Formación de maestros en educación artística y formación artística de maestros. Los patrimonios migratorios en la enseñanza obligatoria

Resumen Las directrices de la Agenda de Seúl (2010), establecida por la UNESCO en la II Conferencia Mundial sobre Educación Artística, señalan la importancia de la educación artística en tres aspectos: el pensamiento creativo, la salvaguarda del patrimonio cultural y el desarrollo de la responsabilidad social y medioambiental. Así emerge un nuevo concepto para la educación artística en el que su significado se adquiere y conforma de acuerdo a su relevancia para la creatividad, el patrimonio y la sociedad. Este concepto migratorio adquiere un significado propio y se materializa en la escuela, requiriendo así un replanteamiento de la formación inicial y continua de maestros, profesores de arte y artistas. El artículo ahonda en este significado a partir de las orientaciones de la UNESCO en sus Conferencias sobre Educación Artística y en su repercusión en la formación de maestros y en la definición de competencias específicas. Mediante la puesta en marcha de un Proyecto de Innovación Docente para alumnos de Magisterio y Pedagogía se pretende actualizar estas consideraciones. El proyecto se dirige a desarrollar las competencias de los futuros docentes y a destacar el papel de la educación artística para la creatividad, el patrimonio y la sociedad. La educación artística deviene así un patrimonio migratorio de toda sociedad, ampliando un enfoque centrado únicamente en la artisticidad de los alumnos. Palabras clave: educación artística y creatividad, educación patrimonial, arte y sociedad, formación de maestros. Abstract At the Second World Conference about Art Education, UNESCO established The Agenda of Seul (2010), which pointed out three main goals for art education: creative thinking, heritage preservation and development of social values and citizenship. According to this, Art Education is raising as a migrant concept which acquires its own meaning linked to creativity, heritage and society, demanding thus a new approach for teachers, art teachers and artists. From these considerations the article goes into the meaning of Art Education and the skills demanded in teacher training. The implementation of an innovative project for teacher training leads Art Education considerations into practice by developing skills for future teachers and stands out the role of Art Education in creativity, heritage and society. In conclusion, Art Education is seen as a migrant heritage that belongs to the whole society itself, widening from a concept focused only in artistic skills. Keywords: Art Education and Creativity, Cultural Heritage Preservation, Arts and Society, Initial Teacher Training

Old Main-Sequence Turnoff Photometry in the Small Magellanic Cloud. I. Constraints on the Star Formation History in Different Fields

We present ground-based B and R-band color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs), reaching the oldest main-sequence turnoffs with good photometric accuracy for twelve fields in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). Our fields, located between ~1 and ~4 degrees from the center of the galaxy, are situated in different parts of the SMC such as the "Wing'' area, and towards the West and South. In this paper we perform a first analysis of the stellar content in our SMC fields through comparison with theoretical isochrones and color functions (CFs). We find that the underlying spheroidally distributed population is composed of both intermediate-age and old stars and that its age composition does not show strong galacto-centric gradients. The three fields situated toward the east, in the Wing region, show very active current star formation. However, only in the eastern field closest to the center do we find an enhancement of recent star formation with respect to a constant SFR(t). The fields corresponding to the western side of the SMC present a much less populated young MS, and the CF analysis indicates that the SFR(t) greatly diminished around 2 Gyr ago in these parts. Field smc0057, the closest to the center of the galaxy and located in the southern part, shows recent star formation, while the rest of the southern fields present few bright MS stars. The structure of the red clump in all the CMDs is consistent with the large amount of intermediate-age stars inferred from the CMDs and color functions. None of the SMC fields presented here are dominated by old stellar populations, a fact that is in agreement with the lack of a conspicuous horizontal branch in all these SMC CMDs. This could indicate that a disk population is ruling over a possible old halo in all the observed fields.Comment: To appear in A

Calculation of the variance in surveys of the economic climate

Public opinion surveys have become progressively incorporated into systems of official statistics. Surveys of the economic climate are usually qualitative because they collect opinions of businesspeople and/or experts about the long-term indicators described by a number of variables. In such cases the responses are expressed in ordinal numbers, that is, the respondents verbally report, for example, whether during a given trimester the sales or the new orders have increased, decreased or remained the same as in the previous trimester. These data allow to calculate the percent of respondents in the total population (results are extrapolated), who select every one of the three options. Data are often presented in the form of an index calculated as the difference between the percent of those who claim that a given variable has improved in value and of those who claim that it has deteriorated. As in any survey conducted on a sample the question of the measurement of the sample error of the results has to be addressed, since the error influences both the reliability of the results and the calculation of the sample size adequate for a desired confidence interval. The results presented here are based on data from the Survey of the Business Climate (Encuesta de Clima Empresarial) developed through the collaboration of the Statistical Institute of Catalonia (Institut d’Estadística de Catalunya) with the Chambers of Commerce (Cámaras de Comercio) of Sabadell and Terrassa.Economic climate, variances, sampling methods.

Calculation of the variance in surveys of the economic climate.

Public opinion surveys have become progressively incorporated into systems of official statistics. Surveys of the economic climate are usually qualitative because they collect opinions of businesspeople and/or experts about the long-term indicators described by a number of variables. In such cases the responses are expressed in ordinal numbers, that is, the respondents verbally report, for example, whether during a given trimester the sales or the new orders have increased, decreased or remained the same as in the previous trimester. These data allow to calculate the percent of respondents in the total population (results are extrapolated), who select every one of the three options. Data are often presented in the form of an index calculated as the difference between the percent of those who claim that a given variable has improved in value and of those who claim that it has deteriorated. As in any survey conducted on a sample the question of the measurement of the sample error of the results has to be addressed, since the error influences both the reliability of the results and the calculation of the sample size adequate for a desired confidence interval. The results presented here are based on data from the Survey of the Business Climate (Encuesta de Clima Empresarial) developed through the collaboration of the Statistical Institute of Catalonia (Institut d’Estadística de Catalunya) with the Chambers of Commerce (Cámaras de Comercio) of Sabadell and Terrassa.Economic climate, variances, sampling methods.

The impact of the strategic factor in knowledge management projects in the consulting industry

Los proyectos de Gestión del Conocimiento en el sector de la consultoría se han convertido en una necesidad para conseguir ventajas competitivas sostenibles en el tiempo. Entre todos los factores que influyen en el éxito de un proyecto de Gestión del Conocimiento, los factores estratégicos tienen un peso decisivo según la literatura existente. A pesar de que muchos estudios anteriores han destacado el papel del factor estratégico para lograr el éxito de un proyecto de Gestión del Conocimiento, pocos lo han cuantificado. El objetivo de este artículo se centra, en identificar los elementos que configuran el factor estratégico y de cuantificar su contribución en la maximización de beneficios. La metodología de la investigación se basa en los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para validar las hipótesis. Los resultados confirman la importancia de la dimensión estratégica en un proyecto de Gestión del Conocimiento en las empresas de consultoríaThe projects of Knowledge Management in the consulting industry have become a necessity to obtain sustainable competitive advantages. Between all the factors that influence in the success of a Knowledge Management project, the strategic ones have a decisive weight according to existing literature. Although many studies raise the issue of strategy’s influence on Knowledge Management success, few have measured them. This paper aims to identify the elements that configure the strategic dimension and measure its contribution in order to maximize the profit. The research methodology is based on a Structural Equation Model to validate the hypothesis. The findings highlight the huge influence of strategy in Knowledge Management project’s success in the consultancy industryPeer Reviewe

