Aerobic exercise inhibits acute lung injury: from mouse to human evidence Exercise reduced lung injury markers in mouse and in cells

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is defined as hypoxemic respiratory failure with intense pulmonary inflammation, involving hyperactivation of endothelial cells and neutrophils. Given the anti-inflammatory effects of aerobic exercise (AE), this study investigated whether AE performed daily for 5 weeks would inhibit extra-pulmonary LPS-induced ARDS. C57Bl/6 mice were distributed into Control, Exercise, LPS and Exercise+ LPS groups. AE was performed on a treadmill for 5x/week for four weeks before LPS administration. 24hours after the final AE physical test, animals received 100ug of LPS intra-peritoneally. In addition, whole blood cell culture, neutrophils and human endothelial cells were pre-incubated with IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine induced by exercise. AE reduced total protein levels (p<0.01) and neutrophil accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (p<0.01) and lung parenchyma (p<0.01). AE reduced BAL inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta, IL-6 and GM-CSF (p<0.001), CXCL1/KC, IL-17, TNF-alpha and IGF-1 (p<0.01). Systemically, AE reduced IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IFN-gamma (p<0.001), CXCL1/KC (p<0.01) and TNF-alpha (p<0.05). AE increased IL-10 levels in serum (p<0.001) and BAL (p<0.001). Furthermore, AE increased superoxide dismutase SOD (p<0.01) and decreased superoxide anion accumulation in the lungs (p<0.01). Lastly, pre-incubation with IL-10 significantly reduced LPS-induced activation of whole blood cells, neutrophils and HUVECs, as observed by reduced production of IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha. Our data suggest that AE inhibited LPS-induced lung inflammation by attenuating inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers in mice and human cell culture via enhanced IL-10 production.Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2012/15165-2]Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (CNPq) [311335-2015-2]Comissao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) [12804/13-4, 1303/13-9]FAPESP [2013/24076-6, 2014/23196-0, 2012/14604-8, 2012/25435-7, 2012/24880-7]CAPESNove Julho Univ, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilBrazilian Inst Teaching & Res Pulm & Exercise Imm, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, BrazilFed Univ Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Postgrad Program Sci Human Movement & Rehabil, Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Brasil, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Dept Pathol LIM 59, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Lavras UFLA, Sci Dept Hlth, Lavras, MG, BrazilFed Univ Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Campus Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilHarbor UCLA Med Ctr, Div Resp & Crit Care Physiol & Med, Los Angeles Biomed Res Inst, Torrance, CA 90509 USAUniv Tubingen, Inst Clin & Expt Transfus Med IKET, Tubingen, GermanyFed Univ Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Postgrad Program Sci Human Movement & Rehabil, Santos, SP, BrazilFed Univ Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Campus Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilFAPESP [2012/15165-2]CNPq [311335-2015-2]CAPES [12804/13-4, 1303/13-9]FAPESP [2013/24076-6, 2014/23196-0, 2012/14604-8, 2012/25435-7, 2012/24880-7]Web of Scienc

UTILIZAÇÃO DA TERMOGRAFIA INFRAVERMELHA NA DETERMINAÇÃO DE PROPRIEDADES TÉRMICAS DE MATERIAIS PRODUZIDOS A PARTIR DE FIBRA DE BANANEIRA

Por ser um dos maiores produtores mundiais de banana, o Brasil também é um grande gerador de resíduos provenientes desta cultura. Dentre os resíduos, encontra-se o engaço, que pode ser utilizado como matéria prima na fabricação de materiais reciclados, por exemplo, o papel. O papel fabricado com fibra de bananeira pode ser empregado como material de embalagens na indústria de alimentos desde que algumas de suas características sejam conhecidas. Algumas destas características referem-se às propriedades térmicas, sendo as principais: calor específico, condutividade térmica e difusividade térmica. Em meio às metodologias aplicadas para a determinação destas propriedades, tem-se a termografia infravermelha, que é capaz de determinar a temperatura superficial de objetos através da coleta de imagens captadas por uma câmera que converte a radiação emitida por este objeto em sinais elétricos, criando uma imagem térmica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar a termografia infravermelha na determinação das propriedades térmicas de materiais produzidos a partir de fibra de bananeira. Para tanto, observou-se a variação da temperatura superficial da amostra utilizando a termografia infravermelha. Foi implementado, em linguagem FORTRAN®, um algoritmo capaz de simular o decaimento da temperatura quando fornecidos valores da massa específica, calor específico, condutividade térmica e difusividade térmica do material e fluxo térmico imposto à amostra. Variaram-se os valores da condutividade térmica e calor específico, no modelo matemático, até o ajuste da curva numérica com a experimental, encontrando, respectivamente, 0,25 W/(m2.K) e 1220 J/(kg.K). A difusividade térmica foi calculada, indiretamente, sendo encontrado o valor de 6,44 x 10-7 m2/s. Conclui-se que a termografia infravermelha foi capaz de determinar as propriedades desde que alguns parâmetros sejam previamente determinados, como por exemplo, a emissividade da amostra. O modelo matemático foi fundamental como ferramenta de ajuste das curvas

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure &lt;= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Avaliação do estado nutricional e do ganho de peso das gestantes atendidas em um Centro de Saúde da Família do interior norte do estado do Ceará/Brasil.

