Estratégias de comercialização de arroz a partir da diversificação do período de venda

ABSTRACT This work uses the portfolio theory to analyze the strategies of commercialization of rice in terms of risk and return, considering different periods of commercialization as different assets. Initially, this study builds an efficient frontier of portfolios as proposed by Markowitz (1952). Moreover, it uses the CAPM to analyze and compare those strategies mentioned previously. The results confirm the gains that diversification can bring in terms of risk and return. Specifically in the case of the Markowitz model (1952), March and November were the two periods more relevant for the portfolios belonging to the efficient frontier. CAPM model finds similar results and identifies May, December, and January as months with satisfactory returns as well. Key words: Rice; trading; Portfolio Theory. Classificação JEL: Q11 e Q14 Artigo recebido em nov. 2010 e aceito para publicação em jun. 2011.ENDEREÇO PARA ENVIO DE PUBLICAÇÃO: Carlos Eduardo Lobo e Silva Rua Frei Germano, 200, apt. 404-A Partenon, Porto Alegre - RS CEP 91530-060 51 3353-7797 .-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. Luís Davi Siqueira Rua Conde de Marfim nº 135 Bairro Viamópolis, Viamão - RS CEP 94470-190 51 9146-7181RESUMO Este artigo utiliza a teoria de carteiras como instrumental para analisar as estratégias de comercialização de arroz, considerando diferentes períodos de venda da safra como diferentes ativos do portfólio do produtor. Para essa tarefa, o trabalho utiliza dois modelos distintos: o modelo de Markowitz (1952) e o modelo do Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), desenvolvido por Sharpe (1964), Lintner (1965) e Mossim (1966). Especificamente no caso do modelo de Markowitz (1952), os resultados confirmam os ganhos que a diversificação pode trazer em termos de risco e retorno. Além disso, os meses de março, abril e novembro foram os mais presentes nas carteiras eficientes, sendo que, quanto mais propenso ao risco for o produtor, maior será a participação do mês de novembro no seu portfólio. O Modelo CAPM encontra resultados similares, mas ressaltam também os meses de maio, dezembro e janeiro. Palavras chave: Arroz; comercialização; teoria de carteiras

As conferências ambientais da ONU e o prêmio Nobel da Paz: ganhos intangíveis em declínio?

 O objetivo do estudo é descortinar as possibilidades de ganhos intangíveis decorrentes das Conferências Ambientais da ONU. O Prêmio Nobel da Paz de 2017, atribuído a uma ONG que militou pela proibição total das armas nucleares demonstra o quanto as sociedades se organizam pela paz. Em 2007, Al Gore Jr. e o IPCC (Painel Intergovernamental para Mudanças Climáticas) já haviam dividido esse prêmio por seus esforços para desenvolver e disseminar maior conhecimento sobre mudanças climáticas. Entretanto, a Rio+20 foi considerada como um fracasso anunciado. Mas, não haveria ganhos intangíveis a considerar após décadas de debates sob a égide da ONU para a construção de consenso sobre a governança global ambiental? Foi realizada uma avaliação qualitativa dessas conferências e de artigos científicos. Os resultados apontam ganhos intangíveis dentro e fora do sistema onusiano. Concluímos que essas conferências geram ganho social global a partir da participação que proporcionam. Neste sentido, as conferências foram muito exitosa

Chest associated to motor physiotherapy improves cardiovascular variables in newborns with respiratory distress syndrome

