Methodological proposal for the development of fine motor skills from the use of graph-plastic techniques in children from 7 to 8 years of the first grade of a public institution located in San Juan de Girón, Santander

El tema central de esta investigación titulada Propuesta metodológica para el desarrollo de la motricidad fina a partir del uso de técnicas grafo-plásticas en niños de 7 a 8 años del grado primero de una institución pública ubicada en San Juan de Girón, Santander, se enfoca en un aspecto fundamental del desarrollo coordinativo y las habilidades motoras de los niños como lo es la motricidad fina. El objetivo principal es implementar una propuesta metodológica a partir del uso de técnicas grafo-plásticas que conlleven a una mejora en el desarrollo de la motricidad fina en niños de 7 a 8 años del grado primero del Colegio Gabriel García Márquez, Girón (Santander). Objetivo por cual se diseñó una propuesta desde una postura basada en los principios de la Investigación Acción, con la cual se pudo dar dirección a los objetivos específicos planteados y de igual forma, permitió establecer un diálogo profundo en cuanto a las expectativas del desarrollo de las actividades, las perspectivas alrededor de la observación y las actividades realizadas por los niños que participaron como sujeto de estudio para el desarrollo y análisis de esta propuesta; la población impactada corresponde a 30 niños del grado de primero en edades entre los 7 y 8 años. Los hallazgos encontrados a partir del registro y análisis de la información obtenida mediante instrumentos para recolección de datos, como el diario de campo, la entrevista semiestructurada y la prueba Oseretsky-Gulliman, permitieron observar y establecer un diagnostico a partir de manifestaciones en torno el déficit en el desarrollo de la motricidad fina por parte de algunos niños, reflejadas, por ejemplo, en la dificultad para coordinar el movimiento con un lápiz o manipular pequeñas bolas de papel, por consiguiente se comprobó que algunos estos estudiantes presentaban dificultades relacionadas con su desarrollo motriz, motivo por el cual requieren una intervención oportuna para evitar posibles consecuencias que impacten negativamente es sus actividades y competencias físicas, psicológicas y académicas. De igual manera y como un aspecto positivo, se evidenció que la motivación en los niños en torno a la ejecución de actividades para el desarrollo de la motricidad fina, es un aspecto clave y fundamental, puesto que se evidenció que una mayor orientación y palabras de ánimo por parte del orientador y padres de familia en el momento de las actividades, influye a los niños mejoraron el ritmo de los procesos, la técnica y componentes estéticos. Los resultados sustentan que el diseño de la propuesta metodológica basada en el uso de técnicas grafo-plásticas se realiza de forma positiva, donde intervienen elementos importantes como la manipulación de objetos y ejercicios lúdicos para el mejoramiento de la motricidad fina en los niños, lo que indica que, sumado al beneficio del desarrollo de la motricidad fina, esta clase de proyectos tienen un impacto positivo cada vez que el niño potencializa sus competencias en torno a su crecimiento, al reconocimiento de su cuerpo y de las capacidades que tiene para ejecutar acciones dirigidas; además, que nutren y refuerzan el desarrollo cognitivo.Capítulo 1: Planteamiento del Problema .................................................................................... 8 Descripción del problema ........................................................................................................... 9 Antecedentes ............................................................................................................................10 Situación problémica .................................................................................................................12 Limitaciones y delimitaciones ....................................................................................................15 Limitaciones. ..........................................................................................................................15 Delimitaciones. .......................................................................................................................16 Objetivos ...................................................................................................................................17 Justificación ..............................................................................................................................17 Supuestos cualitativos ..............................................................................................................18 Capítulo 2: Marco de referencia ................................................................................................20 Antecedentes ............................................................................................................................20 Antecedentes internacionales. ...............................................................................................20 Antecedentes nacionales. ......................................................................................................22 Antecedentes regionales. .......................................................................................................25 Marco teórico y conceptual .......................................................................................................27 Marco teórico .........................................................................................................................27 Trastorno del desarrollo de la coordinación (TDC). ................................................................27 Consecuencias e implicaciones del TDC a nivel del psicosocial y de aprendizaje..................30 Motricidad fina dentro de contexto del TDC............................................................................31 Dificultades Específicas de Aprendizaje DEA. ........................................................................31 Implicaciones de la motricidad fina en las DEA ......................................................................34 Desarrollo motor fino en niños de 7 a 8 años. ........................................................................36 Impacto de técnicas gráfico-plásticas en el desarrollo motor fino. ..........................................38 Marco conceptual ...................................................................................................................49 Marco legal ...............................................................................................................................53 Capítulo 3. Metodología ............................................................................................................55 Método de investigación ...........................................................................................................55 Paradigma ................................................................................................................................55 Tipo de investigación ................................................................................................................58 Diseño metodológico.................................................................................................................59 Fases de la investigación ..........................................................................................................59 Categorías iniciales ...................................................................................................................65 Población, participantes y selección de la muestra ...................................................................66 Técnicas e Instrumentos de recolección de datos y su aplicación .............................................68 Estrategia de intervención “trazo a trazo” ..................................................................................70 Validación de los instrumentos ..............................................................................................73 Aspectos éticos .........................................................................................................................73 Capitulo 4. Análisis y resultados ...............................................................................................75 Análisis de datos .......................................................................................................................75 Resultados ................................................................................................................................94 Confiabilidad de los resultados .................................................................................................99 Validez interna. ......................................................................................................................99 Capítulo 5. Conclusiones y recomendaciones. ........................................................................ 102 Resumen de hallazgos ............................................................................................................ 102 Recomendaciones .................................................................................................................. 105 Referencias bibliográficas ....................................................................................................... 108 Anexos .................................................................................................................................... 114MaestríaThe central theme of this research entitled Methodological proposal for the development of fine motor skills from the use of graph-plastic techniques in children aged 7 to 8 years of the first grade of a public institution located in San Juan de Girón, Santander, focuses on in a fundamental aspect of the coordination development and motor skills of children such as fine motor skills. The main objective is to implement a methodological proposal based on the use of graph-plastic techniques that lead to an improvement in the development of fine motor skills in children aged 7 to 8 years of the first grade of the Gabriel García Márquez School, Girón (Santander). Objective for which a proposal was designed from a position based on the principles of Action Research, with which it was possible to give direction to the specific objectives proposed and in the same way, it allowed to establish a deep dialogue regarding the expectations of the development of the activities, perspectives around observation and activities carried out by the children who participated as study subjects for the development and analysis of this proposal; The impacted population corresponds to 30 children in the fifth grade of primary school aged between 7 and 8 years. The findings from the registration and analysis of the information obtained through data collection instruments, such as the field diary, the semi-structured interview and the Oseretsky-Gulliman test, allowed us to observe and establish a diagnosis based on manifestations around the deficit in the development of fine motor skills by some children, reflected, for example, in the difficulty to coordinate movement with a pencil or manipulate small balls of paper, consequently it was found that some of these students had difficulties related to their motor development, which is why they require timely intervention to avoid possible consequences that negatively impact their activities and physical, psychological and academic skills. Similarly, and as a positive aspect, it was evidenced that the motivation in children around the execution of activities for the development of fine motor skills, is a key and fundamental aspect, since it was evidenced that greater orientation and words of Encouragement on the part of the counselor and parents at the time of the activities, influences the children, they improved the rhythm of the processes, the technique and aesthetic components. The results support that the design of the methodological proposal based on the use of graphplastic techniques is carried out in a positive way, where important elements such as the manipulation of objects and playful exercises for the improvement of fine motor skills in children intervene. children, which indicates that, added to the benefit of the development of fine motor skills, these kinds of projects have a positive impact every time the child enhances their skills around their growth, the recognition of their body and the capacities they have to execute targeted actions; In addition, they nourish and reinforce cognitive development

Conexión inteligente para la gestión turística desde el aula al destino (CIGTAD – II)

Para reducir la brecha digital existente en la sociedad actual es necesario situar la innovación en el núcleo de la toma de decisiones. Este proyecto camina hacia la plena inclusión de todos los colectivos de la comunidad universitaria en el uso de las nuevas tecnologías, y gracias a ellas, poder generar una mayor conciencia social y medioambiental. Desarrollaremos soluciones para la mejora de la accesibilidad a la información que se genera, tanto formal como informal, para los grupos implicados y en cuyos contenidos se introducirá la conceptualización de los ODS y su implicación en sectores tan importantes como el Comercio y el Turismo. Se trabajará con tecnología actual y futura de los destinos turísticos, lo que mejorará, a su vez, la empleabilidad de los egresados en la facultad. El proyecto impulsa la implementación de las tecnologías que se están utilizando en los planes estratégicos de Destinos Turísticos Inteligentes. De este modo, los estudiantes del Grado en Turismo y el Doble Grado en Turismo y Comercio, así como del Máster en Planificación y Gestión de Destinos Turísticos podrán experimentar la inmersión en el uso de este tipo de herramientas. El proyecto estará dividido en 3 fases como son: el análisis, el desarrollo de contenidos y la implementación de las herramientas en el que participarán diferentes colectivos tales como PDI, PAS y Estudiantes de diferentes niveles y Alumni de la Facultad de Comercio y Turismo, así como la participación de una trabajadora social experta en trabajar con colectivos juveniles. El proyecto está alineado para trabajar por mejorar la sostenibilidad de la facultad e incrementar el nivel de compromiso de los colectivos con los objetivos de la Agenda 2030

Predictors of Enhancing Human Physical Attractiveness: Data from 93 Countries

People across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from mating market and parasite stress perspectives, in a large cross-cultural sample. We also test hypotheses drawn from other influential and non-mutually exclusive theoretical frameworks, from biosocial role theory to a cultural media perspective. Survey data from 93,158 human participants across 93 countries provide evidence that behaviors such as applying makeup or using other cosmetics, hair grooming, clothing style, caring for body hygiene, and exercising or following a specific diet for the specific purpose of improving ones physical attractiveness, are universal. Indeed, 99% of participants reported spending \u3e10 min a day performing beauty-enhancing behaviors. The results largely support evolutionary hypotheses: more time was spent enhancing beauty by women (almost 4 h a day, on average) than by men (3.6 h a day), by the youngest participants (and contrary to predictions, also the oldest), by those with a relatively more severe history of infectious diseases, and by participants currently dating compared to those in established relationships. The strongest predictor of attractiveness-enhancing behaviors was social media usage. Other predictors, in order of effect size, included adhering to traditional gender roles, residing in countries with less gender equality, considering oneself as highly attractive or, conversely, highly unattractive, TV watching time, higher socioeconomic status, right-wing political beliefs, a lower level of education, and personal individualistic attitudes. This study provides novel insight into universal beauty-enhancing behaviors by unifying evolutionary theory with several other complementary perspectives

Miradas y voces de la investigación educativa I

Fil: Ferreyra, Horacio Ademar. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación; ArgentinaFil: Calneggia, María Isabel. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación; ArgentinaFil: Di Francesco, Adriana Carlota. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación; Argentin

The parasite community of Phycis blennoides (Brünnich, 1768) from the Balearic Sea in relation to diet, biochemical markers, histopathology and environmental variables

17 pages, 5 figures, 6 tablesThe greater forkbeard Phycis blennoides is a benthopelagic fish distributed in the Mediterranean and NE Atlantic. The main goal of this study is to describe the complete parasite community of this species, which is at present unknown. A total of 188 specimens of P. blennoides were captured in the Balearic Sea (NW Mediterranean Sea) at 550–1250 m depth during the four seasons of 2007, in summer of 2010 and in summer and autumn of 2011 at five distinct localities off the mainland slope off Catalonia coasts and off the insular slope off the Balearic Islands. Environmental and fish biological, parasitological, dietary, enzymatic and histological data were obtained and the relationships among them tested. A total of 20 different parasites were recovered, of which 11 constitute new host records. The most important parasites were the monogenean Diclidophora phycidis, the digeneans Bathycreadium brayi and Lepidapedon spp., the nematodes Capillaria gracilis, Collarinema collaris, Cucullanus sp. and Hysterothylacium aduncum, and the copepod Clavella alata. Overall, the parasite community of P. blennoides was characterized by high abundance, richness and diversity. Significant differences in the structure of the parasite community were detected between samples from 1000 m depth and between samples from off the mainland and insular slopes. Significant seasonal and/or geographical differences were found for some specific parasites. Abundance of the nematode C. collaris was associated to high levels of turbidity and O concentrations near the bottom. Abundances of H. aduncum, D. phycidis, B. brayi and Lepidapedon spp. were linked to high near-bottom temperature and salinity. Dietary analyses evidenced the role as potential intermediate hosts in parasite transmission by some prey (e.g. the teleost Gaidropsarus biscayensis for the cestode Grillotia cf. erinaceus and the nematodes Anisakis spp. or the euphausiid Meganyctiphanes norvegica for the acanthocephalan Echinorhynchus sp.). While the abundance of B. brayi, C. collaris, Cucullanus sp. and Echinorhynchus sp. was negatively linked to acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE), the abundance of Echinorhynchus sp. and H. aduncum correlated positively with lipid peroxidation levels. Cysts of unknown etiology in fish gills were detected at higher prevalence than in any other fish from the same area. Number and area of hepatic macrophage centres varied significantly among seasonal and geographical groups and seemed not significantly influenced by parasite infection levelsThis study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICYT) projects BIOMARE (CTM2006-13508-C02-01MAR) and ANTROMARE (CTM2009-12214-C02-01 and CTM2009-12214-C02-02). S.D. benefits of a Ph.D. student fellowship from the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB, Spain)Peer Reviewe

Incidence and clinical manifestations of giant cell arteritis in Spain: results of the ARTESER register

Objective This study aimed to estimate the incidence of giant cell arteritis (GCA) in Spain and to analyse its clinical manifestations, and distribution by age group, sex, geographical area and season.Methods We included all patients diagnosed with GCA between 1 June 2013 and 29 March 2019 at 26 hospitals of the National Health System. They had to be aged ≥50 years and have at least one positive results in an objective diagnostic test (biopsy or imaging techniques), meet 3/5 of the 1990 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria or have a clinical diagnosis based on the expert opinion of the physician in charge. We calculated incidence rate using Poisson regression and assessed the influence of age, sex, geographical area and season.Results We identified 1675 cases of GCA with a mean age at diagnosis of 76.9±8.3 years. The annual incidence was estimated at 7.42 (95% CI 6.57 to 8.27) cases of GCA per 100 000 people ≥50 years with a peak for patients aged 80–84 years (23.06 (95% CI 20.89 to 25.4)). The incidence was greater in women (10.06 (95% CI 8.7 to 11.5)) than in men (4.83 (95% CI 3.8 to 5.9)). No significant differences were found between geographical distribution and incidence throughout the year (p=0.125). The phenotypes at diagnosis were cranial in 1091 patients, extracranial in 337 patients and mixed in 170 patients.Conclusions This is the first study to estimate the incidence of GCA in Spain at a national level. We found a predominance among women and during the ninth decade of life with no clear variability according to geographical area or seasons of the year