Modelação da escolha de destinos turísticos : uma análise de posicionamento

Doutoramento em TurismoOs elevados impactes económicos do turismo têm sido crescentemente reconhecidos em todo o mundo. Os responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento e promoção do turismo investem esforço e recursos consideráveis para levar as pessoas a visitarem determinados destinos. Nas últimas décadas, foi feito algum progresso ao nível da compreensão do modo como os potenciais turistas seleccionam um destino turístico. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre o modo como os visitantes comparam os destinos que consideram visitar e sobre a razão porque escolhem visitar um determinado destino em vez de outros que também consideraram visitar. O objectivo desta tese é contribuir para um melhor conhecimento dos critérios utilizados para comparar os destinos que as pessoas consideram visitar. Procede-se a uma revisão de literatura pertinente sobre o posicionamento de destinos turísticos e modelos de escolha de destinos. No sentido de expandir os contributos fornecidos por outros autores, um novo modelo de escolha de destinos é proposto e parcialmente testado. O objectivo é fornecer um modelo que incorpore alguns aspectos relacionados com o posicionamento que foram negligenciados em anteriores modelos de selecção de destinos. O novo modelo incorpora explicitamente uma análise de posicionamento num modelo do processo de selecção dos destinos. Este modelo expande as contribuições de modelos anteriores por integrar determinantes do posicionamento de destinos que não foram considerados em outros modelos, bem como por testar empiricamente relações entre determinantes do posicionamento que foram negligenciadas anteriormente. O modelo revisto também sugere que a influência dos determinantes do posicionamento pode mudar ao longo do processo de selecção dos destinos.The extensive economic impacts of tourism have been increasingly recognised worldwide. People engaged in tourism development and tourism promotion invest considerable effort and resources into attracting people to visit destinations. In recent decades, progress has been made into better understanding how potential tourists select a destination. However, little is known about how visitors compare destinations they consider visiting, and why they choose to visit one destination rather than others they have considered. The aim of this thesis is to improve understanding about the criteria used to compare the destinations people consider visiting. Literature pertinent to the positioning of tourism destinations and destination choice models is reviewed. To extend the contribution provided by others, a new model of destination choice is proposed and partially tested. The objective is to provide a model that incorporates some features relating to positioning which have been neglected in previous destination selection models. The new model explicitly incorporates positioning analysis into a model of how destinations are selected. This model extends the contributions of previous models by integrating determinants of the positioning of destinations disregarded in other models, as well as by empirically testing proposed interrelationships between determinants that have been previously neglected. The revised model also suggests that the influence of determinants of positioning may change across the process of selecting destinations

Destination management systems: creation of value for visitors of tourism destinations

Considering the important role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in tourism, a growing number of destination management organisations (DMOs) have been adopting more complex destination web-applications/websites to tourism destinations – destination management systems (DMSs). However, the concept of DMS is far from being consensual. The present study aims to clarify the concept of DMS by identifying the main differences between DMS and other DMO web-applications/websites regarding functionalities targeted at potential visitors of destinations. This study is carried out based on a comparison between DMS-specific and DMS-non-specific sources (papers and book chapters). The results suggest that the major difference between DMS and more traditional DMO websites relies in the transaction dimension. While DMS-non-specific reviewed sources tend to focus more on informational functionalities, DMS-specific studies clearly highlight transaction tools. The study highlights the need to develop DMS including a more varied range of transactional and communication/relationship functionalities.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Portuguese practices: Perspective on leadership, marketing and corporate social responsibility