Adolescent girls and juvenile justice

A partir de la segona meitat del segle XX en molts països industrialitzats es comença a prendre consciència de l'existència dels nens i dels joves com a grup social. Es posen en marxa polítiques per a evitar la seva explotació. Tota intervenció en el camp social està emmarcada en uns paràmetres de caràcter legal i administratiu. La intervenció educativa en l'àmbit de la justícia juvenil resta condicionada per la normativa legal vigent en cada moment. Aquest marc acompleix dues funcions simultànies, per un costat limita la tasca educativa pero, alhora possibilita les intervencions sòcioeducatives. El reconeixement que el menor és un subjecte amb drets i que ha d'arribar a ser un membre actiu de la societat fa imprescindible una resposta que proporcioni l'equilibri entre control, educació i reinserció.A partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, en muchos países industrializados, se empieza a tomar conciencia de la existencia de los niños y de los jóvenes como grupo social. Se ponen en marcha políticas para evitar su explotación. Toda intervención en el campo social está enmarcada en unos parámetros de carácter legal y administrativo. La intervención educativa en el ámbito de la justicia juvenil queda condicionada por la normativa legal vigente en cada momento. Este marco cumple dos funciones simultáneas, por un lado limita la tarea educativa pero al mismo tiempo posibilita las intervenciones socioeducativas. El reconocimiento de que el menor es un sujeto con derechos y que ha de llegar a ser un miembro activo de la sociedad, hace imprescindible una respuesta que proporcione el equilibrio entre control, educación y reinserción.From the second half of the twentieth century on, many industrialised countries have evinced a growing awarelless of the existence of children and young people as a social g roup. Policies have been put in place to prevent their exploiration. and all social intervention has come to be framed within legal and administratitve paramerers. Educational intervention in juvenile justice fields is now conditioned by legal regulations in force ar all rimes. This framework fulfils two functions, silmutaneously limiting rhe scope of education while enabling socioeducational inrervention. The recognition that minors are subjects with their own rights, who must play an active part in society. calls for a balanced response in volving both control education and reinsertion

Proper motions of Local Group dwarf spheroidal galaxies I: First ground-based results for Fornax

In this paper we present in detail the methodology and the first results of a ground-based program to determine the absolute proper motion of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy. The proper motion was determined using bona-fide Fornax star members measured with respect to a fiducial at-rest background spectroscopically confirmed Quasar, \qso. Our homogeneous measurements, based on this one Quasar gives a value of (\mua,\mud)$= (0.64 \pm 0.08, -0.01 \pm 0.11)$ \masy. There are only two other (astrometric) determinations for the transverse motion of Fornax: one based on a combination of plates and HST data, and another (of higher internal precision) based on HST data. We show that our proper motion errors are similar to those derived from HST measurements on individual QSOs. We provide evidence that, as far as we can determine it, our motion is not affected by magnitude, color, or other potential systematic effects. Last epoch measurements and reductions are underway for other four Quasar fields of this galaxy, which, when combined, should yield proper motions with a weighted mean error of $\sim50\,\mu$as y$^{-1}$, allowing us to place important constraints on the orbit of Fornax.Comment: Accepted for publication in Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, PASP. To appear in July issue. 64 pages, 18 figure

La infància i la seva protecció

A partir del artículo primero de la Convención de Derechos se plantea una aproximación al sistema de protección de la infancia y las familias en Cataluña. Los profundos cambios que se han producido a nivel social, en los últimos años, han incidido en todos los sectores de la población, pero cabe destacar la incidencia que han tenido en la infancia y las familias. Para dar respuesta a las nuevas necesidades sociales es necesario partir de una evaluación de los servicios y recursos disponibles y una optimización de los modelos e intervenciones que hasta el momento han funcionado. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Cette étude propose une approche du système de protection de l’enfance et des familles en Catalogne sur la base de l’article premier de la Convention relative aux droits de l’enfant. Les profonds changements qui se sont produits dans la société, au cours de ces dernières années, ont eu une incidence dans tous les secteurs de la population, mais il convient de noter tout particulièrement celle qu’ils ont eue sur les familles et sur les enfants. Pour répondre aux nouveaux besoins sociaux, il est nécessaire de partir d’une évaluation des services et des ressources disponibles ainsi que d’une optimisation des modèles et des interventions qui ont fonctionné jusqu’à présent.Based on Article 1 of the Convention of Rights of the Child a system of child and family protection in Catalonia is proposed. The profound social changes that have taken place in recent years have affected all sectors of the population but especially children and families. Meeting these new social needs requires an assessment of available services and resources, and existing models and interventions must also be optimized.A partir del artículo primero de la Convención de Derechos se plantea una aproximación al sistema de protección de la infancia y las familias en Cataluña. Los profundos cambios que se han producido a nivel social, en los últimos años, han incidido en todos los sectores de la población, pero cabe destacar la incidencia que han tenido en la infancia y las familias. Para dar respuesta a las nuevas necesidades sociales es necesario partir de una evaluación de los servicios y recursos disponibles y una optimización de los modelos e intervenciones que hasta el momento han funcionado