Psychometric properties of a new scale of values for ApS

El ApS es una estrategia con claros efectos en la literatura sobre los valores, y más concretamente, sobre la sostenibilidad curricular en el ámbito académico. Esta incluye casos reales y generalmente complejos, caracterizados por un fuerte componente ético y de reflexión crítica. En el caso particular de la Universidad, ha demostrado ser una herramienta eficaz en la adquisición de competencias académicas. No obstante, restan muchas cuestiones subyacentes a la medición de los efectos, tanto a corto como a largo plazo. Por este motivo, se propuso un nuevo cuestionario en valores contextualizado en la realidad del ApS. En este sentido, tras una fase cualitativa de desarrollo, focalizada en la validez de contenido, se desarrollaron dos fases para valorar las propiedades psicométricas: tanto a nivel exploratorio como confirmatorio a través de dos muestras independientes de estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados mostraron una óptima bondad de ajuste. Esto nos sugiere que la herramienta podría emplearse en la evaluación del impacto del ApS en valores, y de este modo, aportar y recibir los beneficios que de esta pedagogía se desprenden.The learning service is a strategy with clear effects in the literature on values, and more specifically, on the curricular sustainability in the academic field. This includes real and generally complex cases, characterized by a strong ethical component and critical reflection. In the particular case of the University, it has proven to be an effective tool in the acquisition of academic competences. However, many underlying issues remain to the measurement of the effects, both short and long term. For this reason, a new questionnaire on values contextualized in this reality was proposed. In this way, after a qualitative phase of development, focused on the content validity, two phases were developed to assess the psychometric properties: both at the exploratory and confirmatory levels through two independent samples of university students. The results showed an optimum goodness of fit. This suggests that the tool could be used in the evaluation of the impact on values, with benefits of this pedagogy.peerReviewe

Are all Semitic languages immune to letter transpositions? The case of Maltese

Recent research using the rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm with English sentences that included words with letter transpositions (e.g., jugde) has shown that participants can readily reproduce the correctly spelled sentences with little cost; in contrast, there is a dramatic reading cost with root-derived Hebrew words (Velan & Frost, Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 14:913–918, 2007, Cognition 118:141–156, 2011). This divergence could be due to (1) the processing of root-derived words in Semitic languages or (2) the peculiarities of the transitional probabilities in root-derived Hebrew words. Unlike Hebrew, Maltese is a Semitic language that does not omit vowel information in print and whose morphology also has a significant non-Semitic (mostly Romance) morphology. Here, we employed the same RSVP technique used by Velan and Frost (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 14:913–918, 2007, Cognition 118:141–156, 2011), this time with Maltese (and English) sentences. The results showed that Maltese–English bilinguals were able to reproduce the Maltese words—regardless of whether they were misspelled (involving the transposition of two letters from the consonantal root) or not, with no reading cost—just as in English. The apparent divergences between the RSVP data with Hebrew versus Maltese sentences are likely due to the combination of the characteristics of the Hebrew orthographic system with the Semitic morphology.peer-reviewe

To Google or not : differences on how online searches predict names and faces

Word and face recognition are processes of interest for a large number of fields, including both clinical psychology and computer calculations. The research examined here aims to evaluate the role of an online frequency’s ability to predict both face and word recognition by examining the stability of these processes in a given amount of time. The study will further examine the differences between traditional theories and current contextual frequency approaches. Reaction times were recorded through both a logarithmic transformation and through a Bayesian approach. The Bayes factor notation was employed as an additional test to support the evidence provided by the data. Although differences between face and name recognition were found, the results suggest that latencies for both face and name recognition are stable for a period of six months and online news frequencies better predict reaction time for both classical frequentist analyses. These findings support the use of the contextual diversity approach

Learning Corners in University Music Education: a proposal for implementation and assessment

For teacher training, it is necessary to use innovative methodologies that allow students to experiment with them, as well as to obtain tools for their future work as teachers. This is true in the case of the methodology called "Learning corners", which we implemented and assessed in this research. A learning corners strategy was designed for 54 students studying for a Master's degree in Primary Education, within the music didactics module. The methodology included individual and collaborative activities in work teams. The results of the assessment revealed that this methodology promotes autonomy, motivation and learning, resulting in a useful resource for future teachers

Testing Motivacional theories in Music Education: the role of Effort and Gratitude

Acquiring musical skills requires sustained effort over long periods of time. This work aims to explore the variables involved in sustaining motivation in music students, including perceptions about one's own skills, satisfaction with achievements, effort, the importance of music in one's life, and perception of the sacrifice made. Two models were developed in which the variable of gratitude was included to integrate positive psychology into the motivational area of music education. The first predicts effort, while the second predicts gratitude. The models were tested using a sample of 84 music students. Both models were fitted using Bayesian analysis techniques to examine the relationship between variables and showed adequate goodness of fit. These models emphasize the role of cognition and motivation in music education and, more precisely, the relationship between effort and gratitude

Social Vulnerability and COVID-19 Vaccine in Spain

Different analyses show that the design of vaccination policies should especially protect the most vulnerable social groups, since the level of acceptance is determined by the population’s knowledge, attitude and concerns about the safety and efficacy of vaccines. The objective of this work will be to detect the most socially vulnerable groups with respect to COVID-19 and to analyze the factors that influence predisposition to vaccination. This is a cross-sectional study using data from the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS) on the Effects and Consequences of Coronavirus (Study 3346 of December 2021). Sociodemographic variables (sex, age, employment status, studies and subjective class identification) were extracted, as well as the answers to the questions indicating the attitude towards vaccination, corresponding to questions 7,8,10 and 11 of the study. The most vulnerable group was lower class women (self-perceived), under 45 years of age with lower educational level, unemployed or performing unpaid work in the home. Most of them are not predisposed to vaccinate only because of the obligation to do so, mainly due to lack of belief in the power and efficacy of vaccines, as well as fear of health risks/collateral side effects. The lower vaccine uptake in this vulnerable population group may be due to a lack of awareness and lower trust in the authorities, as well as the benefits of the vaccine, which could be related to a lack of policy targeting the most socially vulnerable populations.The results of this article are part of a project funded by the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS) through the call “Subvenciones para formación e investigación en materias de interés para el organismo para el año 2022”. Call code: BDNS: 609943.Psicologí

Older Adults and Positive Mental Health during the Second and Sixth COVID-19 Waves in Spain

The spread of the COVID-19 virus was a worldwide phenomenon, which was unprecedented in modern times. The restriction measures can be perceived as a heavy burden for mental health during this period, particularly for some groups. The aim of this study is to examine a positive mental health model across ages, where a moderated mediation model is proposed involving sex differences and confidence in coping with COVID-19. Two independent samples were studied during the second and sixth waves in Spain: n = 2861 and n = 2462, respectively. The main conclusions can be described as follows: (i) while age was not related to mental health during the second wave, a positive relationship was found between it and the sixth one; (ii) age was positively related to the confidence in coping with COVID-19 during both of the waves; (iii) women showed worse scores for the variables in the study than the men did during the second wave, but this pattern was reversed in the sixth one; (iv) after a moderated mediation model on the relationship between age and positive mental health in terms of confidence in coping with COVID-19 and sex, an interaction was found for the second wave but not for the sixth one. These results suggest that older adults and women would develop more strategies and resources for a positive mental health across time.The results of this article are part of a project funded by the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS) through the call “Subvenciones para formación e investigación en materias de interés para el organismo para el año 2022”. Call code: BDNS: 609943.Educació

Depresión en personas mayores: Aplicación del método de Bayes

En el presente trabajo se realiza, en primer lugar, una descripción de la sintomatología depresiva en general y en la población de personas mayores en particular. A su vez, se exponen una serie de variables que podrían estar relacionadas con la presencia o ausencia de esta sintomatología. Estas variables son edad, género, estado civil, deterioro cognitivo, dependencia física, estilo de afrontamiento y bienestar psicológico. A partir de estas variables, se realiza un análisis probabilístico empleando el Método de Bayes, herramienta novedosa en el campo de la investigación psicológica. La investigación se llevó a cabo en 66 sujetos mayores de 65 años, y los instrumentos utilizados para recabar información fueron la Prueba de Vocabulario de la Escala de lnteligencia de Wechsler para Adultos- lll, la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica de Yesavage, el Cuestionario de Afrontamiento de Estrés, las Escalas de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff, el Mini Examen Cognoscitivo y el fndice de Barthel. Los resultados reflejan que, para nuestra muestra, no existiría relación entre la sintomatología depresiva y las variables de género, edad, estado civil e independencia física. Por el contrario, la ausencia de síntomas depresivos muestra una relación directa y positiva tanto con la variable deterioro cognitivo como el estilo de afrontamiento positivo (centrado en la focalización de problemas). Finalmente, el bienestar psicológico parece estar fuertemente ligado a la ausencia de sintomatología depresiva