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We aimed to evaluate the effects of chest and motor physiotherapy treatment on hemodynamic variables in preterm newborns with respiratory distress syndrome.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We evaluated heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), temperature and oxygen saturation (SO₂%) in 44 newborns with respiratory distress syndrome. We compared all variables between before physiotherapy treatment vs. after the last physiotherapy treatment. Newborns were treated during 11 days. Variables were measured 2 minutes before and 5 minutes after each physiotherapy treatment. We applied paired Student t test to compare variables between the two periods.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>HR (148.5 ± 8.5 bpm vs. 137.1 ± 6.8 bpm - p < 0.001), SAP (72.3 ± 11.3 mmHg vs. 63.6 ± 6.7 mmHg - p = 0.001) and MAP (57.5 ± 12 mmHg vs. 47.7 ± 5.8 mmHg - p = 0.001) were significantly reduced after 11 days of physiotherapy treatment compared to before the first session. There were no significant changes regarding RR, temperature, DAP and SO₂%.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Chest and motor physiotherapy improved cardiovascular parameters in respiratory distress syndrome newborns.</p

Flint corn silage management: influence of maturity stage, inoculation with Lentilactobacillus buchneri, and storage time on fermentation pattern, aerobic stability, and nutritional characteristics

IntroductionHigh quality corn silage depends on factors such as corn type, stage of crop development at harvest time, fermentation time, in addition to use or not of inoculants. This study aimed to investigate the impact of maturity stage, bacterial inoculation, and storage time on fermentation, aerobic stability, and nutritional characteristics of flint corn silage and their implications for corn silage management.MethodsA flint corn hybrid was harvested very early, early, and medium (at 250, 300 and 350 g dry matter (DM)/kg as fed, respectively) and ensiled in mini-silos without (control) or with Lentilactobacillus buchneri CNCM I-4323 at 1 × 105 cfu/g for 120, 240 and 360 d to investigate how these factors interact with each other.Results and discussionThere was only a small increase (7 g/kg starch; p = 0.003) in starch digestibility (starch-D) in the silages stored for 360 d when compared to that stored for 240 d, but with no difference for 120 d. Despite the reduced starch-D (526 vs. 694 g/kg starch; p &lt; 0.001), silages produced from medium harvest had higher (p &lt; 0.001) starch content (317 vs. 137 g/kg DM) and higher amount of digestible starch (169 vs. 98.5 g/kg DM; p &lt; 0.001) compared to very early harvest. The 2-way interactions (inoculation × storage time and maturity × storage time) showed that inoculation of corn silage with L. buchneri increased (p &lt; 0.001) the aerobic stability, and that more mature crop silage had higher aerobic stability (140 h; p = 0.036) than the others (118 and 48.5 h for those silages from very early and early harvest).ConclusionThe storage for a longer time (&gt;120 d) with the goal of increasing silage digestibility did not occur. Harvesting whole-crop flint corn with 300 to 350 g/kg DM is desirable to have higher DM yield and starch accumulation. Inoculation with L. buchneri is recommended to preserve the silage against aerobic deterioration. This study has shown the importance of harvesting flint corn at the right time, and the need for inoculation with L. buchneri to ensure greater yield, starch accumulation, and silage preservation, if 120 days of storage are not exceeded

Comportamento de semente de arroz sob diferentes potenciais osmóticos

bjetivou-se avaliar o efeito do estresse hídrico no processo de germinação e vigor em sementes de arroz de terras altas. Utilizou-se sementes de arroz de sequeiro, cujo potencial fisiológico foi avaliado por meio de testes degerminação e vigor, em soluções de polietilenoglicol (PEG-6000) nos potenciais osmóticos de 0,0; -0,2; -0,4; -0,6 e -0,8 MPa. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, constituído por 5 tratamentos, sendo cada umcomposto por 50 sementes, com quatro repetições. O teste de germinação foi realizado de acordo com as Regras para Análises de Sementes e, junto a este, foi avaliado o índice de velocidade de germinação. Foi medido o comprimento daraiz principal de cada plântula germinada e, posteriormente, feita a secagem e pesagem para cada tratamento. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão polinomial (P< 00,5) e as variáveis de porcentagem forampreviamente transformadas para arco seno (%/100)1/5 pelo programa Start 6.0. Foram significativos os efeitos para níveis de potenciais osmóticos, havendo maior porcentagem de germinação nas concentrações 0,0 e -0,2 MPa. Ospotenciais osmóticos afetaram a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de arroz, reduzindo a germinação e vigor.Palavras-chave: Oryza sativa. Qualidade fisiológica. Germinação. Regressão polinomial

Combinação de esforços públicos e privados em âmbito municipal: análise interpretativa de uma experiência contemporânea

This work discusses the combination of public and private efforts from a municipal perspective. The objective is to recognize the process of integration of heterogeneous agents on the perceptions about plural participation and about limits, challenges and potentialities of joint actions. Hence, this work analyzes two projects related to the Strategic Plan of Juiz de Fora, MG. Elements based on negotiated order theory and on the debate about social construction of reality are part of the theoretical reference of this work. The results showed that the quality of the process of interaction among many agents interferes with the perceptions when it provides common meanings, limits to individual autonomy and rules that can coordinate the universe of relations. These parameters act aligning efforts to common purposes, balancing expectations, making a consensus viable, breaking patterns and conferring credibility to decisions.Este artigo discute a combinação de esforços públicos e privados, da perspectiva municipal. Seu propósito é reconhecer a influência do processo de integração de agentes heterogêneos no conjunto de percepções sobre a participação plural e sobre os limites, desafios e potencialidades da ação conjunta. Para tanto, investiga dois projetos associados ao Plano Estratégico do Município de Juiz de Fora, MG. Integram o referencial teórico desta obra elementos oriundos da teoria da ordem negociada e do debate sobre a construção social da realidade. Em seus resultados, a pesquisa evidencia que a qualidade do processo de integração entre agentes plurais interfere no conjunto de percepções, ao prover: significados comuns, limites à autonomia individual e regras capazes de coordenar o universo de relações. Tais parâmetros atuam no sentido de alinhar esforços a propósitos comuns, equilibrar expectativas, viabilizar o consenso, romper tipificações e conferir credibilidade às decisões coletivas

Rest energy expenditure is decreased during the acute as compared to the recovery phase of sepsis in newborns

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Little is known with respect to the metabolic response and the requirements of infected newborns. Moreover, the nutritional needs and particularly the energy metabolism of newborns with sepsis are controversial matter. In this investigation we aimed to evaluate the rest energy expenditure (REE) of newborns with bacterial sepsis during the acute and the recovery phases.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We studied nineteen neonates (27.3 ± 17.2 days old) with bacterial sepsis during the acute phase and recovery of their illness. REE was determined by indirect calorimetry and VO₂and VCO₂measured by gas chromatography.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>REE significantly increased from 49.4 ± 13.1 kcal/kg/day during the acute to 68.3 ± 10.9 kcal/kg/day during recovery phase of sepsis (P < 0.01). Similarly, VO₂(7.4 ± 1.9 <it>vs </it>10 ± 1.5 ml/kg/min) and VCO₂(5.1 ± 1.7 <it>vs </it>7.4 ± 1.5 ml/kg/min) were also increased during the course of the disease (P < 0.01).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>REE was increased during recovery compared to the sepsis phase. REE of septic newborns should be calculated on individualized basis, bearing in mind their metabolic capabilities.</p

Mortality reduction with use of oral beta-blockers in patients with acute coronary syndrome

OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have revealed a relationship between beta-blocker use and worse prognosis in acute coronary syndrome, mainly due to a higher incidence of cardiogenic shock. However, the relevance of this relationship in the reperfusion era is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndrome that started oral beta-blockers within the first 24 hours of hospital admission (group I) compared to patients who did not use oral beta-blockers in this timeframe (group II). METHODS: This was an observational, retrospective and multicentric study with 2,553 patients (2,212 in group I and 341 in group II). Data regarding demographic characteristics, coronary treatment and medication use in the hospital were obtained. The primary endpoint was in-hospital all-cause mortality. The groups were compared by ANOVA and the chi-square test. Multivariate analysis was conducted by logistic regression and results were considered significant when