Determinación espectrofotométrica de la evolución del color de frutos durante la maduración post-recolección.

Se busca con este objetivos basados en variación presentan a lo de frutos. trabajo la obtención de criterios acuellas longitudes de onda que más largo de la maduración post-recolección Se ha seguido la ¡evolución de dos variedades de pera ("Blanquilla" y "Decana de Comice") y dos de manzana ("Golden Delicious" y "Starking") durante el periodo de maduración post recolección. Se han tomado muestras periódicas de cinco frutos de cada variedad y de cada uno de ellos, sobre la piel, se ha obtenido una curva espectrofotométrica y otra de su primera derivada mediante un espectrofotómetro Perkin-Elmer 555 dotado de una esfera integradora. El espectro estudiado abarca desde 340 hasta 800 nanómetros, es decir, el visible. Las curvas obtenidas han sido sometidas a tratamiento estadístico y a partir de los resultados derivados del mismo se han elegido un grupo de longitudes de onda para someterlas a análisis discriminante. A partir del mismo se establecen los criterios que mejor discriminan la variación de los frutos a lo largo de la maduración, toara cada variedad ensayada

Teamwork Competence Professor s Self-Assessment, a Study Case in the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid

Teamwork Competence Professors Self-Assessment, a Study Case in the Universidad Politecnica de Madri

Influência do gênero e da idade: satisfação no trabalho de profissionais da saúde

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the influence of gender and age on the quality of the professional lives of health care professionals at a university hospital. METHOD: a total of 546 professionals completed a general questionnaire that measured sociodemographic variables and evaluated job satisfaction using a scale adopted from the NTP 394 Job Satisfaction scale and translated into Spanish. RESULTS: overall, 77.2% of the professionals surveyed were satisfied with the work they perform. With regards to gender, we found overwhelming evidence of the feminization of practically all health care professions included in the study, with higher levels of job satisfaction among women than men. Regarding age, 20-30-year-olds and professionals over 61 years old showed higher satisfaction levels than did middle-aged professionals. Higher levels of dissatisfaction were reported by professionals between 41 and 50 years old. CONCLUSIONS: we were able to detect the influence of gender and age on the level of job satisfaction, finding significant associations between job satisfaction and both of these variables. Generally, women expressed more satisfaction than men, and elderly professionals showed higher satisfaction compared to younger professionals. Management policies should focus on taking action to correct the conditions that produce dissatisfaction among certain groups of employees.OBJETIVO: analizar la influencia del género y edad en la satisfacción de la vida laboral en los profesionales sanitarios de un Hospital Universitario. MÉTODO: la muestra quedó constituida por 546 profesionales, administrándose un cuestionario general con variables sociodemográficas y otro específico, el NTP 394 Satisfacción Laboral: escala general de satisfacción adaptada y validada al castellano. RESULTADOS: en general un 77,2% se encuentra satisfecho con el trabajo que desempeña. En relación al género, se evidencia la feminización de prácticamente todas las profesiones sanitarias sin excepción, quedando patente niveles de satisfacción superior en las mujeres. La edad, presenta niveles más elevados de satisfacción en profesionales de edades entre 20 y 30 años y en los mayores de 61; en contrapartida los niveles de insatisfacción se presentan en los profesionales de edades comprendidas entre 41 y 50 años. CONCLUSIONES: podemos delimitar la influencia del género y la edad en los niveles de satisfacción laboral, obteniéndose asociaciones significativas en ambas variables; respecto al género, las mujeres se muestran más satisfechas y en cuanto a la edad los profesionales de mayor edad muestran mayor satisfacción. Así, las líneas de gestión deben orientarse al establecimiento de acciones de mejora en aquellas variables que producen insatisfacción.OBJETIVO: analisar a influência do gênero e da idade na satisfação no trabalho de profissionais da saúde num hospital universitário. MÉTODO: a amostra foi constituída por 546 profissionais, aos quais foi administrado um questionário genérico, contendo variáveis sociodemográficas e um questionário específico, o NTP 394: Satisfação no Trabalho: Escala de Satisfação Global adaptada e validada para o castelhano. RESULTADOS: de modo geral, 77,2% da amostra manifestou estar satisfeita com o trabalho que realiza. Quanto ao gênero, foi evidenciada a feminização de praticamente todas as profissões em saúde, sem exceções, sendo que as mulheres manifestaram níveis mais elevados de satisfação. Com relação à idade, as faixas etárias que manifestaram os níveis mais elevados de satisfação foram entre 20 e 30 anos e acima de 61 anos. Em contrapartida, os profissionais entre 41 e 50 anos de idade apresentaram níveis de insatisfação. CONCLUSÕES: pode-se estabelecer a influência do gênero e da idade nos níveis de satisfação no trabalho da amostra estudada, visto que foram identificadas associações significativas. Em relação ao gênero, as mulheres manifestaram estar mais satisfeitas e, com respeito à idade, os maiores níveis de satisfação foram manifestos pelos participantes mais idosos. Sendo assim, as políticas de gestão devem focar na implantação de ações destinadas a melhorar as variáveis que se associam à insatisfação

