Efeitos psicológicos da música em praticantes de exercício: Uma revisão sistemática

Aim: This systematic review sought to summarize the available evidence on the effect of music presence in gym classes in motivation, vitality, exercise affective response, and perceived exertion, among other psychological factors. Methods: The search of articles published until January 2018 was conducted in three online databases (Pubmed, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus) following PICO model, and complemented manually. The following information was extracted from the selected articles: type of study, intervention characteristics, music condition and instruments, outcomes and assessment instruments, main results, and study methodological quality. The later was assessed with the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Results: A total of 32 articles were included, of which 5 reported effects on motivation, 15 on exercise affective response, 23 on perceived exertion, and 4 on the motivational aspects of music. Music presence was positively associated with higher levels of motivation (n=3), a more positive affective response to exercise (n=8), but generally not associated with lower levels of perceived exertion (n=16). Conclusion: Although music presence appears to have a potentially positive effect on motivation levels and exercise affective response, the variability in sample characteristics, research protocols, and assessment instruments prevents drawing conclusions, highlighting the need for more studies on this topic.Objetivo: Esta revisión sistemática tuvo el objetivo de resumir la evidencia existente sobre el efecto de la utilización de música durante la práctica de ejercicio en el gimnasio en la motivación, vitalidad, respuesta afectiva al esfuerzo y percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo, entre otros factores psicológicos. Métodos: La investigación de artículos publicados hasta Enero de 2018 fue hecha en 3 bases de datos (Pubmed, PsycINFO y SPORTDiscus), siguiendo el modelo PICO, y complementada manualmente. La siguiente información fue extraída de los artículos seleccionados: tipo de estudio, características de la intervención, música (condición e instrumentos), outcomes (e instrumentos), resultados y calidad metodológica. Esta última fue evaluada a través de la Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Resultados: Se han incluido 32 artículos. De estos, 5 reportaron efectos en la motivación, 15 en la respuesta afectiva al esfuerzo, 23 en la percepción de esfuerzo y 4 en los componentes motivacionales de la música. La presencia de música se mostró positivamente asociada a mayores niveles de motivación (n = 3), a una respuesta afectiva al esfuerzo más positivo (n = 8), pero en general no se mostró asociada a menores niveles de percepción de esfuerzo (n = 16). Conclusión: A pesar de que la presencia de música parece tener un efecto potencialmente positivo en el nivel de motivación y en la respuesta afectiva al esfuerzo, la variabilidad de las muestras, de los protocolos de investigación y de los instrumentos utilizados en la medición de las variables imposibilitan la retirada de conclusiones, subrayando la necesidad de nuevos estudios sobre esta temática.Objetivo: Esta revisão sistemática teve o objetivo de sumariar a evidência existente sobre o efeito da utilização de música durante a prática de exercício em ginásio na motivação, vitalidade, resposta afetiva ao esforço e perceção subjetiva de esforço, entre outros fatores psicológicos. Métodos: A pesquisa de artigos publicados até Janeiro de 2018 foi feita em 3 bases de dados (Pubmed, PsycINFO e SPORTDiscus), seguindo o modelo PICO, e complementada manualmente. A seguinte informação foi extraída dos artigos selecionados: tipo de estudo, características da intervenção, música (condição e instrumentos), outcomes (e instrumentos), resultados e qualidade metodológica. Esta última foi avaliada através do Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Resultados: Foram incluídos 32 artigos. Destes, 5 reportaram efeitos na motivação, 15 na resposta afetiva ao esforço, 23 na perceção subjetiva de esforço e 4 nas componentes motivacionais da música. A presença de música mostrou-se positivamente associada maiores níveis de motivação (n=3), a uma resposta afetiva ao esforço mais positiva (n=8), mas na generalidade não se mostrou associada a menores níveis de perceção de esforço (n=16). Conclusão: Apesar da presença de música aparentar ter um efeito potencialmente positivo no nível de motivação e na resposta afetiva ao esforço, a variabilidade das amostras, dos protocolos de investigação e dos instrumentos utilizados na aferição das variáveis impossibilitam a retirada de conclusões, sublinhando a necessidade de novos estudos sobre esta temática

Systematic Review of Psychological and Behavioral Correlates of Recreational Running

Introduction: The aim of this review was to systematically synthesize the published literature describing the psychological and behavioral correlates of recreational running in adults, defined as running for leisure, with or without a competitive component. Methods: Quantitative research published in peer-reviewed journals until January 2021 were included. Studies were identified through MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science and were included in this review if they (1) were aimed at recreational running, (2) included general adult samples (18 years or older, without a diagnosed medical condition or metabolic disorder), and (3) assessed psychological or behavioral correlates of recreational running. Results: Fifty-six articles reporting 58 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included. There were 27 cross-sectional studies, 12 longitudinal studies, and 19 trials (8 non-controlled trials, 5 controlled trials, and 6 randomized controlled trials) (n = 37,501, 1877 years old, 43% women). Twenty-eight studies assessed antecedents of running behavior, and 25 studies used running behavior as treatment or predictor of a given effect or outcome. Four studies examined both predictors and outcomes of running. Thirty-one studies showed poor quality, while 20 had fair and 7 good quality. Motives were the most frequently studied antecedent of running behavior (k = 19), and results suggest that the highest-ranked or more prevalent motives were physical health, psychological motives, and personal achievement. Additionally, perceived control, attitude toward running, intention and subjective norms, self-efficacy, and social support may have also played a role in the adoption of recreational running. Moreover, improvements in mood (k = 10) and well-being (k = 10) were the most frequently reported positive outcomes of running. Reductions in depression, anxiety, and stress were also reported in included studies. Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review on this topic. The identification of behavioral and psychological correlates of recreational running across populations can contribute to inform and guide a public policy agenda, focused on helping people sustain regular physical activity, through a modality they have chosen and appear to enjoy. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=68954, identifier: CRD42017068954.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

a systematic review

Funding Information: This research received no external funding. C.S.S. is supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (SFRH/BD/139603/2018). The funder had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2023, BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.Background: Translation into practice of effective physical activity interventions in primary care is difficult, due to a complex interaction of implementation determinants. We aimed to identify implementation barriers and facilitators of four primary care interventions: physical activity assessment, counselling, prescription, and referral. Methods: A systematic review of qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods studies published since 2016 was conducted. The “Tailored Implementation for Chronic Diseases” (TICD) framework was adapted to extract and synthesize barriers and facilitators. Results: Sixty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Barriers (n = 56) and facilitators (n = 55) were identified across seven domains, related to characteristics of the intervention, individual factors of the implementers and receivers, organizational factors, and political and social determinants. The five most frequently reported determinants were: professionals’ knowledge and skills; intervention feasibility/compatibility with primary health care routine; interventions’ cost and financial incentives; tools and materials; and professionals’ cognitions and attitudes. “Social, political and legal factors” domain was the least reported. Physical activity counselling, prescription, and referral were influenced by determinants belonging to all the seven domains. Conclusion: The implementation of physical activity interventions in primary care is influenced by a broader range of determinants. Barriers and facilitators related with health professionals, intervention characteristics, and available resources were the most frequently reported. A deep understanding of the local context, with particularly emphasis on these determinants, should be considered when preparing an intervention implementation, in order to contribute for designing tailored implementation strategies and optimize the interventions’ effectiveness.publishersversionpublishe

Keep on running – a randomized controlled trial to test a digital evidence-based intervention for sustained adoption of recreational running: rationale, design and pilot feasibility study

Background: This paper describes the rationale, intervention development, study design and results from the pilot feasibility study of the Keep On Running (KOR) trial. KOR aims to test a web-based brief theory-based intervention, targeting maintenance of recreational running behavior over time (i.e. relapse preventing). Methods: Intervention development was based both on Self- Determination Theory and on Self-Regulation Theory. As part of it, a pilot study was implemented (n=18) to measure intervention adherence and participant satisfaction in order to establish the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention toolkit. Furthermore, this pilot study was also used to test the feasibility and acceptability of the questionnaires selected to be part of the later RCT. Results: Pilot intervention acceptability was good, but overall adherence was low. Features such as feedback and social sharing should be added to the toolkit. The main trial should lessen questionnaire length and include data from usual monitoring gadgets and apps (APIs). The protocol of the RCT was adjusted to test the efficacy of the refined final version of the intervention, and the RCT that will test it, contributing to the understanding of recreational running sustainability, allowing the optimization of future interventions aimed at physical activity promotion.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Body image change and improved eating self-regulation in a weight management intervention in women

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Successful weight management involves the regulation of eating behavior. However, the specific mechanisms underlying its successful regulation remain unclear. This study examined one potential mechanism by testing a model in which improved body image mediated the effects of obesity treatment on eating self-regulation. Further, this study explored the role of different body image components.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Participants were 239 overweight women (age: 37.6 ± 7.1 yr; BMI: 31.5 ± 4.1 kg/m²) engaged in a 12-month behavioral weight management program, which included a body image module. Self-reported measures were used to assess evaluative and investment body image, and eating behavior. Measurements occurred at baseline and at 12 months. Baseline-residualized scores were calculated to report change in the dependent variables. The model was tested using partial least squares analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The model explained 18-44% of the variance in the dependent variables. Treatment significantly improved both body image components, particularly by decreasing its investment component (<it>f²</it>= .32 vs. <it>f²</it>= .22). Eating behavior was positively predicted by investment body image change (p < .001) and to a lesser extent by evaluative body image (p < .05). Treatment had significant effects on 12-month eating behavior change, which were fully mediated by investment and partially mediated by evaluative body image (effect ratios: .68 and .22, respectively).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Results suggest that improving body image, particularly by reducing its salience in one's personal life, might play a role in enhancing eating self-regulation during weight control. Accordingly, future weight loss interventions could benefit from proactively addressing body image-related issues as part of their protocols.</p

Successful behavior change in obesity interventions in adults: a systematic review of self-regulation mediators

International audienceBackground: Relapse is high in lifestyle obesity interventions involving behavior and weight change. Identifying mediators of successful outcomes in these interventions is critical to improve effectiveness and to guide approaches to obesity treatment, including resource allocation. This article reviews the most consistent self-regulation mediators of medium-and long-term weight control, physical activity, and dietary intake in clinical and community behavior change interventions targeting overweight/obese adults. Methods: A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed articles, published since 2000, was conducted on electronic databases (for example, MEDLINE) and journal reference lists. Experimental studies were eligible if they reported intervention effects on hypothesized mediators (self-regulatory and psychological mechanisms) and the association between these and the outcomes of interest (weight change, physical activity, and dietary intake). Quality and content of selected studies were analyzed and findings summarized. Studies with formal mediation analyses were reported separately. Results: Thirty-five studies were included testing 42 putative mediators. Ten studies used formal mediation analyses. Twenty-eight studies were randomized controlled trials, mainly aiming at weight loss or maintenance (n = 21). Targeted participants were obese (n = 26) or overweight individuals, aged between 25 to 44 years (n = 23), and 13 studies targeted women only. In terms of study quality, 13 trials were rated as " strong " , 15 as " moderate " , and 7 studies as " weak ". In addition, methodological quality of formal mediation analyses was " medium ". Identified mediators for medium-/long-term weight control were higher levels of autonomous motivation, self-efficacy/barriers, self-regulation skills (such as self-monitoring), flexible eating restraint, and positive body image. For physical activity, significant putative mediators were high autonomous motivation, self-efficacy, and use of self-regulation skills. For dietary intake, the evidence was much less clear, and no consistent mediators were identified. Conclusions: This is the first systematic review of mediational psychological mechanisms of successful outcomes in obesity-related lifestyle change interventions. Despite limited evidence, higher autonomous motivation, self-efficacy, and self-regulation skills emerged as the best predictors of beneficial weight and physical activity outcomes; for weight control, positive body image and flexible eating restraint may additionally improve outcomes. These variables represent possible targets for future lifestyle interventions in overweight/obese populations

The Effects of the Type of Exercise and Physical Activity on Eating Behavior and Body Composition in Overweight and Obese Subjects

The aim of this study was to examine whether a type of exercise favors better compliance with a prescribed diet, higher eating-related motivation, healthier diet composition or greater changes in body composition in overweight and obese subjects. One hundred and sixty-two (males n = 79), aged 18-50 years, were randomized into four intervention groups during 24 weeks: strength, endurance, combined strength + endurance and guideline-based physical activity; all in combination with a 25-30% caloric restriction diet. A food frequency questionnaire and a "3-day food and drink record" were applied pre- and post-intervention. Diet and exercise-related motivation levels were evaluated with a questionnaire developed for this study. Body composition was assessed by DXA and habitual physical activity was measured by accelerometry. Body weight, body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage decreased and lean body mass increased after the intervention, without differences by groups. No interactions were observed between intervention groups and time; all showing a decreased in energy intake (p < 0.001). Carbohydrate and protein intakes increased, and fat intake decreased from pre- to post-intervention without significant interactions with intervention groups, BMI category or gender (p < 0.001). Diet-related motivation showed a tendency to increase from pre- to post-intervention (70.0 ± 0.5 vs 71.0 ± 0.6, p = 0.053), without significant interactions with intervention groups, BMI or gender. Regarding motivation for exercise, gender x time interactions were observed (F(1,146) = 7.452, p = 0.007): Women increased their motivation after the intervention (pre: 17.6 ± 0.3, post: 18.2 ± 0.3), while men maintained it. These findings suggest that there are no substantial effects of exercise type on energy intake, macronutrient selection or body composition changes. After a six-month weight loss program, individuals did not reduce their motivation related to diet or exercise, especially women. Individuals who initiate a long-term exercise program do not increase their energy intake in a compensatory fashion, if diet advices are included.The PRONAF Study takes place with the financial support of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Convocatoria de Ayudas I+D 2008, Proyectos de Investigación Fundamental No Orientada, del VI Plan de Investigación Nacional 2008-2011, (Contract: DEP2008-06354-C04-01). This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001

Lack of interest in physical activity : individual and environmental attributes in adults across Europe : the SPOTLIGHT project

A considerable proportion of European adults report little or no interest in physical activity. Identifying individual-level and environmental-level characteristics of these individuals can help designing effective interventions and policies to promote physical activity. This cross-sectional study additionally explored associations between level of interest and physical activity, after controlling for other individual and environmental variables. Measures of objective and perceived features of the physical environment of residence, self-reported physical activity and other lifestyle behaviors, barriers towards physical activity, general health, and demographics were obtained from 5205 European adults participating in the 2014 online SPOTLIGHT survey. t-Tests, chi-square tests, and generalized estimating equations with negative binomial log-link function were conducted. Adults not interested in physical activity reported a higher BMI and a lower self-rated health, were less educated, and to a smaller extent female and less frequently employed. They were more prone to have less healthy eating habits, and to perceive more barriers towards physical activity. Only minor differences were observed in environmental attributes: the non-interested were slightly more likely to live in neighborhoods objectively characterized as less aesthetic and containing more destinations, and perceived as less functional, safe, and aesthetic. Even after controlling for other individual and environmental factors, interest in physical activity remained a significant correlate of physical activity, supporting the importance of this association. This study is among the first to describe characteristics of individuals with reduced interest in physical activity, suggesting that (lack of) interest is a robust correlate of physical activity in several personal and environmental conditions

Providing office workers with height-adjustable workstation to reduce and interrupt workplace sitting time: protocol for the Stand Up for Healthy Aging (SUFHA) cluster randomized controlled trial

© The Author(s) 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.Background: Sedentary behavior (SB) has been linked to several negative health outcomes. Therefore, reducing SB or breaking up prolonged periods of SB improves functional fitness, food consumption, job satisfaction, and productivity. Reducing SB can be achieved by introducing a health-enhancing contextual modification promoted by a sit-stand desk in the workplace. The primary goal will be to test the effectiveness of this intervention in reducing and breaking up SB, while improving health outcomes in office-based workers during a 6-month intervention. Methods: A two-arm (1:1), superiority parallel-group cluster RCT will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention in a sample of office-based workers from a university in Portugal. The intervention will consist of a psychoeducation session, motivational prompts, and contextual modification promoted by a sit-stand desk in the workplace for 6 months. The control group will work as usual in their workplace, with no contextual change or prompts during the 6-month intervention. Three assessment points will be conducted in both groups, pre-intervention (baseline), post-intervention, and a 3-month follow-up. The primary outcomes include sedentary and physical activity-related variables, which will be objectively assessed with 24 h monitoring using the ActivPAL for 7 days. The secondary outcomes include (a) biometric indices as body composition, body mass index, waist circumference, and postural inequalities; and (b) psychosocial variables such as overall and work-related fatigue, overall discomfort, life/work satisfaction, quality of life, and eating behavior. Both the primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed at each assessment point. Discussion: This study will lean on the use of a sit-stand workstation for 6 months, prompted by an initial psychoeducational session and ongoing motivational prompts. We will aim to contribute to this topic by providing robust data on alternating sitting and standing postures in the workplace. Trial registration: The trial was prospectively registered, and the details are at: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/JHGPW ; Registered 15 November 2022. OSF Preregistration.This study was funded by the ILIND “Fazer+” scientific program (Reference: FAZER+/ILIND/CIDEFES/1/2022).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The psychological effects of music in exercisers: A systematic review