The objective of this study was to investigate the maternal nutrition status and weight gain during pregnancy in pregnant women who were attended by a Family Health Center. Exploratory, quantitative, descriptive, retrospective study with documentary analysis. Being the subjects of the research, the pregnant women who performed their prenatal care in the referred center. The research was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee with approval number: 1,878,614. It was possible to observe that 45.5% of pregnant women were eutrophic, followed by 34.1% who were overweight. Regarding weight gain, it was detected that 41.4% had gained weight within the normal range. Regarding the nutritional status and age group of 21 to 30 years, 23.58% were overweight. It was observed that pregnant women presenting with urinary infection and Systemic Arterial Hypertension, 0.813% and 1.626%, respectively, were eutrophic. Regarding the association between pressure levels and nutritional status, 39.84% of eutrophic pregnant women were normotensive, followed by 30.89%, who were overweight, but normotensive. Several factors may interfere in the evolution and prognosis of pregnancy, one of them being the maternal nutritional status, emphasizing the approach of the topic "nutrition" among pregnant women due to the risks that the inadequacy of the pregnancy can generate to the binomial.Objetivou-se averiguar o estado de nutrição materno e o ganho de peso na gestação das pacientes grávidas que foram atendidas por um Centro de Saúde da Família. Estudo exploratório, quantitativo, descritivo, retrospectivo com análise documental. Sendo os sujeitos da pesquisa, as gestantes que realizaram seu pré-natal no referido centro. A pesquisa foi submetida ao Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com número de aprovação: 1.878.614. Foi possível observar que 45,5% das gestantes encontravam-se eutrófica, seguida por 34,1% que estavam com sobrepeso. Em relação ao ganho de peso foi detectado que 41,4% haviam ganhado peso dentro da faixa de normalidade. No que se refere ao estado nutricional e faixa etária de 21 a 30 anos, 23,58% estavam com sobrepeso. Foi observado que as gestantes que apresentavam infecção urinária e Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica, 0,813% e 1,626%, respectivamente, eram eutróficas. Em relação a associação entre níveis pressóricos e estado nutricional, 39,84% das gestantes eutróficas eram normotensas, seguido por 30,89%, que encontravam-se com sobrepeso, porém normotensas. Vários fatores podem interferir na evolução e no prognóstico da gravidez, sendo um deles o estado nutricional materno, colocando em destaque a abordagem do tema "nutrição" entre as gestantes em virtude dos riscos que a inadequação da mesma pode gerar ao binômio. Descritores: Estado nutricional, Gestantes, Ganho de peso.Se objetivó averiguar el estado de nutrición materna y la ganancia de peso en la gestación de las pacientes embarazadas que fueron atendidas por un Centro de Salud de la Familia. Estudio exploratorio, cuantitativo, descriptivo, retrospectivo con análisis documental. Siendo los sujetos de la investigación, las gestantes que realizaron su prenatal en dicho centro. La investigación fue sometida al Comité de Ética en Investigación con número de aprobación: 1.878.614. e pudo observar que el 45,5% de las gestantes se encontraban eutróficas, seguido por el 34,1% que tenían sobrepeso. En relación a la ganancia de peso se detectó que el 41,4% había ganado peso dentro del rango de normalidad. En lo que se refiere al estado nutricional y grupo de edad de 21 a 30 años, el 23,58% estaba con sobrepeso. Se observó que las gestantes que presentaban infección urinaria y Hipertensión Arterial Sistémica, el 0,813% y el 1,626%, respectivamente, eran eutróficas. En relación a la asociación entre niveles presóricos y estado nutricional, el 39,84% de las gestantes eutróficas eran normotensas, seguido por el 30,89%, que se encontraban con sobrepeso, pero normotensas. Varios factores pueden interferir en la evolución y el pronóstico del embarazo, siendo uno de ellos el estado nutricional materno, poniendo de relieve el abordaje del tema "nutrición" entre las gestantes en virtud de los riesgos que la inadecuación de la misma puede generar al binomio

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.13Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora