Cuestiones sin resolver en la Ley integral de medidas contra la violencia de género : las distinciones entre sexo y género, y entre violencia y agresión

El siguiente artículo presenta dos debates teóricos, la distinción entre sexo y género, y entre violencia y agresión, para analizar el modo en el que éstos se encuentran presentes en la Ley integral de medidas contra la violencia de género. Desgranaremos las consecuencias que comportan las concepciones de violencia y género implícitas en la Ley, así como el modelo de relaciones que contribuye a reproducir.This article introduces two theoretical discussions, the distinction between sex and gender and between violence and aggression, in order to analyse them in the Framework Law on integrated protection measures against gender violence. We show the consequences of the definitions of violence and gender in that law, which contribute to reproduce the present relationship system

Activated char from the co-pyrolysis of polystyrene and olive stone mixtures for the adsorption of CO2

Yogurt plastic containers made of polystyrene (PS), olive stone, and mixtures of both have been converted into activated carbon materials transforming them firstly into char via pyrolysis and secondly with activation using either KOH or H2SO4. The pyrolysis of the olive stone gave a higher yield of material than the plastic PS. However, the activation of the PS char with KOH was more effective, reaching surface areas of 508 vs 194 m2 g−1 of the corresponding prepared with olive stone. The prepared materials were tested as CO2 adsorbent in thermobalance and fixed-be column assays. The materials activated with H2SO4 slightly enhanced the adsorption ability of the original char but were far from the performance obtained with KOH activation. The CO2 isotherms showed high synergy of CO2 uptake and selectivity when using activated chars prepared with the char from the mixture of raw materials, specially at a 1:1 mass ratio. The isosteric heat of adsorption values were those expected for a physisorption process. Further experiments in a fixed-bed column were also studied at atmospheric pressure at different inlet CO2 concentrations (10–50%). The CO2 retention increased as the partial CO2 pressure rose. Besides, a very similar performance of the material prepared with plastic and olive stones was obtained at 50%, i.e. 220 and 197 mg g−1 respectively. At low CO2 concentrations, the materials enriched with plastic displayed better performance than those prepared with olive stone. Cycles of adsorption-desorption were carried out in the column to assess the stability of the materials. The curves obtained did not display any substantial change, demonstrating the lack of adsorption retention

Gender differences in body image and its relevance in body weight control

La adolescencia es la etapa más vulnerable para la aparición de problemas relacionados con la imagen corporal. Este estudio examinó las diferencias entre chicos y chicas adolescentes (13-18 años) en el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), la percepción y satisfacción con la imagen corporal, y hacer dieta para perder peso. Los resultados muestran que las chicas, a pesar de presentar menor sobrepeso y obesidad que los chicos varones, estaban más insatisfechas con su imagen corporal, se percibían más gordas y tendían a realizar dietas para controlar su peso con mayor frecuencia que los chicos. Por otro lado, tanto en chicos como en chicas, la percepción corporal tomó mayor importancia a la hora de predecir la conducta de hacer dieta que la adecuación del peso en base al IMC. Además, en las chicas, la satisfacción corporal se colocaba también por delante del IMC en dicha predicción. Los resultados de este estudio ponen de relieve la importancia de tener en cuenta las percepciones de los adolescentes sobre su imagen corporal a la hora de diseñar, desarrollar e implantar programas de intervención destinados a la prevención y tratamiento de trastornos alimenticios. Así mismo, las diferencias de género encontradas, apuntan a la necesidad de tener en cuenta las distintas percepciones de chicas y chicos para aumentar las probabilidades de éxito de las intervenciones.Adolescence is the most vulnerable stage for the emergence of body image issues. This study examined the differences between boys and girls (ranging from 13 to 18 years old) in Body Mass Index (BMI), perception of and satisfaction with their body image, and dieting to lose weight. The results show that girls, although being less overweight and obese than boys, were more dissatisfied with their body image, had a greater perception of obesity, and tended to diet to control their weight with greater frequency. In both groups, body image perception was more relevant than the adjusted bodyweight calculated by BMI in predicting behaviour regarding dieting to lose weight. Furthermore, body image satisfaction was also more relevant than BMI in predicting dieting in girls. The results highlight the importance of taking into account adolescents' perceptions of their body image when designing, developing, and implementing intervention programs aimed at the prevention and treatment of eating disorders. Moreover, the gender differences found imply the need to take into account the differing perceptions of boys and girls to improve the likelihood of success of interventions

RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED TO SUICIDE ATTEMPT IN ADOLESCENCE. YARA 2007¬2009.

