The executive toolbox:building legislative support in a multiparty presidential regime

How do presidents win legislative support under conditions of extreme multipartism?Comparative presidential research has offered two parallel answers, one relying on distributivepolitics and the other claiming that legislative success is a function of coalition formation. Wemerge these insights in an integrated approach to executive-legislative relations, also addingcontextual factors related to dynamism and bargaining conditions. We find that the twopresidential “tools” – pork and coalition goods – are substitutable resources, with porkfunctioning as a fine-tuning instrument that interacts reciprocally with legislative support. Porkexpenditures also depend upon a president’s bargaining leverage and the distribution oflegislative seats.

The timing of formation of the Douro and Tejo rivers and implications for the evolution of the landscapes of central mainland Portugal

10th International Conference on Geomorphology, Coimbra, Portugal, 12–16 Sep 2022.The formation and development of major rivers limits the overall pace of the surrounding landscape evolution and drives sediment delivery from source to sink. The timings and rates of river incision may be a response to external influences, such as tectonic or climate driven base-level changes, or alternatively they may be linked to the breaching of internal thresholds, for example, drainage capture events. The Tejo and Douro rivers (also known as Tagus and Duero rivers) each drain a significant portion of the Iberian Peninsula and much of their courses through Portugal are typified by v-shaped valleys that are deeply incised into the surrounding topography. Earlier work has dated fluvial terrace deposits, mostly by luminescence techniques, but also by electron spin resonance and cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating. This has provided constraints on the late Pleistocene histories of the Tejo and Douro rivers, however, the timing of their transition from endorheic to exorheic is not precisely known and whether or not their histories are linked to a common mechanism is unclear. This study aims to provide age constraints on the early history of the Tejo and Douro rivers, and to examine whether and to what degree the erosion rates of low relief, granite etchplain landscapes within the river’s catchment areas are responding to the trunk channel incision. We focus on reaches of the Tejo and Douro rivers located in the eastern sector of mainland Portugal. Samples were collected for cosmogenic nuclide (10Be and 26Al) surface exposure and burial dating to date upper fluvial terrace levels. In addition, a combination of cosmogenic nuclide exposure ages and depth profiles in bedrock outcrops, alongside basin-wide erosion rate determinations will be used constrain the pace of evolution of nearby granitic landscapes. Preparation of the samples for measurement is ongoing and we will present our initial findings

Economic MPC for the management of drinking water networks

Trabajo presentado a la European Control Conference (ECC) celebrada en Estrasburgo (Francia) del 24 al 27 de junio de 2014.This paper addresses the management of drinking water networks (DWNs) regarding a multi-objective cost function by means of economically-oriented model predictive control (EMPC) strategies. Specifically, assuming the water demand and the energy price as periodically time-varying signals, this paper shows that the EMPC framework is flexible to enhance the control of DWNs without relying on hierarchical control schemes that require the use of real-time optimisers (RTO) or steady-state target optimisers (SSTO) in an upper layer. Four different MPC strategies are discussed in this paper: a hierarchical two-layer approach, a standard EMPC where the multi-objective cost function is optimised directly, and two different modifications of the latter, which are meant to overcome possible feasibility losses in the presence of changing operating patterns. The discussed schemes are tested andcompared by means of a case study taken from a part of the Barcelona DWN.This work has been partially funded by the EU Project EFFINET (FP7-ICT-2011-8-31855) and the DGR of Generalitat de Catalunya (SAC group Ref. 2009/SGR/1491).Peer Reviewe

Geologia e património geológico dos Parques Naturais de Montesinho e do Douro Internacional (Nordeste de Portugal) : resultados de um projecto de investigação

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)

Dynamics of a hyperbolic system that applies at the onset of the oscillatory instability

A real hyperbolic system is considered that applies near the onset of the oscillatory instability in large spatial domains. The validity of that system requires that some intermediate scales (large compared with the basic wavelength of the unstable modes but small compared with the size of the system) remain inhibited; that condition is analysed in some detail. The dynamics associated with the hyperbolic system is fully analysed to conclude that it is very simple if the coefficient of the cross-nonlinearity is such that , while the system exhibits increasing complexity (including period-doubling sequences, quasiperiodic transitions, crises) as the bifurcation parameter grows if ; if then the system behaves subcritically. Our results are seen to compare well, both qualitatively and quantitatively, with the experimentally obtained ones for the oscillatory instability of straight rolls in pure Rayleigh - Bénard convection

Computational prediction of the human-microbial oral interactome

Background: The oral cavity is a complex ecosystem where human chemical compounds coexist with a particular microbiota. However, shifts in the normal composition of this microbiota may result in the onset of oral ailments, such as periodontitis and dental caries. In addition, it is known that the microbial colonization of the oral cavity is mediated by protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between the host and microorganisms. Nevertheless, this kind of PPIs is still largely undisclosed. To elucidate these interactions, we have created a computational prediction method that allows us to obtain a first model of the Human-Microbial oral interactome.Results: We collected high-quality experimental PPIs from five major human databases. The obtained PPIs were used to create our positive dataset and, indirectly, our negative dataset. The positive and negative datasets were merged and used for training and validation of a naïve Bayes classifier. For the final prediction model, we used an ensemble methodology combining five distinct PPI prediction techniques, namely: literature mining, primary protein sequences, orthologous profiles, biological process similarity, and domain interactions. Performance evaluation of our method revealed an area under the ROC-curve (AUC) value greater than 0.926, supporting our primary hypothesis, as no single set of features reached an AUC greater than 0.877. After subjecting our dataset to the prediction model, the classified result was filtered for very high confidence PPIs (probability ≥ 1-10-7), leading to a set of 46,579 PPIs to be further explored.Conclusions: We believe this dataset holds not only important pathways involved in the onset of infectious oral diseases, but also potential drug-targets and biomarkers. The dataset used for training and validation, the predictions obtained and the network final network are available at http://bioinformatics.ua.pt/software/oralint.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Molybdenum Induces the expression of a protein containing a new heterometallic Mo-Fe cluster in desulfoVibrio alaskensis