The present thesis sought to investigate the Portuguese perspectives on Leadership, Marketing and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The purpose was to contribute to the advancement of knowledge and theory and to contribute to the literature advancement in the fields of Leadership, Marketing and CSR by presenting a study that identifies the tendencies of the Portuguese managers perspectives on leadership effectiveness, leadership styles, softskills, emotion intelligence, online marketing and CSR concept and its impact on brand image, brand insurance and purchase intent. The objectives of this thesis were: to name the leadership effectiveness skills; to verify what leadership styles are possible to identify, when should each one be used and the effect each can have on employees; to establish the mostwanted soft-skills by recruiters and the specific competences coming from emotional intelligence; to establish the importance of online marketing within the company´s strategy to engage consumers; and to identify the Portuguese idea of CSR and the impact CSR can have on brand image, brand insurance and purchase intent. This investigation was based on a primary source, from the application of interviews to a sample of fifteen Portuguese managers, and secondary sources, consisting of bibliographic research and information processing, included the systematized study based on books, journals, scientific articles and electronic networks. As for the possibility of generalizing the results found in this thesis to other contexts or samples, although this study complements the authors' perspectives on the topics addressed, this was only an exploratory study that cannot be generalized or representative.A presente tese procurou identificar a perspetiva dos gestores Portugueses sobre Liderança, Marketing e Responsabilidade Social Corporativa (RSC). O objetivo foi contribuir para o avanço do conhecimento e para o avanço da literatura nas áreas de Liderança, Marketing e RSC, através da apresentação de um estudo que identificasse as tendências da perspetiva dos gestores portugueses sobre as competências necessárias a uma liderança eficaz, estilos de liderança, soft-skills, inteligência emocional, marketing online e conceito de RSC e o seu impacto na imagem e segurança das marcas e na intenção de compra dos consumidores. A presente investigação teve como objetivos: identificar as competências necessárias a uma liderança eficaz; perceber quais os estilos de liderança possíveis de identificar, quando cada um deve ser usado e o efeito que cada um pode ter nos colaboradores; identificar as softskills mais procuradas pelos recrutadores e as competências específicas que advêm da inteligência emocional; entender como o marketing online pode facilitar a angariação de novos clientes e a retenção daqueles que já o eram; e entender a ideia que os portugueses têm de RSC e o impacto que consideram ter na imagem e segurança das marcas e na intenção de compra dos consumidores. Esta investigação baseou-se numa fonte primária, através da aplicação de entrevistas a uma amostra de quinze gestores portugueses, e fontes secundárias, constituídas por pesquisa bibliográfica e processamento de informação baseado em livros, revistas e artigos científicos e websites. Este é apenas um estudo exploratório e os resultados não devem ser generalizados ou considerados representativos

e-Justice: Relating Practical Guidelines in Videoconferencing with the Concerns of Academic Literature

Videoconferencing was widely used in court proceedings during the covid 19 pandemic, and, probably, its use will not return to the point before the pandemic. The academic literature indicates many different concerns with videoconferencing in court proceedings that may ultimately impact the legitimacy of the judicial process. This study aims to appreciate if academic research has been incorporated into the practical recommendations which guide daily work in courts. First, we conducted a literature review to identify and organise the concerns about using videoconferencing in court proceedings. Then we selected two guidelines and evaluated whether their recommendations addressed solutions to concerns raised in the academic literature. We conclude that most of the concerns are present in the guidelines. Although, the concern regarding the difficulty of replicating the environment of the physical courtroom in videoconferencing, which is the most cited concern, is not addressed in the practical guidance

e-justice: relating practical guidelines in videoconferencing with the concerns of academic literature

Videoconferencing was widely used in court proceedings during the covid 19 pandemic, and, probably, its use will not return to the point before the pandemic. The academic literature indicates many different concerns with videoconferencing in court proceedings that may ultimately impact the legitimacy of the judicial process. This study aims to appreciate if academic research has been incorporated into the practical recommendations which guide daily work in courts. First, we conducted a literature review to identify and organise the concerns about using videoconferencing in court proceedings. Then we selected two guidelines and evaluated whether their recommendations addressed solutions to concerns raised in the academic literature. We conclude that most of the concerns are present in the guidelines. Although, the concern regarding the difficulty of replicating the environment of the physical courtroom in videoconferencing, which is the most cited concern, is not addressed in the practical guidance.FCT has supported this work – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the R&D Units Project Scope: UIDB/00319/2020. The work is also related to the project “INOV.EGOV-Digital Governance Innovation for Inclusive, Resilient and Sustainable Societies / NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000087”, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (EFDR)

Caracterização do perfil ético e de valores dos colaboradores na empresa Renault C.A.C.I.A