Objetivo: Esta revisãosistemática teve o objetivo de sumariar a evidência existente sobre o efeito da presença de música durante a prática de exercício estruturado na motivação, vitalidade, resposta afetiva ao exercício e perceção subjetiva de esforço, entre outros fatores psicológicos, em praticantes regulares de exercício. Métodos: A pesquisa de artigos publicados até Janeiro de 2018 foi feita em 3 bases de dados (Pubmed, PsycINFO e SPORTDiscus), seguindo o modelo PICO, e complementada manualmente. A seguinte informação foi extraída dos artigos selecionados: tipo de estudo, características da intervenção, música (condição e instrumentos), outcomes (e instrumentos), resultados e qualidade metodológica. Esta última foi avaliada através do Quality Assessment Tool for QuantitativeStudies. Resultados: Foram incluídos 27 artigos. Destes, 4 reportaram efeitos na motivação, 11 na resposta afetiva ao esforço, 22 na perceção subjetiva de esforço e 5 nas componentes motivacionais da música. A presença de música mostrou-se positivamente associada a maiores níveis de motivação (n=3 de 4), a uma resposta afetiva ao exercício aparentemente mais positiva (n=6 de 11), mas na generalidade não se mostrou associada a menores níveis de perceção de esforço (n=14 de 22). Conclusão: Apesar da presençade música aparentar ter um efeito potencialmente positivo no nível de motivação e na resposta afetiva ao esforço, a variabilidade das amostras, dos protocolos de investigação e dos instrumentos utilizados na aferição das variáveis impossibilitam a retirada de conclusões, sublinhando a necessidade de novos estudos sobre esta temática.RESUMEN: Objetivo: Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo resumir la evidencia disponible sobre el efecto de la presencia de música durante el ejercicio estructurado en la motivación, la vitalidad, la respuesta afectiva al ejercicio y la percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo, entre otros factores psicológicos, en los practicantes habituales de ejercicio. Métodos: La búsqueda de artículos publicados hasta Enero de 2018 se realizó en 3 bases de datos (Pubmed, PsycINFO y SPORTDiscus), siguiendo el modelo PICO, y se complementó manualmente. La siguiente información se extrajo de los artículos seleccionados: tipo de estudio, características de la intervención, música (condición e instrumentos), outcomes(e instrumentos de evaluación), resultados principales y calidad metodológica del estudio. El último se evaluó con la Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Resultados: Se han incluido 27 artículos, de los cuales 4 informaron efectos sobre la motivación, 11 sobre la respuesta afectiva al ejercicio, 22 sobre el esfuerzo percibido y 5 sobre los aspectos motivacionales de la música. La presencia de música se asoció positivamente con niveles más altos de motivación (n = 3 de 4), una respuesta afectiva aparentemente más positiva al ejercicio (n = 6 de 11), pero en general no se asoció con niveles más bajos de esfuerzo percibido (n = 14 de 22). Conclusión: Aunque la presencia de música parece tener un efecto potencialmente positivo sobre los niveles de motivación y la respuesta afectiva al ejercicio, la variabilidad en las características de la muestra, los protocolos de investigación y de los instrumentos de evaluación imposibilitan la retirada de conclusiones, enfatizando la necesidad de nuevos estudios sobre este tema.ABSTRACT: Aim: This systematic review sought to summarize the available evidence on the effect of music presence during structured exercise in motivation, vitality, exercise affective response, and perceived exertion, among other psychological factors, in regular exercisers. Methods: The search of articles published until January 2018 was conducted in three online databases (Pubmed, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus) following PICO model, and complemented manually. The following information was extracted from the selected articles: type of study, intervention characteristics, music condition and instruments, outcomes and assessment instruments, main results, and study methodological quality. The later was assessed with the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies.Results: A total of 27 articles were included, of which 4 reported effects on motivation, 11 on exercise affective response, 22 on perceived exertion, and 5 on the motivational aspects of music. Music presence was positively associated with higher levels of motivation (n=3 of 4), an apparently more positive affective response to exercise (n=6 of 11), but generally not associated with lower levels of perceived exertion (n=14 of 22). Conclusion: Although music presence appears to have a potentially positive effect on motivation levels and exercise affective response, the variability in sample characteristics, research protocols, and assessment instruments prevents drawing conclusions, highlighting the need for more studies on this topic