Caracterización del zooplancton en el embalse de Betania (departamento de Huila)

The betania reservoir is one of the most important water bodies in colombia,generating energy, fishing activity and economic contribution to the region ofhuila. the objective of the present study was to characterize the differentzooplankton species, bio-indicators of the water quality present in the betaniadam (huila department) between the years 2013-2015. ten sampling points weredetermined by collecting zooplanktonic microorganisms using two methods:depth - depth 1ds and 3ds, followed by the horizontal method and the taxonomyof zooplankton was determined. inferential analyzes of two factors, using thegeneral linear model, repeated measures anova and the kruskal-wallis test as anon-parametric alternative: (p≤0.05). a total of 32 different species ofzooplanktonic microorganisms (individuals/mL) were found, where 55%corresponded to the genus copepod (nine species), 26% to the cladocera genus (8species) and 19% to the genus rotifera, with 15 species of zooplanktonmicroorganisms identified. comparing zooplankton evolution in 1991 in thebetania reservoir where 23 species and 7 families, represented by a species ofcopepod, three species of cladocerans and 19 species of rotifers were found. inthis study (2013-2015) were discovered 32 species, that is to say nine previouslyunobserved species: 11 families (four new), eight species of copepods (sevennew), nine cladoceran species and 15 rotifers. this represented a significantincrease of 39% more species and 57% more families.El embalse de Betania es uno de los cuerpos de agua más importantes deColombia, generando energía, actividad pesquera y aporte económico a la regióndel Huila. El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar las diferentes especiesde zooplancton, bioindicadores de la calidad del agua presentes en la represa deBetania (departamento de Huila). Se determinaron diez puntos de muestreo endonde se recolectaron microorganismos zooplanctónicos a dos profundidadespara posteriormente determinar la taxonomía. Se realizaron análisis inferencialesde dos factores, utilizando el modelo lineal general, ANOVA de medidas rep

Caracterización de las variables fisicoquímicas de la calidad del agua en el embalse de Betania

  Fish cage culture became economically viable and socially important during the last 15 years in the economy activity Reservoir Betania and has become the second most important economic source, after the electrical power generation. The objective of the present study was to characterize some physicochemical variables of water quality in ten points of the Betania reservoir (Huila- Colombia) between the years 2013-2015. In order to obtain the water samples, a Van Door Bottle was used, and the on-site physicochemical parameters were determined by taking the samples at a depth of 20 cm using a YSI 556 Multiparametric equipment to take the dissolved oxygen readings (mg/L) and the percentage dissolved oxygen saturation, Temperature (°C), pH and its conductivity (μs/cm). The sample of Ammonium (mg/L), Nitrite, Alkalinity and its Hardness were taken with the equipment photometer YSI 9500. The measure of the Transparency of the water was taken with the Sechi disk. All of these analyzes were based on APHA 1998 procedures. Inferential analyzes of two factors, using the general linear model, repeated measures ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test as a non-parametric alternative, p≤0.05. The average values and their respective standard deviations of the physicochemical variables were: Temperature (°C) 26.2 ± 0.5, Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) 5.9 ± 0.5, Percentage of Dissolved Oxygen 72.7 ± 6.6, pH (Units) 8.0 ± 0.2, Ammonium (mg/L) 0.090 ± 0.021, Nitrite (mg/L) 0.035 ± 0.006, Alkalinity (mg/L) 5 ± 3.6, Hardness (mg/L) 48.7 ± 3.2, Conductivity (µs/cm) 167.4 ± 21.2 and Transparency (cm) 88.3 ± 6.5 physicochemical variables were: Temperature (°C) 26.2 ± 0.5, Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) 5.9 ± 0.5, Percentage of Dissolved Oxygen 72.7 ± 6.6, pH (Units) 8.0 ± 0.2,La piscicultura en jaulas se ha convertido en una actividad económicamente viable y socialmente importante durante los últimos 15 años en el embalse de Betania. El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar las condiciones fisicoquímicas de calidad de agua en diez puntos del embalse entre los años 2013-2015. Para la obtención de las muestras de agua se utilizó una botella Van Door, posteriormente se efectuó la determinación de los parámetros fisicoquímicos in situ tomando las muestras a una profundidad de 20 cm, utilizando un equipo Multiparamétrico YSI 556 que tomara las lecturas de oxígeno disuelto mg/L y % de saturación de oxígeno disuelto, Temperatura °C, pH, conductividad μ/cm. La muestra de Amonio mg/L, Nitrito, Alcalinidad y Dureza se tomaron con equipo fotómetro YSI 9500, La medida de la transparencia del agua, se tomó con el disco Sechi. Todos estos análisis se basaron siguiendo los procedimientos de APHA 1998. Los análisis inferenciales de dos factores, mediante el modelo lineal general, ANOVA de medidas repetidas y la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis como alternativa no paramétrica, p≤ 0,05. Los valores promedios y sus respectivas desviaciones estándar, de las variables fisicoquímicas encontrados fueron los siguientes: La Temperatura (°C) 26,2 ± 0,5, el Oxígeno Disuelto (mg/L) 5,9 ± 0,5, Porcentaje de Oxígeno Disuelto 72,7 ± 6,6, pH 8,0 ± 0,2, Amonio (mg/L) 0,090 ± 0,021, Nitrito (mg/L) 0,035 ± 0,006, Alcalinidad (mg/L) 41,5± 3,6, Dureza (mg/L) 48,7 ± 3,2, Conductividad (μs/cm) 167,4 ± 21,2 y la Transparencia (cm) 88,3 ± 6,5