Os temas significado e valor do trabalho são conceitos subjectivos, que podem ser alterados ao longo do tempo e não são muito investigadas em contexto português. É complicado perceber e estudar o que o trabalho representada para o ser humano. Contudo, percebemos que o trabalho é algo que faz parte do ser humano, é uma actividade fundamental para os indivíduos, respondendo a várias necessidades, nomeadamente, vitais, sociais, psicológicas e económicas. O objectivo geral deste estudo passou inicialmente, por conhecer, caracterizar e clarificar os temas referidos bem como compreender estes fenómenos num contexto específico. Além deste objectivo, temos um outro, este mais específico, de caracterizar o perfil ético e de valores de uma amostra de 113 colaboradores da empresa em questão. Tendo em conta os objectivos mais gerais, pretende clarificar, conhecer e caracterizar as diferentes temáticas em geral, e caracterizar e descrever dos diferentes fenómenos num contexto particular. Para responder a estes objectivos, foi realizado um estudo no sector industrial autómovel, que possui características específicas e muito próprias. Para a realização deste estudo foi utilizado o instrumento- Escala Multidimensional do Valor do Trabalho, escala adaptada, traduzida e validada por Mexia e Paixão (2003) a partir da escala original- Escala Multidimensional do perfil ético de Miller, Woerh & Hudspeth (2002) e também um questionário sóciodemográfico. Os resultados obtidos apontaram para diferenças estatisticamente significativas, nas quatro dimensões do instrumento, Padrões de comportamento e Gestão eficiente do tempo, Lazer, Autoconfiança e Enfoque no trabalho. Na mesma linha de raciocínio, e perante as diferenças encontradas, foi possível traçar o perfil ético e de valores dos trabalhadores, havendo diferenças em todas as variáveis demográficas.The dimensions of significance and work value are subjective concepts, which can change during time, and there is not much research done in the Portuguese context. It is complicated to understand and study what the work represents for the human being, in terms of significance because of today’s reality; it is associated to many manifestations of the human being life. Therefore, we understand that the work is something, which is part of the human being, and it is a fundamental activity for the individuals to answer to some needs namely, social, psychological, vital and economical. Taking into account the more general objectives, it was executed a study in the automobile industry, which has very specific characteristics. For the accomplishment of this study, it was used an assessment scale from Psychology of the work and organizations, adapted and validated by Mexia and Paixão (2003) beginning in the original scaleMultidimensional scale of the ethical profile by Woerh, Miller an Hudspeth (2002) and also a socio-demographical quiz. Thus, 113 workers, being 84% male and 16% females, constituted the sample. The results obtained indicated statistically significant differences, on the 4 dimensions: efficient time management, behavior patterns, spare time and self-confidence and focusing on the work. In the same manner, taking into account the differences verified, it was possible to sketch the ethical and values profile of the workers, existing differences in all the demographic variables

How diverse is the youth tourism market? An activity-based segmentation study

The youth tourism market has already taken on high relevance, due to its considerable size, its rising trend, resilience and likelihood to explore new destinations. Although this market is highly active during tourism trips, some heterogeneity is noted regarding the kind of tourism activities carried out. However, the research on youth visitors’ segmentation based on activities has been widely neglected. This study extends the research carried out in this field, undertaking an activity-based segmentation of youth visitors. The segments identified are compared regarding tourism motivations and relevant dimensions of tourism experience (e.g. social interaction, emotions and satisfaction). A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to segment the market, and clusters were compared using ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and χ2 tests. Four clusters emerged: culture lovers, fun lovers, sun and beach lovers and nature lovers. Statistically significant differences were found among the four clusters identified concerning socio-demographics, travel motivations, interaction with locals and other visitors and other features of travel behaviour. Important implications for improving the tourism experience of youth visitors with different activity profiles are discussed. In this context, the findings provide relevant insights for creating more appealing tourism trips for the four market segments identified

Seroprevalence of meningococcal serogroup C bactericidal antibodies in the Portuguese population, a decade after vaccine introduction in the National Immunisation Programme

Background: The incidence of invasive meningococcal disease due to serogroup C (MenC) decreased in Portugal since the introduction of the conjugate vaccine (MCC) in the free market in 2001 and in the National Immunisation Plan in 2006. Considering the potential waning of the antibody response reported in the literature, the different vaccination schemes that were used in our country over the past decade, and that Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C continues to circulate, the Portuguese population may currently be at increased risk of infection. In the absence of national data, we evaluated the seroprotection level of the Portuguese population against MenC, in order to identify the protected fraction of the population and ponder on the necessity of a booster dose of the MCC vaccine. Methods: We measured serum bactericidal antibody levels against MenC in a representative sample of the population (n = 1500) aged 2-64 years who participated in the 2015/2016 National Serological Survey. Results: A total of 31.1% (466/1500, 95%CI: 29-33%) of the individuals studied were protected against MenC. The geometric mean titre was 6.5. The proportion of seroprotected was particularly low in children aged 2-4 years (<16%) who received a single dose of the vaccine at 12 months of age (vaccination strategy since 2012). The proportion of seroprotected was higher (44.7% to 53.5%) in adolescent and young adults (15-24 years of age), resulting from vaccination during the catch-up campaign at 5-15 years of age. The highest protection rates were observed when the vaccine was administered during adolescence. Conclusion: The small fraction of population seroprotected, combined with the already known waning effect of the antibody response over time, may indicate that the Portuguese population will become progressively more exposed to the risk of infection. Taking in consideration our results, we recommend to change the current vaccination strategy and introduce a booster dose of the MCC vaccine during adolescence.National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal, and GlaxoSmithKline.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio