Adenomiosis, ¿la hermana pequeña de la endometriosis?

La adenomiosis es una enfermedad ginecológica muy frecuente y, al mismo tiempo, muy poco conocida. En ocasiones, no causa síntomas o implica únicamente molestias leves. Sin embargo, en muchos otros casos, sí provoca en las mujeres que la padecen fuertes dolores pélvicos, abundante sangrado uterino, dolor intenso durante la menstruación, relaciones sexuales dolorosas y problemas de esterilidad e infertilidad

Así realizamos el primer trasplante de útero en España

Rocío (nombre ficticio), con tan solo 15 años, descubrió que nunca podría ser madre. En 2005, supo que no tenía la menstruación. Así se percató de que no podría tener hijos biológicos porque padecía el síndrome de Rokitansky, un trastorno congénito que afecta a 1 de cada 5 000 mujeres en el mundo. En la mayoría de casos, se caracteriza por la ausencia completa o parcial del útero, de la vagina o de ambos

Plasma homocysteine and vitamin B12 serum levels, red blood cell folate concentrations, C677T methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene mutation and risk of recurrent miscarriage: a case-control study in Spain.

Background: Hyperhomocysteinemia and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene mutation have been postulated as a possible cause of recurrent miscarriage (RM). There is a wide variation in the prevalence of MTHFR polymorphisms and homocysteine (Hcy) plasma levels among populations around the world. The present study was undertaken to investigate the possible association between hyperhomocysteinemia and its causative genetic or acquired factors and RM in Catalonia, a Mediterranean region in Spain. Methods: Sixty consecutive patients with ≥ 3 unexplained RM and 30 healthy control women having at least one child but no previous miscarriage were included. Plasma Hcy levels, MTHFR gene mutation, red blood cell (RBC) folate and vitamin B12 serum levels were measured in all subjects. Results: No significant differences were observed neither in plasma Hcy levels, RBC folate and vitamin B12 serum levels nor in the prevalence of homozygous and heterozygous MTHFR gene mutation between the two groups studied. Conclusions: In the present study RM is not associated with hyperhomocysteinemia, and/or the MTHFR gene mutation

The manipulation of Euribor: An analysis with machine learning classification techniques

The manipulation of the Euro Interbank Offered Rate (Euribor) was an affair which had a great impact on in ternational financial markets. This study tests whether advanced data processing techniques are capable of classifying Euribor panel banks as either manipulating or non-manipulating on the basis of patterns found in quotes submissions. For this purpose, panel banks’ daily contributions have been studied and monthly variables obtained that denote different contribution patterns for Euribor panel banks. Thus, in accordance with the court verdict, banks are categorized as manipulating and non-manipulating and Machine Learning classification techniques such as Supervised Learning, Anomaly Detection and Cluster Analysis are applied in order to discriminate between convicted and acquitted banks. The results show that out of seven manipulative banks, five are detected by Machine Learning using Deep Learning algorithms, all five presenting very similar contribution patterns. This is consistent with Anomaly Detection which confirms that several manipulating banks present similar levels of abnormality in their contributions. In addition, the Cluster Analysis facilitates gathering the five most active banks in illicit actions. In conclusion, administrators and supervisors might find these techniques useful to detect potentially illicit actions by banks involved in the Euribor rate-setting process

A view on Fuzzy Systems for big data: progress and opportunities

Currently, we are witnessing a growing trend in the study and application of problems in the framework of Big Data. This is mainly due to the great advantages which come from the knowledge extraction from a high volume of information. For this reason, we observe a migration of the standard Data Mining systems towards a new functional paradigm that allows at working with Big Data. By means of the MapReduce model and its different extensions, scalability can be successfully addressed, while maintaining a good fault tolerance during the execution of the algorithms. Among the different approaches used in Data Mining, those models based on fuzzy systems stand out for many applications. Among their advantages, we must stress the use of a representation close to the natural language. Additionally, they use an inference model that allows a good adaptation to different scenarios, especially those with a given degree of uncertainty. Despite the success of this type of systems, their migration to the Big Data environment in the different learning areas is at a preliminary stage yet. In this paper, we will carry out an overview of the main existing proposals on the topic, analyzing the design of these models. Additionally, we will discuss those problems related to the data distribution and parallelization of the current algorithms, and also its relationship with the fuzzy representation of the information. Finally, we will provide our view on the expectations for the future in this framework according to the design of those methods based on fuzzy sets, as well as the open challenges on the topicSpanish Ministry of Science and Technology under project TIN2014-57251-P; the Andalusian Research Plan P11-TIC-7765; and both the University of Ja´en and Caja Rural Provincial de Ja´en under project UJA2014/06/15

Factores asociados a la adherencia terapéutica en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2,que asisten al Centro de Salud Carlos Rugama, Managua–Nicaragua, II semestre 2019

El objetivo de la investigación cuantitativa es el de adquirir conocimientos fundamentales y la elección del modelo más adecuado que nos permita conocer la realidad de una manera más imparcial ya que se recogen y analizan los datos a través de los conceptos y variables. El presente trabajo titulado: Factores asociados a la adherencia terapéutica en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, que asisten al Centro de Salud Carlos Rugama, Managua –Nicaragua, II semestre 2019. Es un estudio descriptivo y de corte transversal. Los pacientes que participaron en este estudio en su mayoría se caracterizan por ser mayores de 51 años,casados, son amas de casa y con estudios primarios, con respecto a los factores asociados a la adherencia terapéutica se encontraron los relacionados con el paciente y el tratamiento. La mayoría de los adultos son no adherentes al tratamiento es decir no cumplen con las indicaciones dadas por el personal de salud. Los instrumentos para la recolección de datos fueron: cuestionario sobre factores o dimensiones de la OMS, escala de riesgo de no adherencia al tratamiento por factores socioeconómicos, relacionados con él paciente y el tratamiento y test de Morisky–Green–Levine, estos instrumentos son estandarizados para abordar el tema de adherencia al tratamiento según la OMS

Comprehensive analysis of three TYK2 gene variants in the susceptibility to Chagas disease infection and cardiomyopathy

Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is a member of the Janus kinases family implicated in the signal transduction of type I interferons and several interleukins. It has been described that genetic mutations within TYK2 lead to multiple deleterious effects in the immune response. In this work, we have analyzed three functional independent variants from the frequency spectrum on the TYK2 gene (common and low-frequency variants) suggested to reduce the function of the gene in mediating cytokine signaling and the susceptibility to infections by Trypanosoma cruzi and/or the development of Chagas cardiomyopathy in the Colombian population. A total of 1,323 individuals from a Colombian endemic region for Chagas disease were enrolled in the study. They were classified as seronegative (n = 445), seropositive asymptomatic (n = 336), and chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy subjects (n = 542). DNA samples were genotyped using TaqMan probes. Our results showed no statistically significant differences between the allelic frequencies of the three analyzed variants when seropositive and seronegative individuals were compared, therefore these variants were not associated with susceptibility to Chagas disease. Moreover, when Chagas cardiomyopathy patients were compared to asymptomatic patients, no significant associations were found. Previous reports highlighted the association of this gene in immune-related disorders under an autoimmunity context, but not predisposing patients to infectious diseases, which is consistent with our findings. Therefore, according to our results, TYK2 gene variants do not seem to play an important role in Chagas disease susceptibility and/or chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy.This work has received support from the grant nº 1102-519-29071 from the Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, Colciencias (http://www.colciencias.gov.co), and the Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia, CIG. This study is part of the “Red Iberoamericana de Medicina Genómica en Enfermedad de Chagas” (RIMGECH-217RT0524). MAH is recipient of a Juan de la Cierva fellowship (FJCI-2015-24028) and FDC is recipient of a grant from the Ramon y Cajal programme (RYC-2014-16458), both from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness

Altered clock gene expression in obese visceral adipose tissue is associated with metabolic syndrome

Clock gene expression was associated with different components of metabolic syndrome (MS) in human adipose tissue. However, no study has been done to compare the expression of clock genes in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from lean and obese subjects and its clinical implications. Therefore, we studied in lean and obese women the endogenous 24 h expression of clock genes in isolated adipocytes and its association with MS components. VAT was obtained from lean (BMI 21-25 kg/m2; n = 21) and morbidly obese women (BMI >40 kg/m2; n = 28). The 24 h pattern of clock genes was analyzed every 6 hours using RT-PCR. Correlation of clinical data was studied by Spearman analysis. The 24 h pattern of clock genes showed that obesity alters the expression of CLOCK, BMAL1, PER1, CRY2 and REV-ERB ALPHA in adipocytes with changes found in CRY2 and REV-ERB ALPHA throughout the 24 h period. The same results were confirmed in VAT and stromal cells (SC) showing an upregulation of CRY2 and REV-ERB ALPHA from obese women. A positive correlation was observed for REV-ERB ALPHA gene expression with BMI and waist circumference in the obese population. Expression of ROR ALPHA was correlated with HDL levels and CLOCK with LDL. Obese subjects with MS exhibited positive correlation in the PER2 gene with LDL cholesterol, whereas REV-ERB ALPHA was correlated with waist circumference. We identified CRY2 and REV-ERB ALPHA as the clock genes upregulated in obesity during the 24 h period and that REV-ERB ALPHA is an important gene associated with MS

Shifts in the protist community associated with an anticyclonic gyre in the Alboran Sea (Mediterranean Sea)

The diversity of protists was researched in the Alboran Sea (SW Mediterranean Sea) by means of high-throughput sequencing technologies based on the amplification of the V9 region of 18S rRNA. Samples were collected at different depths in seven stations following an environmental gradient from a coastal upwelling zone to the core of an oligotrophic anticyclonic gyre (AG). Sampling was performed during summer, when the water column was stratified. The superphyla Alveolata, Stramenopila and Rhizaria accounted for 84% of the total operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The most diverse groups were Dinophyceae (21% of OTUs), Marine Alveolates-II (MALV-II; 20%), Ciliophora (9%) and MALV-I (6%). In terms of read abundance, the predominant groups were Dinophyceae (29%), Bacillariophyta (14%), MALV-II (11%) and Ciliophora (11%). Samples were clustered into three groups according to the sampling depth and position. The shallow community in coastal stations presented distinguishable patterns of diatoms and ciliates compared with AG stations. These results indicate that there was a strong horizontal coupling between phytoplankton and ciliate communities. Abundance of Radiolaria and Syndiniales increased with depth. Our analyses demonstrate that the stratification disruption produced by the AG caused shifts in the trophic ecology of the plankton assemblages inducing a transition from bottom-up to top-down control.Versión del editor3,40