Immunoglobulin, glucocorticoid, or combination therapy for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a propensity-weighted cohort study

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a hyperinflammatory condition associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, has emerged as a serious illness in children worldwide. Immunoglobulin or glucocorticoids, or both, are currently recommended treatments. Methods: The Best Available Treatment Study evaluated immunomodulatory treatments for MIS-C in an international observational cohort. Analysis of the first 614 patients was previously reported. In this propensity-weighted cohort study, clinical and outcome data from children with suspected or proven MIS-C were collected onto a web-based Research Electronic Data Capture database. After excluding neonates and incomplete or duplicate records, inverse probability weighting was used to compare primary treatments with intravenous immunoglobulin, intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoids alone, using intravenous immunoglobulin as the reference treatment. Primary outcomes were a composite of inotropic or ventilator support from the second day after treatment initiation, or death, and time to improvement on an ordinal clinical severity scale. Secondary outcomes included treatment escalation, clinical deterioration, fever, and coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution. This study is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN69546370. Findings: We enrolled 2101 children (aged 0 months to 19 years) with clinically diagnosed MIS-C from 39 countries between June 14, 2020, and April 25, 2022, and, following exclusions, 2009 patients were included for analysis (median age 8·0 years [IQR 4·2–11·4], 1191 [59·3%] male and 818 [40·7%] female, and 825 [41·1%] White). 680 (33·8%) patients received primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, 698 (34·7%) with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, 487 (24·2%) with glucocorticoids alone; 59 (2·9%) patients received other combinations, including biologicals, and 85 (4·2%) patients received no immunomodulators. There were no significant differences between treatments for primary outcomes for the 1586 patients with complete baseline and outcome data that were considered for primary analysis. Adjusted odds ratios for ventilation, inotropic support, or death were 1·09 (95% CI 0·75–1·58; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids and 0·93 (0·58–1·47; corrected p value=1·00) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Adjusted average hazard ratios for time to improvement were 1·04 (95% CI 0·91–1·20; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, and 0·84 (0·70–1·00; corrected p value=0·22) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Treatment escalation was less frequent for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids (OR 0·15 [95% CI 0·11–0·20]; p<0·0001) and glucocorticoids alone (0·68 [0·50–0·93]; p=0·014) versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Persistent fever (from day 2 onward) was less common with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids compared with either intravenous immunoglobulin alone (OR 0·50 [95% CI 0·38–0·67]; p<0·0001) or glucocorticoids alone (0·63 [0·45–0·88]; p=0·0058). Coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Interpretation: Recovery rates, including occurrence and resolution of coronary artery aneurysms, were similar for primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin when compared to glucocorticoids or intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids. Initial treatment with glucocorticoids appears to be a safe alternative to immunoglobulin or combined therapy, and might be advantageous in view of the cost and limited availability of intravenous immunoglobulin in many countries. Funding: Imperial College London, the European Union's Horizon 2020, Wellcome Trust, the Medical Research Foundation, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research, and National Institutes of Health

Immunoglobulin, glucocorticoid, or combination therapy for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a propensity-weighted cohort study

Background Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a hyperinflammatory condition associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, has emerged as a serious illness in children worldwide. Immunoglobulin or glucocorticoids, or both, are currently recommended treatments. Methods The Best Available Treatment Study evaluated immunomodulatory treatments for MIS-C in an international observational cohort. Analysis of the first 614 patients was previously reported. In this propensity-weighted cohort study, clinical and outcome data from children with suspected or proven MIS-C were collected onto a web-based Research Electronic Data Capture database. After excluding neonates and incomplete or duplicate records, inverse probability weighting was used to compare primary treatments with intravenous immunoglobulin, intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, or glucocorticoids alone, using intravenous immunoglobulin as the reference treatment. Primary outcomes were a composite of inotropic or ventilator support from the second day after treatment initiation, or death, and time to improvement on an ordinal clinical severity scale. Secondary outcomes included treatment escalation, clinical deterioration, fever, and coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution. This study is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN69546370. Findings We enrolled 2101 children (aged 0 months to 19 years) with clinically diagnosed MIS-C from 39 countries between June 14, 2020, and April 25, 2022, and, following exclusions, 2009 patients were included for analysis (median age 8·0 years [IQR 4·2–11·4], 1191 [59·3%] male and 818 [40·7%] female, and 825 [41·1%] White). 680 (33·8%) patients received primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, 698 (34·7%) with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, 487 (24·2%) with glucocorticoids alone; 59 (2·9%) patients received other combinations, including biologicals, and 85 (4·2%) patients received no immunomodulators. There were no significant differences between treatments for primary outcomes for the 1586 patients with complete baseline and outcome data that were considered for primary analysis. Adjusted odds ratios for ventilation, inotropic support, or death were 1·09 (95% CI 0·75–1·58; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids and 0·93 (0·58–1·47; corrected p value=1·00) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Adjusted average hazard ratios for time to improvement were 1·04 (95% CI 0·91–1·20; corrected p value=1·00) for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids, and 0·84 (0·70–1·00; corrected p value=0·22) for glucocorticoids alone, versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Treatment escalation was less frequent for intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids (OR 0·15 [95% CI 0·11–0·20]; p<0·0001) and glucocorticoids alone (0·68 [0·50–0·93]; p=0·014) versus intravenous immunoglobulin alone. Persistent fever (from day 2 onward) was less common with intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids compared with either intravenous immunoglobulin alone (OR 0·50 [95% CI 0·38–0·67]; p<0·0001) or glucocorticoids alone (0·63 [0·45–0·88]; p=0·0058). Coronary artery aneurysm occurrence and resolution did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Interpretation Recovery rates, including occurrence and resolution of coronary artery aneurysms, were similar for primary treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin when compared to glucocorticoids or intravenous immunoglobulin plus glucocorticoids. Initial treatment with glucocorticoids appears to be a safe alternative to immunoglobulin or combined therapy, and might be advantageous in view of the cost and limited availability of intravenous immunoglobulin in many countries. Funding Imperial College London, the European Union's Horizon 2020, Wellcome Trust, the Medical Research Foundation, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research, and National Institutes of Health

Neuroeducation and neurorehabilitation in the neurosurgical patient: programs to be developed in Latin America and the Caribbean

Sin resumenIncluye refencias bibliográfica

Voces plurales derechos humanos y procesos de paz territorial

316 hojasColombia es un país que ha sufrido los embates de la violencia producida por conflictos armados y otras conflictividades que le son conexas. Construir una paz integral o positiva trasciende la firma de un Acuerdo que, si bien es fundamental el cese de la violencia armada, requiere tanto el abordaje de problemas estructurales como las expectativas y comportamientos cotidianos de las personas.Prólogo 13Introducción 17La memoria como señal de resistencia a las barbaries: hacia una práctica social de la memoria en Colombia 25Topofilia, topofobia y memoria: Mejor Esquina después de la masacre 41La tensión de la reparación colectiva en Bahía Portete: percepciones y desafíos en época de posconflicto 69«Buscar caminar por un solo sendero todos». Narrativas de un proceso de restitución de tierras: caso Santa Paula (Córdoba) 101Aproximación contextual a la reconstrucción de la memoria histórica de las víctimas del conflicto armado en Rocha (Arjona) 115La participación ciudadana: condición fundamental para la construcción de paz 137Narrativas del proceso de paz en Colombia desde la prensa local de Montería. Caso diario digital La Razón.co 147Cuerpos panfletos: necropolíticas y disciplinamientos en el conflicto armado colombiano 159Prácticas genocidas contra los líderes políticos de la Unión Patriótica (UP) en el departamento de Córdoba: memorias de la urgencia 175Conflicto, violencia y construcción de paz en el alto y medio San Jorge 189Enseñar derechos humanos: un proceso desde la Universidad de Córdoba con miras hacia la escuela 213Escuelas para la ciudadanía. Pedagogía para la reconciliación en el sur del departamento de Córdoba 229Herramientas para la construcción de paz desde la escuela Sur de Córdoba. El caso de la alianza educación para la paz y reconciliación de córdoba 245Aplicación móvil DiversaAPP: “vive libre y se feliz” 257Es posible volver: construcción de paz desde el emprendimiento colectivo de familias víctimas de despojo y desplazamiento de tierras de Cedro Cocido, Municipio de Montería 261Escuela de Líderes Constructores de Paz de Anorí (Antioquia): una apuesta de paz y desarrollo desde el territorio para Colombia 273Las prácticas y experiencias de resistencia en la defensa de la tierra y el territorio. Caso: corregimiento de Las Palomas del municipio de Montería (Córdoba) 285Tendiendo puentes 290Mujeres tejiendo sueños y sabores de paz 293Emprende con Equión: segundas oportunidades 297Formación en comunicación comunitaria y derechos humanos en las comunidades indígenas Embera y Senú de los municipios de Nechí, Cáceres y El Bagre (Antioquia) 304El poder del arte para sanar 307Edición 202

La institucionalización partidista y su relación con la calidad de la democracia: Paraguay y Uruguay en perspectiva comparada

The aim of this article is to explore the relationship between the institutionalization of political parties and the quality of democracy. The main argument of the original research –focused on studying the main political parties in Paraguay and Uruguay– is that this relationship is not always direct and that, in spite of what some political studies hold, partisan institutionalization cannot always be considered a sufficient condition to build up the quality of democracy. To test the hypothesis we analyzed the five most relevant political parties in terms of electoral strength of two Latin American political systems having different levels of quality of democracy. The analysis shows that partisan institutionalization is not necessarily consistent with the level of democratic quality; otherwise, both countries would have shown high levels of quality of democracy, since they have similar levels of partisan institutionalization. Thus, in order to understand the relationship between a country’s level of partisan institutionalization and the quality of democracy, it seems necessary to review and examine different features of the functioning of political parties, different actors and elements of the political system, and even to study the historical path of the political party system.El objetivo de este artículo es explorar la relación entre la institucionalización de los partidos políticos y la calidad de la democracia. El argumento central de la investigación que lo nutre y que se focalizó en el estudio de los principales partidos políticos de Paraguay y Uruguay es que esta relación no siempre es directa y que, más allá de lo que sostienen algunos estudios politológicos, la institucionalización partidista no puede ser siempre considerada condición suficiente para elevar la calidad de la democracia. Para poner a prueba la hipótesis se analizaron los cinco partidos políticos más relevantes en términos de fuerza electoral de dos sistemas políticos latinoamericanos que presentan diferentes niveles de calidad de la democracia. Dicho análisis evidencia que la institucionalización partidista no coincide con el grado de calidad de la democracia, pues, de ser así, ambos países habrían mostrado altos valores de calidad de la democracia, ya que cuentan con niveles similares de institucionalización partidista. Así, para entender la relación entre los niveles de institucionalización partidista y la calidad de la democracia de los países habrá que revisar y examinar otros rasgos del funcionamiento de los partidos políticos, de otros actores y otros elementos del sistema político e incluso estudiar la trayectoria histórica del sistema político partidista