Barreras lingüísticas en los servicios públicos en Cataluña : la percepción de los trabajadores

El presente artículo tiene por objeto ofrecer un análisis sobre la cuestión de la comunicación interlingüística en los servicios públicos en Cataluña. Las reflexiones que en él presentamos se basan en los resultados de un estudio realizado a través de encuestas a trabajadores de los servicios públicos. Los datos recabados nos ofrecen una visión informada de la percepción que los propios trabajadores tienen acerca de la problemática situación de dificultad comunicativa con los usuarios por causa de barreras lingüísticas y culturales. Nos permiten conocer asimismo, las diferentes estrategias a las que recurren para solventar el problema y en particular, nos permiten analizar la visión que tienen los trabajadores encuestados acerca de la comunicación cuando interviene una tercera persona, ya sea ésta un familiar o allegado de otro tipo, voluntarios, o un profesional de la interpretación y/o la mediación.The aim of this paper is to provide an analysis on the topic of intercultural communication in the public services in Catalonia. The study is based on the results of a survey conducted among public service providers. The data from this survey offer informed knowledge of the perception that providers themselves have regarding the problematic situation where communication with service users is hindered by the presence of linguistic and cultural barriers. They also provide us with information regarding the different strategies resorted to by providers to overcome this obstacle. In particular, we obtain interesting insights about the perspective that the providers surveyed have regarding communication when a third person intervenes; whether this person is a family member or a friend, a volunteer or a professional interpreter or mediator

La aplicación del Código de Ética en la Policía Nacional (PN) del Municipio de Matagalpa durante el año 2013.

Con la presente investigación se Analiza la aplicación del código de ética en la Policía Nacional del municipio de Matagalpa durante el año 2013. En el que refleja datos de mucha importancia tanto para los usuarios, como para la institución tomando en cuenta que se debe mejorar continuamente la calidad de servicio a la población. Las variables evaluadas son: Principios, Valores y percepción del Código de Ética. El Código de Ética es un documento formal que contiene un conjunto de normas que ordenan sentido a los valores y principios de conducta, que sirven de fundamento a su actuación en todo tipo de actividad y entorno .Este permite el desarrollo organizacional de la entidad ya que se refleja en todas las áreas que se labora de la institución demostrando la forma correcta que los colaboradores deben actuar. Los resultados obtenidos según las encuestas dan a conocer que actualmente los usuarios tienen una percepción aceptable de los servicios brindados de la entidad; al momento de solicitar un servicio esto demuestra el compromiso que tienen ante la sociedad. Esta entidad ejerce sus funciones en base a los diversos métodos para informar a los miembros como son las capacitaciones, talleres y ejemplares con el objetivo de mejorar la comunicación y brindar un mejor servicio a la población. Tomando en cuenta que la credibilidad de una institución la determinan la población ya que son ellos los que determinan que tan confiable o no puede ser la entida

