La música en España durante la Guerra de la Independencia: la cultura musical madrileña 1808-1814.

La música en España durante la Guerra de la Independencia: la cultura musical madrileña 1808-1814 es un trabajo de investigación en el que se pretende trazar un panorama de la producción, la recepción y la enseñanza de la música en un determinado periodo histórico, en concreto durante la Guerra de la Independencia. El análisis de fuentes bibliográficas y hemerográficas ha sido el punto de partida para realizar el análisis de la situación musical en el periodo estudiado. Se ha centrado el trabajo en diferentes aspectos tales como: Las noticias musicales aparecidas en la prensa periódica, principalmente en el Diario de Madrid. Esta parte permite analizar no solo las críticas o la producción de carácter popular, también implica un análisis de la cartelera teatral del momento estudiado a través de la cual no solo se refleja el gusto del público, sino que también las tendencias europeas y la capacidad de adaptación a las mismas de España. Gracias al exhaustivo análisis del Diario de Madrid entre 1808 y 1814 permite aportar 140 noticias de carácter musical nuevas al trabajo realizado en 2007 por Yolanda Acker. La impresión de obras musicales. Permite ver el comportamiento del público, conocer la realidad musical europea y cómo se recibe en una sociedad en guerra y con un alto grado de analfabetismo. El desarrollo de nuevos escenarios musicales: ya no solo se acude al teatro para ver representaciones musicales, se extienden los café conciertos y la música de salón, propia de la burguesía abandona las casas particulares para realizarse en sociedades, con presencia de alumnos y profesores, significando la profesionalidad cada vez mayor de este arte. Enseñanza musical: en un periodo en el que aparentemente los dirigentes prestaron poca atención a la disciplina, surgen reformas educativas en las que la enseñanza de la música es relevante a la vez que a imitación de países como Francia se propone la construcción de conservatorios y academias en los que se enseñe de manera profesional la música

Could recently locally extinct population patches of Astragalus nitidiflorus regenerate from the soil seed bank?

Persistence, distribution and dynamics of Astragalus nitidiflorus soil seed bank, a critically endangered species of southern Spain, were studied during four consecutive years to determine their importance to regenerate locally extinct patches of the only known A. nitidiflorus population worldwide. The spatial distribution of seeds on the ground was highly influenced by the presence or absence of adult plants and by the indehiscent character of the fruit. Results showed that most seeds were present in the surface layer, inside fruit and close to the mother plant. Seed longevity was low in general, but higher for seeds protected by fruit than for single ones after two years of burial. We discuss our results in relation with other patterns of seed dispersal or viability in arid environments, that are generally characterized by high spatial and temporal variability with a short–range dispersal. We concluded that this species is able to form a short–term persistent soil seed bank strongly influenced by environmental factors and population fluctuations. Based on these results, natural regeneration of patches locally extinct some years ago is unlikely from the soil seed bank and recovery should be attempted by sowing seeds or planting new specimens.This work was financed by the ‘Consejería de Agricultura y Agua de la Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia’ and the ‘Fundación Séneca de la Región de Murcia (1186/PI/09)’

Clinical measurement of tooth wear: tooth Wear Indices

Attrition, erosion, and abrasion result in alterations to the tooth and manifest as tooth wear. Each classification corresponds to a different process with specific clinical features. Classifications made so far have no accurate prevalence data because the indexes do not necessarily measure a specific etiology, or because the study populations can be diverse in age and characteristics. Tooth wears (attrition, erosion and abrasion) is perceived internationally as a growing problem. However, the interpretation and comparison of clinical and epidemiological studies, it is increasingly difficult because of differences in terminology and the large number of indicators/indices that have been developed for the diagnosis, classification and monitoring of the loss of dental hard tissue. These indices have been designed to identify increasing severity and are usually numerical, none have universal acceptance, complicating the evaluation of the true increase in prevalence reported. This article considers the ideal requirements for an erosion index. A literature review is conducted with the aim of analyzing the evolution of the indices used today and discuss whether they meet the clinical needs and research in dentistr

Ciclo de vida de Allium chrysonemum y efecto de la temperatura de almacenamiento sobre la floración

Allium chrysonemum es una especie endémica del sudeste ibérico catalogada como vulnerable en el Catálogo Regional de Flora Silvestre Protegida de la Región de Murcia. Se ha estudiado el desarrollo y fenología de los bulbos procedentes de Calasparra obtenidos de semilla y la influencia de la temperatura de almacenaje sobre la emergencia del escapo floral, aspectos importantes para hacer reintroducciones en campo. Se estudió el desarrollo morfofenológico de los bulbos durante 2009‐2012. Los bulbos extraídos en 2011 se almacenaron a 5°C, 10°C y 22°C. Los resultados muestran un lógico incremento de peso de los bulbos con los años. Ya en el segundo ciclo de cultivo se inició la floración de algunos bulbos (16%), dándose una floración plena durante el tercer ciclo (99%). En este tercer ciclo de cultivo el 10% de los bulbos forman bulbillos, de los cuales el 37,5% desarrolló a su vez el escapo floral. En cuanto al efecto de la temperatura de almacenamiento de los bulbos, el 100% de los conservados a 22ºC brotaron durante el almacenamiento, mientras que a 5ºC y a 10°C lo hicieron el 70% y 81% respectivamente. La conservación a bajas temperaturas provocó una disminución gradual en el tiempo de emergencia del escapo floral. Por otro lado, los bulbos almacenados a bajas temperaturas florecieron con tan sólo 4 hojas, mientras que los conservados a 22ºC lo hicieron con 6 hojas. El almacenamiento a bajas temperaturas ayuda a evitar floraciones tardías y por tanto disminuye el riesgo de fallo reproductivo en veranos muy secos.ofrecida por mis compañeras y amigas Naveira, D. y Rosique, M. A así como a Solano, F.J

Noninvasive early detection of colorectal cancer by hypermethylation of the LINC00473 promoter in plasma cell-free DNA

Background Current noninvasive assays have limitations in the early detection of colorectal cancer. We evaluated the clinical utility of promoter methylation of the long noncoding RNA LINC00473 as a noninvasive biomarker to detect colorectal cancer and associated precancerous lesions. Methods We evaluated the epigenetic regulation of LINC00473 through promoter hypermethylation in colorectal cancer cell lines using bisulfite genomic sequencing and expression analyses. DNA methylation of LINC00473 was analyzed in primary colorectal tumors using 450K arrays and RNA-seq from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Tissue-based findings were validated in several independent cohorts of colorectal cancer and advanced colorectal polyp patients by pyrosequencing. We explored the clinical utility of LINC00473 methylation for the early detection of colorectal cancer in plasma cell-free DNA by quantitative methylation-specific PCR and droplet digital PCR. Results LINC00473 showed transcriptionally silencing due to promoter hypermethylation in colorectal cancer cell lines and primary tumors. Methylation of the LINC00473 promoter accurately detected primary colorectal tumors in two independent clinical cohorts, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of 0.94 and 0.89. This biomarker also identified advanced colorectal polyps from two other tissue-based clinical cohorts with high diagnostic accuracy (AUCs of 0.99 and 0.78). Finally, methylation analysis of the LINC00473 promoter in plasma cell-free DNA accurately identified patients with colorectal cancer and advanced colorectal polyps (AUCs of 0.88 and 0.84, respectively), which was confirmed in an independent cohort of patients. Conclusions Hypermethylation of the LINC00473 promoter is a new promising biomarker for noninvasive early detection of colorectal cancer and related precancerous lesions

Borrelia burgdorferi infection induces long-term memory-like responses in macrophages with tissue-wide consequences in the heart

Lyme carditis is an extracutaneous manifestation of Lyme disease characterized by episodes of atrioventricular block of varying degrees and additional, less reported cardiomyopathies. The molecular changes associated with the response to Borrelia burgdorferi over the course of infection are poorly understood. Here, we identify broad transcriptomic and proteomic changes in the heart during infection that reveal a profound down-regulation of mitochondrial components. We also describe the long-term functional modulation of macrophages exposed to live bacteria, characterized by an augmented glycolytic output, increased spirochetal binding and internalization, and reduced inflammatory responses. In vitro, glycolysis inhibition reduces the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by memory macrophages, whereas in vivo, it produces the reversion of the memory phenotype, the recovery of tissue mitochondrial components, and decreased inflammation and spirochetal burdens. These results show that B. burgdorferi induces long-term, memory-like responses in macrophages with tissue-wide consequences that are amenable to be manipulated in vivo.Supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU) co-financed with FEDER funds (SAF2015-65327-R and RTI2018-096494-B-100 to JA; BFU2016-76872-R to EB, AGL2017-86757-R to LA, SAF2017-87301-R to MLMC, SAF2015-64111-R to AP, SAF2015-73549-JIN to HR), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PIE13/0004 to AP), the Basque Government Department of Health (2015111117 to LA), the Basque Foundation for Innovation and Health Research (BIOEF), through the EiTB Maratoia grant BIO15/CA/016/BS to MLMC, the regional Government of Andalusia co-funded by CEC and FEDER funds (Proyectos de Excelencia P12-CTS-2232) and Fundación Domingo Martínez (to AP). LA is supported by the Ramon y Cajal program (RYC-2013-13666). DB, MMR and TMM are recipients of MCIU FPI fellowships. ACG and AP are recipients of fellowships form the Basque Government. APC is a recipient of a fellowship from the University of the Basque Country. We thank the MCIU for the Severo Ochoa Excellence accreditation (SEV-2016-0644), the Basque Department of Industry, Tourism and Trade (Etortek and Elkartek programs), the Innovation Technology Department of the Bizkaia Province and the CIBERehd network. DB and JA are supported by a grant from the Jesús de Gangoiti Barrera Foundation

A new approach to use marine robotic networks for ecosystem monitoring and management: The PLOME Project

4th Marine Imaging Workshop, 3-6 October 2022, Brest, FranceOur understanding of marine ecosystem functioning and processes relies on adequate spatio-temporal multiparametric monitoring procedures. Over the next 3 years, the Project PLOME (Platforms for Long-lasting Observation of Marine Ecosystems) will implement a spatially adaptive and autonomous network of easy-to-use benthic landers with dockable Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs)ñ This network will be used to intelligently video-monitor and map marine ecosystems and their environment from coastal to deep-sea areas. All platforms will be connected via acoustic or optical communication and will operate over periods of weeks to months with real-time supervision. Stations will provide continuous and intensive temporal observations, while dockable AUVs (with battery recharge and data downloading capability) will provide intensive measurements at various spatial scales, using intelligent and adaptive trajectories to explore surrounding areas. Biological, geochemical and oceanographic data will be generated by an array of sensors including acoustic receivers and cameras. Images will be processed in real-time for species classification and tracking, using advanced data analysis and Deep Learning techniques. Metadata will be communicated between landers and AUVs and transmitted opportunistically whenever an Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) connects the platform via aerial communications (i.e. GSM and satellite communications, depending on form distance to shore). The unattended operation will also be possible with an innovation of pop-up buoys that will allow data transfer to the surface from landers and UAVs to be relayed once the pop-up buoys reach the surface. Complex ecological indicators for ecosystem management will be computed from the collected data, by applying advanced computer vision techniques to classify, count and size individuals in video images and to generate multimodal maps of the seabed. A pipeline for automated data treatment will be tailored for multiparametric analyses to derive cause-effect relationships between biological variables and the physical habitatsPeer reviewe

Primary and Secondary Immunodeficiency Diseases in Oncohaematology: Warning Signs, Diagnosis, and Management

Background: Immunodeficiencies (ID), in particular primary immunodeficiencies (PID), are often associated with haematological manifestations, such as peripheral cytopenias or lymphoproliferative syndromes. Early diagnosis and management have significant prognostic implications. Secondary immunodeficiencies (SID) may also be induced by oncohaematological diseases and their treatments. Haematologists and oncologists must therefore be aware of the association between blood disorders and cancer and ID, and be prepared to offer their patients appropriate treatment without delay. Our aim was to define the warning signs of primary and secondary IDs in paediatric and adult patients with oncohaematological manifestations.Methods: A multidisciplinary group of six experts (2 haematologists, 2 immunologists, and 2 paediatricians specializing in ID) conducted a literature review and prepared a document based on agreements reached an in-person meeting. An external group of 44 IDs specialists from all over Spain assessed the document and were consulted regarding their level of agreement.Results: This document identifies the haematological and extra-haematological diseases that should prompt a suspicion of PIDs in adults and children, in both primary care and haematology and oncology departments. Cytopenia and certain lymphoproliferative disorders are key diagnostic pointers. The diagnosis must be based on a detailed clinical history, physical exploration, complete blood count and standard laboratory tests. The immunological and haematological tests included in the diagnostic process will depend on the care level. Patients who are candidates for immunoglobulin replacement therapy must be carefully selected, and treatment should be offered as soon as possible to avoid the development of complications. Finally, this document recommends procedures for monitoring these patients.Conclusions: This document combines scientific evidence with the opinion of a broad panel of experts, and emphasizes the importance of an early diagnosis and treatment to avoid complications. The resulting document is a useful tool for primary care physicians and specialists who see both adult and paediatric patients with oncohaematological diseases