try to explain the behavior of people, this paper discusses the relationship between socioeconomic status and how individuals behave in urban settings. This, using as main information tool Survey Civic Culture (SCC) for the years 2011, 2012 and 2013 applied to some cities in Colombia, where I take into account socioeconomic and others factors such as age, sex , education and locations. This allows, through a univariate descriptive analysis and the application of multivariate statistical methods: multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) to reach a number of conclusions on the impact of the economic factor in the behavior of individuals.Politólogo (a)Pregrad

Use of room temperature ionic liquids for the selective fractionation of bioactive ketoses from aldoses

This work deals with the effective fractionation of bioactive ketoses, i.e. lactulose and tagatose, from their corresponding aldoses, lactose and galactose, in equimolar binary mixtures driven by room temperature ionic liquids, i.e. 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([EMIM][DCA]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methyl sulfate ([BMIM][MeSO4]), respectively. Under assayed conditions, tagatose was found to be 6-fold more soluble on [BMIM][MeSO4] than galactose; meanwhile lactulose was 3 times more soluble than lactose on [EMIM][DCA]. As an application example in a more complex sample, a lactose isomerization mixture containing in addition lactulose and monosaccharides was enriched in this ketose by using [EMIM][DCA]. Carbohydrates were then successfully recovered from the ionic liquid following an activated charcoal-based treatment. Overall, lactulose content was enriched from a 24% in the initial isomerization reaction mixture to a 62% in the purified sample. These experimental results demonstrated the potential of ionic liquids as green alternative solvents for the selective fractionation of bioactive ketoses from their corresponding aldoses in food and beverage production.Authors thank Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (projects AGL2009-11909 and AGL2011-27884), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (project CTQ2012-32957) and the European founding from FEDER program for financial support. L. Ruiz-Aceituno is supported by CSIC by a JAE-Pre grant, co-financed by the European Social Fund (ESF). C. Carrero-Carralero thanks Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) for a predoctoral contract.Peer Reviewe

Miocardiopatías infiltrativas. Aporte de la ecocardiografía

Infiltrative cardiomyopathies are characterised by the deposit of abnormal substances within the ventricular wall that cause stiffness and thus progressive diastolic dysfunction, which typically precedes systolic dysfunction. These conditions can be classified into two large groups, depending on their phenotype: those that simulate ischaemic heart disease or dilated cardiomyopathy, and those that simulate hypertrophic or hypertensive cardiomyopathy. The first group includes, sarcoidosis, haemochromatosis, and Wegener's granulomatosis, while the second group includes, amyloidosis, Anderson-Fabry disease, Danon disease, Friedreich's ataxia, myocardial oxalosis, and mucopolysaccharidosis. In this chapter, a description will be made of the most relevant aspects of the echocardiography approach into the most common infiltrative cardiomyopathies, highlighting the most notable findings that should make one suspect each one these diseases, and to establish the need to widen the study with other diagnostic methods. © 2019 Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascula

Reduced Salivary Lactoferrin Levels in Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease

Grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI22CIII/00042), CIBERNED (CB07/502, CB06/05/1111, PI2021/03), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PID2020-119978RB-I00) and the Andalucía-FEDER Program (UPO-1380913).S

Factors influencing the adoption of rfid technologies for inventory control in sme`s manufacturing in Bogota

Este estudio se realizó bajo el marco TOE (Tecnología, organización y entorno), analizando los factores que tienen en cuenta las PyMEs de manufactura de Bogotá, en el momento de tomar la decisión de adoptar o no los sistemas RFID como solución tecnológica para la administración y control de inventarios. Se diseñó y aplicó una encuesta a 55 PyMEs de manufactura para la recolección de datos y se elaboró un modelo de regresión logística binario donde los hallazgos indican que factores tecnológicos, como el costo, la complejidad y la disponibilidad de infraestructura son elementos que limitarían la decisión de adoptar la tecnología. Además, se evidenció que factores organizacionales como el volumen de inventario, el soporte de la organización y factores de entorno, como el apoyo del gobierno, serían los que impulsarían a las PyMEs para adoptar los sistemas RFID como aliado e innovación tecnológica para sus operaciones. Se concluye el trabajo, discutiendo las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas de los hallazgos de la investigación.This study was carried out under the TOE framework (Technology, organization and environment), analyzing the factors that the manufacturing SMEs of Bogotá take into account, when making the decision to adopt or not RFID systems as a technological solution for administration and inventory control. A survey was designed and applied to 55 manufacturing SMEs for data collection, and a binary logistic regression model was developed where the findings indicate that technological factors, such as cost, complexity and infrastructure availability are elements that would limit the decision of adopt technology. In addition, it was evidenced that organizational factors such as inventory volume, organizational support and environmental factors, such as government support, would be the ones that would drive SMEs to adopt RFID systems as an ally and technological innovation for their operations. The work is concluded, discussing the theoretical and practical implications of the research findings.Magíster en Gerencia de la Cadena de Abastecimiento VirtualMaestrí

Disturbed circadian rhythm and retinal degeneration in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

The circadian clock is synchronized to the 24 h day by environmental light which is transmitted from the retina to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) primarily via the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT). Circadian rhythm abnormalities have been reported in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether these AD-related changes are a result of the altered clock gene expression, retina degeneration, including the dysfunction in RHT transmission, loss of retinal ganglion cells and its electrophysiological capabilities, or a combination of all of these pathological mechanisms, is not known. Here, we evaluated transgenic APP/PS1 mouse model of AD and wild-type mice at 6- and 12-month-old, as early and late pathological stage, respectively. We noticed the alteration of circadian clock gene expression not only in the hypothalamus but also in two extra-hypothalamic brain regions, cerebral cortex and hippocampus, in APP/PS1 mice. These alterations were observed in 6-month-old transgenic mice and were exacerbated at 12 months of age. This could be explained by the reduced RHT projections in the SCN of APP/PS1 mice, correlating with downregulation of hypothalamic GABAergic response in APP/PS1 mice in advanced stage of pathology. Importantly, we also report retinal degeneration in APP/PS1 mice, including Aβ deposits and reduced choline acetyltransferase levels, loss of melanopsin retinal ganglion cells and functional integrity mainly of inner retina layers. Our findings support the theory that retinal degeneration constitutes an early pathological event that directly affects the control of circadian rhythm in AD.This study was supported by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI2021/00679; PI22CIII/00042), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (2022/0068), FEDER, and CIBERNED (CB07/502, PI2021/03).S

Disturbed circadian rhythm and retinal degeneration in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

The circadian clock is synchronized to the 24 h day by environmental light which is transmitted from the retina to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) primarily via the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT). Circadian rhythm abnormalities have been reported in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether these AD-related changes are a result of the altered clock gene expression, retina degeneration, including the dysfunction in RHT transmission, loss of retinal ganglion cells and its electrophysiological capabilities, or a combination of all of these pathological mechanisms, is not known. Here, we evaluated transgenic APP/PS1 mouse model of AD and wild-type mice at 6- and 12-month-old, as early and late pathological stage, respectively. We noticed the alteration of circadian clock gene expression not only in the hypothalamus but also in two extra-hypothalamic brain regions, cerebral cortex and hippocampus, in APP/PS1 mice. These alterations were observed in 6-month-old transgenic mice and were exacerbated at 12 months of age. This could be explained by the reduced RHT projections in the SCN of APP/PS1 mice, correlating with downregulation of hypothalamic GABAergic response in APP/PS1 mice in advanced stage of pathology. Importantly, we also report retinal degeneration in APP/PS1 mice, including Aβ deposits and reduced choline acetyltransferase levels, loss of melanopsin retinal ganglion cells and functional integrity mainly of inner retina layers. Our findings support the theory that retinal degeneration constitutes an early pathological event that directly affects the control of circadian rhythm in AD

Differentially Aquaporin 5 Expression in Submandibular Glands and Cerebral Cortex in Alzheimer’s Disease

Impaired brain clearance mechanisms may result in the accumulation of aberrant proteins that define Alzheimer's disease (AD). The water channel protein astrocytic aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is essential for brain amyloid-beta clearance, but it is known to be abnormally expressed in AD brains. The expression of AQPs is differentially regulated during diverse brain injuries, but, whereas AQP4 expression and function have been studied in AD, less is known about AQP5. AQP5 functions include not only water transport but also cell migration mediated by cytoskeleton regulation. Moreover, AQP5 has been reported to be expressed in astrocytes, which are regulated after ischemic and traumatic injury. Additionally, AQP5 is particularly abundant in the salivary glands suggesting that it may be a crucial factor in gland dysfunction associated with AD. Herein, we aim to determine whether AQP5 expression in submandibular glands and the brain was altered in AD. First, we demonstrated impaired AQP5 expression in submandibular glands in APP/PS1 mice and AD patients. Subsequently, we observed that AQP5 expression was upregulated in APP/PS1 cerebral cortex and confirmed its expression both in astrocytes and neurons. Our findings propose AQP5 as a significant role player in AD pathology, in addition to AQP4, representing a potential target for the treatment of AD