El suicidio, como una de las causas mas frecuentes de defunción a escala mundial, plantea un problema de gran magnitud, que justifica los esfuerzos a desarrollar por las organizaciones de salud en diferentes latitudes para prevenir y controlar los intentos suicidas en la población.  El presente trabajo aborda el estudio observacional del tipo, casos y controles, con los pacientes reportados como intento suicida entre enero del 2007 y diciembre del 2009 pertenecientes al municipio de Yara, con el objetivo de comparar la diferencia entre ellos y personas supuestamente sanas con relación a factores psicológicos, familiares, biológicas y  psicosociales esenciales de riesgo de la conducta suicida. Se estudiaron 92 pacientes y 184 personas controles. Se les aplico un cuestionario de recogida de datos diseñado al efecto, los resultados se sometieron a análisis porcentual y al estadígrafo Odd Ratio. Se concluyo que excite diferencias significativas entre las personas supuestamente sanas y con intento suicida con relaciona los factores estudiados y se encontró que los factores: manejo inadecuado del adolescente ( el mas fuertemente asociado ), depresión, violencia familiar, falta de afecto, sentimientos de desesperanza, tienen relación significativa de casualidad con la conducta suicida, mientras que los factores biológicos y psicológicos no guardan relación significativa de casualidad con esta conducta, en nuestro estudio.Suicide as one of the most frequent causes of death in the world, states a huge problem that justifies the efforts of several health organizations in different latitudes in order to prevent and control the suicide attempts in the population. This work refers to the observational research of the type, cases and controls with the patients reported as suicide attempts since January 2007 to December 2009, in Yara, with the objective to compare the difference among the patients and the apparently health people in regard to the main psychological, familiar, biologic, psychosocial risk factors of the suicide behaviour. There were analyzed 92 patients and 184 controls. There were applied a questionnaire of data developed for that purpose, the results were analyzed in percentage and in ODD ratio estadigraph.  As a conclusion it can be said that there are significant differences among apparently health people and people with suicide attempt in relation to the studied factors, and it was noticed that unappropiated adolescent handling, depression, familiar violence, lack of affection, feelings of hopeless, have a significative relation to suicide behaviour while the biological and psychological factors do not have meaningful relation to this behaviour in our research

Mapping of the atmospheric deposition of sulfur and nitrogen during the dry season 2016 in the Metropolitan zone of Merida, Yucatan, Mexico

Abstract. Atmospheric deposition of sulfur and nitrogen was measured in the Metropolitan Area of Merida, Yucatan in Mexico during the dry season of 2016. Passive samplers type "throughfall" based on ion exchange resins were used to measure the hydrological flows in a total of 9 sampling sites distributed throughout the city. The ions retained in the resin were analyzed by turbidimetry and colorimetry to determine Ammonium, Nitrate and Sulfate. Deposition fluxes of S and N obtained were 6.25 and 5.19 Kg ha-1 yr-1. Both, sulfur and nitrogen atmospheric deposition fluxes were higher in urban sites, exceeding almost 2 times, the reference values proposed internationally for sensitive ecosystems. From the analysis of wind roses and air masses trajectories, it was possible to establish that during this climatic season, in addition to the local vehicular emissions, regional emissions generated upwind (from E-SE) contributed to atmospheric deposition of these ions. Finally, N and S deposition fluxes and their relationship with criteria pollutants were assessed, and maps for atmospheric deposition fluxes of Ammonium, Sulfate and Nitrate were generated using geo-statistical tools in order to identify critical deposition zones in this Metropolitan zone

Desarrollo de metodologías de apoyo basadas en el uso de plataformas virtuales de enseñanza para asignaturas de planes de estudio en extinción

En este trabajo se presenta una experiencia sobre la aplicación de diversas metodologías de apoyo cuyo objetivo principal es ofrecer a los alumnos de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Navales (ETSIN) de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) pertenecientes a un Plan de Estudios en extinción (Plan 2002) y del que ya han dejado e recibir clases presenciales en los primeros cursos, las herramientas adecuadas por medio de la plataforma virtual Moodle, para que puedan prepararse con garantías de éxito los exámenes finales de estas asignaturas, evitando cambiar obligatoriamente de plan de estudios. Se pretende dar a conocer a los profesores de las asignaturas sin docencia, la posibilidad de diseñar una metodología con tres niveles distintos de aprendizaje, solicitar el alta en el espacio virtual de enseñanza de aquellas asignaturas que no figuren en la plataforma virtual y poner a disposición del alumno el material necesario para lograr superar la asignatura. Los objetivos principales para el alumno son posibilitar el aprendizaje autónomo mediante recursos docentes y actividades alojados en la plataforma virtual, de forma que pueda estudiar la asignatura según el nivel de seguimiento que exija la misma

+A 5680-year tree-ring temperature record for southern South America

It is widely documented that the Earth’s surface temperatures have increased in recent decades. However, temperature increment patterns are not uniform around the globe, showing different or even contrasting trends. Here we present a mean maximum summer temperature record, based on tree-ring widths, over the past 5682 years (3672BC e 2009AD) for southern South America (SSA), covering from mid-Holocene to the present. This is the longest such record for the Southern Hemisphere (SH), and expands available annual proxy climate records for this region in more than 2060 years. Our record explains 49% of the temperature variation, and documents two major warm periods between 3140 e2800BC and 70BC e 150AD, which coincide with the lack of evidence of glacier advances in SSA. Recent decades in the reconstruction (1959e2009) show a warming trend that is not exceptional in the context of the last five millennia. The long-term relationship between our temperature reconstruction and a reconstructed total solar irradiance record, with coinciding cycles at 293, 372, 432e434, 512 and 746 years, indicate a persistent influence of solar forcing on centennial climate variability in SSA. At interannual to interdecadal scales, reconstructed temperature is mainly related to the internal climate variability of the Pacific Ocean, including El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and longer oscillations. Our ~ study reveals the need to characterize regional-scale climate variability and its drivers, which in the context of global-scale processes such as anthropogenic warming, interact to modulate local climate affecting humans and ecosystems.Fil: Lara, Antonio. Center for Climate and Resilience Research; Chile. Universidad Austral de Chile; Chile. Fundación Centro de los Bosques Nativos; ChileFil: Villalba, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Urrutia Jalabert, Rocío. Center for Climate and Resilience Research; Chile. Instituto Forestal; Chile. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: González Reyes, Álvaro. Center for Climate and Resilience Research; Chile. Universidad Austral de Chile; Chile. Universidad Mayor; ChileFil: Aravena, Juan Carlos. Universidad de Magallanes; ChileFil: Luckman, Brian Henry. Western University; CanadáFil: Cuq, Emilio. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Rodríguez, Carmen Gloria. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Wolodarsky Franke, Alexia. Cooperativa Calahuala; Chil

Enteritis rádica y nutrición artificial: presentación de un caso

Radiation enteritis is caused by intestinal toxicity after radiotherapy. There is micro and macroscopic damage, and its late presentation is characterized by malabsorption. We present the case of a 69-year-old woman with a history of endometrial carcinoma treated by surgery, chemo and radiotherapy. She consulted for vomiting and di- arrhea, and presented clinical and analytical data of malnutrition. Enteral nutrition was prescribed but later it was necessary to initiate home parenteral nutrition. The potential appearance of this condition limits the maximum dose of radiotherapy and may compromise its efficacy. It is important to plan an early nutritional support as it will condition its evolution.La enteritis rádica se produce por toxicidad intestinal tras radioterapia. Existe daño microscópico y macroscópico, y su presentación tardía se caracteriza por malabsorción. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 69 años con antecedente de carcinoma de endometrio tratado mediante cirugía, quimioterapia y radioterapia. Consultó por vómitos y diarrea, y presentaba datos clínicos y analíticos de desnutrición. Se pautó nutrición enteral pero posteriormente fue necesario iniciar nutrición parenteral domiciliaria. La potencial aparición de este cuadro limita la dosis máxima de radioterapia y puede comprometer su eficacia. Es importante planificar el soporte nutricional temprano ya que condicionará su evolución

Effects of Sepsis on Immune Response, Microbiome and Oxidative Metabolism in Preterm Infants

This is a narrative review about the mechanisms involved in bacterial sepsis in preterm infants, which is an illness with a high incidence, morbidity, and mortality. The role of the innate immune response and its relationship with oxidative stress in the pathogenesis are described as well as their potential implementation as early biomarkers. Moreover, we address the impact that all the mechanisms triggered by sepsis have on the dysbiosis and the changes on neonatal microbiota