How useful are monetary policy rules to deal with inflation: The Spanish case.

The role of monetary policy rules to explain the behaviour of central banks has received an increasing attention during the last few years. The Spanish case could be of interest given that, with an inflation above the European average, was able to conduct its monetary policy and to control the inflation in order to join the European monetary union. But after the adoption of the European Central Bank’s monetary policy in January 1999, a higher inflation can be observed. In this paper we explore whether the monetary policy performed by the Bank of Spain would have follow a monetary policy rule, and to which extent monetary rules contribute to achieve the goal of inflation.Monetary policy rules, inflation.

Datos para la Paleontología Chilena. La Paleontología en la expedición Heuland a Chile y Perú (1795-1800)

[ES] This paper deals with the first paleontological collecting in Chile in sites well known today. These collectings were carried out in the sole totally geological expedition of those undertook by the Spanish state during the XVIII and XIX centuries. All the paleontological material collected by the expedition members is listed, incluiding the specimens retrieval by the authors amongst the historical collections of the present Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales of Madrid, Spain.[ES] El presente trabajo tiene interés por representar las primeras colectas documentadas de fósiles en territorio chileno, alguna de ellas en zonas hoy bien conocidas de este país. Estas, se realizaron en la única expedición totalmente geológica de todas las que llevó a cabo el Estado español a los diferentes virreinatos en los siglos XVIII y XIX. Además de citar el material paleontológico colectado por los expedicionarios, se incluyen los únicos ejemplares paleontológicos de aquella expedición recuperados por los autores entre los fondos históricos del actual Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid, España.Peer reviewe

CWDM self-referencing sensor network based on ring resonators in reflective configuration

A new scalable self-referencing sensor network with low insertion losses implemented in Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) technology is reported. It allows obtaining remote self-referenced measurements with a full-duplex fibre downlead up to 35 km long, with no need for optical amplification. Fibre Bragg gratings (FBG) are used in order to achieve a reflective configuration, thus increasing the sensitivity of the optical transducers. Low-cost off-the-shelf devices in CWDM technology can be used to implement and scale the network. Ring resonator (RR) based incoherent interferometers at the measuring points are used as selfreferencing technique. A theoretical analysis of power budget of the topology is reported, with a comparison between the proposed network and a conventional star topology. Finally, the new configuration has been experimentally demonstrated.This work has been supported by CICYT:TIC2003-03783, UC3M:FAVICOBIS and CAM:FACTOTEM-CM (S-0505/ESP/000417).Publicad

Approach to Intellectual History and the Intellectual Subject

Intellectual history has been approached in different ways by different schools of thought, in terms of its conception and methodological treatment. We can mention, among the main ones, the French School, and the Cambridge School; as well as the Begriffsgeschichte or history of concepts. The bibliography that addresses the main features of these currents is significantly abundant and is constantly growing, since the debate is still open, which allows it to be enriched by different views and multidisciplinary approaches. The intellectual history we are dealing with in this text refers to the "historiographic area dedicated to the study and analysis of the elaboration of discourses and their different appropriations over time, the intellectual aspects of historical knowledge".   CITE THIS PAPER: Remigio Montero, María del Carmen (2022). " Approach to intellectual history and the intellectual subject" Journal of Social Sciences: Transformations & Transitions (JOSSTT) 2(05):21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52459/josstt2521052

Monetary unions under financial shocks: do fiscal rules matter?

The recent problems generated by the economic and financial crisis have led to some debate on the role of economic policies. The question is to which extent a specific monetary policy regime would impose a restriction to policymakers. In particular, the cost of losing independence in the use of the exchange rate and monetary policy, and the restrictions derived from the fiscal discipline required for supporting monetary agreements. As an example we can think on the expected success of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), related to the benefits of the single currency, the higher degree of integration of financial markets, and also to the sound public finances guaranteed by the set of fiscal rules provided by EMU. When signing the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP), Member States committed themselves to reach a medium-term budgetary position close to balance. The Maastricht Treaty stresses as basic that the Member States of the EMU should avoid excessive deficits, and the reference values for deficit-to-GDP and debt-to GDP ratios have worked in fact as an explicit fiscal rule. But, in practice, the policy orientation of the SGP has not been fully satisfied. This has opened a debate about the utility and effectiveness of fiscal rules in EMU, and on their complementarities with discretionary fiscal policy measures and automatic stabilisers to deal with short-run fluctuations. The aim of this paper is to investigate how to deal with monetary (financial) shocks in a monetary union following fiscal rules. In particular, we will analyse the interaction among those members showing a relatively high level of public debt and those that seem to follow a more strict fiscal discipline

Cuantificación y representación gráfica de los materiales ceramicos mayas: una propuesta metodológica.

Sin resume

Chapter Multimode Graded-Index Optical Fibers for Next-Generation Broadband Access

Applied optic

Self-Referencing Fiber-Optic Intensity Sensors Using Ring Resonators and Fiber Bragg Gratings

An improved ring resonator self-referencing technique in a new reflection configuration for remote fiber-optic intensity sensors is demonstrated using fiber Bragg gratings. Sensor sensitivity doubles and a single fiber lead is used. The sensor is interrogated at two subcarrier frequencies having a high rejection of interference from laser source intensity fluctuations and loss in the fiber lead. We experimentally demonstrate the efficiency of the new reflection configuration, the usefulness of the theoretical model proposed, and discuss design parameters for optimum insertion lossesThis work was supported in part by CICYT (TIC2003-03783 and TEC2006-13273-C03-03-MIC), in part by UC3M (FAVICOBIS), in part by CAM (FACTOTEM-CM:S-0505/ESP/000417), and in part by COST 299.Publicad