Population differentiation and selective constraints in Pelargonium line

[EN] The genomic structure of Pelargonium line pattern virus (PLPV), a tentative member of a proposed new genus within the family Tombusviridae, has been recently determined. However, little is known about the genetic variability and population structure of this pathogen. Here, we have investigated the heterogeneity of PLPV isolates from different origins by sequence analysis of a 1817 nt fragment encompassing the movement (p7 and p9.7) and coat protein genes as well as flanking segments including the complete 3` untranslated region. We have evaluated the selective pressures operating on both viral proteins and RNA genome in order to assess the relative functional and/or structural relevance of different amino acid or nucleotide sites. The results of the study have revealed that distinct protein domains are under different selective constraints and that maintenance of certain primary and/or secondary structures in RNA regulatory sequences might be an important factor limiting viral heterogeneity. We have also performed covariation analyses to uncover potential dependencies among amino acid sites of the same protein or of different proteins. The detection of linked amino acid substitutions has permitted to draw a putative network of intra- and interprotein interactions that are likely required to accomplish the different steps of the infection cycle. Finally, we have obtained phylogenetic trees that support geographical segregation of PLPV sequences. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.We are indebted to Dr. Jan van der Meij (Ball Flora Plant, Chicago) for providing PLPV isolate from USA, and to Dr. Marise Borja (Fundacion Promiva, Madrid) for the Spanish isolates and for valuable comments in the course of this work. We thank to Dr. Selma Gago (IBMCP, Valencia) for critical reading of the manuscript. We are also grateful to Dolores Arocas and Isabella Avellaneda for excellent technical assistance. This research was supported by grants BFU2006-11230 and BFU2009-11699 from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN, Spain), ACOM09/040 from Generalitat Valenciana (to C.H.), and by grant BFU2009-06993 (MICINN) (to S.F.E.). A.C. was recipient of predoctoral fellowships from the Generalitat Valenciana and from CSIC-Fundacion Bancaja and L.R. received a postdoctoral contract from the Juan de la Cierva program of MEC.Castaño Sansano, MA.; Ruiz Garcia, ML.; Elena Fito, SF.; Hernandez Fort, C. (2011). Population differentiation and selective constraints in Pelargonium line. Virus Research. 155(1):274-282. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2010.10.022S274282155

Interrelation of adipose tissue macrophages and fibrosis in obesity

Obesity is characterized by adipose tissue expansion, extracellular matrix remodelling and unresolved inflammation that contribute to insulin resistance and fibrosis. Adipose tissue macrophages represent the most abundant class of immune cells in adipose tissue inflammation and could be key mediators of adipocyte dysfunction and fibrosis in obesity. Although macrophage activation states are classically defined by the M1/M2 polarization nomenclature, novel studies have revealed a more complex range of macrophage phenotypes in response to external condition or the surrounding microenvironment. Here, we discuss the plasticity of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in response to their microenvironment in obesity, with special focus on macrophage infiltration and polarization, and their contribution to adipose tissue fibrosis. A better understanding of the role of ATMs as regulators of adipose tissue remodelling may provide novel therapeutic strategies against obesity and associated metabolic diseases

Exploration of ATR FTIR spectroscopy assisted by multivariate analysis for estimating the time since deposition of human and canine oral fluid on porous substrates

Oral fluid is commonly found at crime scenes, as a liquid sample or more frequently as a stain (i.e., cigarette butts, bottles, chewing gum, cloths, etc.). The study of the time since deposition (TSD) is of great significance in forensics because it allows to collect and analyse only those samples directly related to the criminal case, excluding the occupational traces, and reducing laboratory costs and efforts. In the present study, we evaluated the suitability of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FTIR) to establish the TSD of human and canine oral fluid stains on different porous substrates such as paper, cotton, denim, and polyester fabric. We used the ATR FTIR spectra and chemometrics to detect the presence of human and canine oral fluid as stains on these substrates. Our results showed that Orthogonal Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) models were able to distinguish human and canine oral fluid stains according to their TSD independently of the substrate.European Commissio