Biochemistry. 2009 Feb 10;48(5):873-82. doi: 10.1021/bi801773t.The characterization of a novel Mo-Fe protein (MorP) associated with a system that responds to Mo in Desulfovibrio alaskensis is reported. Biochemical characterization shows that MorP is a periplasmic homomultimer of high molecular weight (260 +/- 13 kDa) consisting of 16-18 monomers of 15321.1 +/- 0.5 Da. The UV/visible absorption spectrum of the as-isolated protein shows absorption peaks around 280, 320, and 570 nm with extinction coefficients of 18700, 12800, and 5000 M(-1) cm(-1), respectively. Metal content, EXAFS data and DFT calculations support the presence of a Mo-2S-[2Fe-2S]-2S-Mo cluster never reported before. Analysis of the available genomes from Desulfovibrio species shows that the MorP encoding gene is located downstream of a sensor and a regulator gene. This type of gene arrangement, called two component system, is used by the cell to regulate diverse physiological processes in response to changes in environmental conditions. Increase of both gene expression and protein production was observed when cells were cultured in the presence of 45 microM molybdenum. Involvement of this system in Mo tolerance of sulfate reducing bacteria is proposed

Finite size effects near the onset of the oscillatory instability

A system of two complex Ginzburg - Landau equations is considered that applies at the onset of the oscillatory instability in spatial domains whose size is large (but finite) in one direction; the dependent variables are the slowly modulated complex amplitudes of two counterpropagating wavetrains. In order to obtain a well posed problem, four boundary conditions must be imposed at the boundaries. Two of them were already known, and the other two are first derived in this paper. In the generic case when the group velocity is of order unity, the resulting problem has terms that are not of the same order of magnitude. This fact allows us to consider two distinguished limits and to derive two associated (simpler) sub-models, that are briefly discussed. Our results predict quite a rich variety of complex dynamics that is due to both the modulational instability and finite size effects

Património geomorfológico de relevância nacional e internacional em Portugal: estado atual do inventário nacional de geossítios

A inventariação do património geológico constitui a base de qualquer estratégia de geoconservação e deve ser realizada com critérios objetivos, de modo sistemático e considerando todos os elementos da geodiversidade. Entre 2007 e 2012, um projeto de investigação coordenado pelo Centro de Ciências da Terra da Universidade do Minho e que contou com a parceria de outras universidades portuguesas (Aveiro, Açores, Algarve, Coimbra, Évora, Lisboa, Madeira, Nova de Lisboa, Porto e Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro) foi o suporte para a definição de uma estratégia nacional de geoconservação. Os principais resultados desse projeto foram: i) Inventário do património geológico com valor científico, de relevância nacional e internacional; ii) base de dados on- line do inventário nacional de património geológico (disponível em http://geossitios.progeo.pt); iii) propostas legislativas sobre geoconservação; iv) avaliação quantitativa do valor científico e do risco de degradação dos geossítios, com vista à classificação oficial e à integração de geossítios nas redes de áreas protegidas do continente e das regiões autónomas; v) cooperação científica com investigadores e entidades de Espanha para a identificação de geossítios com relevância ibérica; vi) publicações de divulgação dirigidas ao público em geral. O inventário foi desenvolvido a partir da metodologia proposta pela Associação Europeia para a Conservação do Património Geológico (ProGEO). Foram definidas 27 categorias temáticas, representativas da evolução geológica do território português e considerando os vários elementos da geodiversidade (minerais, rochas, fósseis, geoformas, estruturas geológicas, ...) com elevado valor científico. 325 geossítios com relevância nacional e internacional foram selecionados por cerca de 70 geocientistas com base nos seguintes critérios de valor científico: representatividade, conhecimento, diversidade de elementos da geodiversidade, integridade e conhecimento científico. O risco de degradação foi avaliado quantitativamente usando os seguintes critérios: fragilidade natural dos elementos da geodiversidade, proximidade de potenciais atividades prejudiciais, estado atual de proteção, acessibilidade e densidade populacional. Um total de 141 dos geossítios inventariados são geomorfossítios, representando 7 das 27 categorias temáticas: i) Relevo e rede de drenagem do Maciço Ibérico (39); ii) Sistemas cársicos (37); iii) Arribas litorais fósseis e actuais (5); iv) Costas baixas (6); v) Vestígios das glaciações pleistocénicas (16); vi) Vulcanismo do arquipélago dos Açores (29); vii) Vulcanismo do arquipélago da Madeira (10). Os limites físicos dos geossítios estão atualmente a ser delimitados para efeitos de integração no Cadastro Nacional de Valores Naturais Classificados, ao abrigo da colaboração com o Instituto de Conservação da Natureza e Florestas (ICNF) e do previsto na legislação que regulamenta a conservação da natureza em Portugal (Decreto-Lei no 142/2008, de 24 de Julho). Apesar de grande parte estar incluída em áreas protegidas, a sua conservação não está automaticamente garantida. Nesse sentido, está em curso a formulação de medidas de conservação e de valorização através de planos de gestão para todos os geossítios, em função do seu valor científico e do seu risco de degradação. O inventário está aberto à participação e à discussão acerca da seleção e da incorporação de novos geossítios, mediante os critérios de valor científico definidos e considerando a evolução do conhecimento científico acerca de alguns locais