Producción de óxidos de nitrógeno gaseosos rn Thermus thermophilus

Tesis doctoral inédita. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular. Fecha de lectura: 26-10-201

La electroterapia en España durante el siglo XIX y principios del XX a través de la prensa

Introducción: La eclosión de la electroterapia en España tiene lugar en el siglo XIX y principios del siglo XIX, la prensa tuvo un papel clave en la difusión de la electroterapia. En este estudio se prestará atención a la forma en la que se publicitaba la electroterapia, así como, las enfermedades para las que se empleaba. Nos va a permitir conocer el impacto de la electroterapia en España y su evolución. Objetivos: Conocer la evolución de la electroterapia a lo largo del siglo XIX y principios del XX según la prensa española. Material y métodos: La búsqueda se ha realizado en la Biblioteca Virtual de Prensa Histórica, con electroterapia como palabra clave. Se han seleccionado aquellos registros de prensa que estuviesen publicados entre el 1 de enero de 1800 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 1900, que estuviesen publicados en España y tuviesen relación con la fisioterapia. Resultados: Se analizaron 79 registros. Referente a la electroterapia se observa que es una técnica muy necesaria, ya que, se podían tratar múltiples enfermedades y muy variadas, se encuentra diversas aplicaciones en el campo del sistema nervioso y enfermedades del aparato locomotor entre otras muchas patologías. Surgen nuevas técnicas de electroterapia como las corrientes continuas, inducidas, así como la galvanización o la faradización además de la aparición de nuevas máquinas de electroterapia. Conclusiones: Podemos concluir que la electroterapia despertó gran interés y promoción en la sociedad española en el siglo XIX y principios del XX.Introduction: The emergence of electrotherapy in Spain took place in the 19th and early 20th centuries. During this period, the press played a key role in disseminating information about electrotherapy. This study will focus on how electrotherapy was advertised, as well as the diseases for which it was used. It will allow us to understand the impact of electrotherapy in Spain and its evolution. Objectives: Understand the evolution of electrotherapy throughout the 19th century and early 20th century according to the Spanish press. Material and methods: The "Biblioteca Virtual de Prensa Histórica” (Virtual Library of Historical Press) using "electroterapia" (electrotherapy) as the keyword. Those press records that were published between January 1, 1800, and December 31, 1900, that were published in Spain and were related to physiotherapy, have been selected. Results: A total of 79 records were analyzed. Regarding electrotherapy, it is observed that it is a highly necessary technique as it can be used to treat a wide range of diseases. It has various applications in the field of the nervous system and musculoskeletal disorders, among many other pathologies. New electrotherapy techniques emerged, such as continuous and induced currents, as well as galvanization and faradization, alongside the introduction of new electrotherapy machines. Conclusions: We can conclude that electrotherapy aroused great interest and promotion within Spanish society during the 19th century and early 20th century

Transferable denitrification capability of thermus thermophilus

Laboratory-adapted strains of Thermus spp. have been shown to require oxygen for growth, including the model strains T. thermophilus HB27 and HB8. In contrast, many isolates of this species that have not been intensively grown under laboratory conditions keep the capability to grow anaerobically with one or more electron acceptors. The use of nitrogen oxides, especially nitrate, as electron acceptors is one of the most widespread capabilities among these facultative strains. In this process, nitrate is reduced to nitrite by a reductase (Nar) that also functions as electron transporter toward nitrite and nitric oxide reductases when nitrate is scarce, effectively replacing respiratory complex III. In many T. thermophilus denitrificant strains, most electrons for Nar are provided by a new class of NADH dehydrogenase (Nrc). The ability to reduce nitrite to NO and subsequently to N2O by the corresponding Nir and Nor reductases is also strain specific. The genes encoding the capabilities for nitrate (nar) and nitrite (nir and nor) respiration are easily transferred between T. thermophilus strains by natural competence or by a conjugation-like process and may be easily lost upon continuous growth under aerobic conditions. The reason for this instability is apparently related to the fact that these metabolic capabilities are encoded in gene cluster islands, which are delimited by insertion sequences and integrated within highly variable regions of easily transferable extrachromosomal elements. Together with the chromosomal genes, these plasmid-associated genetic islands constitute the extended pangenome of T. thermophilus that provides this species with an enhanced capability to adapt to changing environments. © 2014, American Society for Microbiology.Spanish Ministry of Science. An institutional grant from Fundación Ramón ArecesPeer Reviewe

Unconventional lateral gene transfer in extreme thermophilic bacteria.

Conjugation and natural competence are two major mechanisms that explain the acquisition of foreign genes throughout bacterial evolution. In recent decades, several studies in model organisms have revealed in great detail the steps involved in such processes. The findings support the idea that the major basis of these mechanisms is essentially similar in all bacteria. However, recent work has pinpointed the existence of new, evolutionarily different processes underlying lateral gene transfer. In Thermus thermophilus HB27, at least 16 proteins are required for the activity of one of the most efficient natural competence systems known so far. Many of those proteins have no similarities to proteins involved in natural competence in other well-known models. This unusual competence system is conserved, in association with the chromosome, in all other Thermus spp. genomes so far available, it being functional even in strains from isolated environments, such as deep mines. Conjugation is also possible among Thermus spp. Homologues to proteins implicated in conjugation in model bacteria are encoded in the genome of a recently sequenced strain of Thermus thermophilus and shared by other members of the genus. Nevertheless, processive DNA transfer in the absence of a functional natural competence system in strains in which no conjugation homologous genes can be found hints at the existence of an additional and unconventional conjugation mechanism in these bacteria. [Int Microbiol 2011; 14(4):187-199]Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. An institutional grant from Ramon Areces Foundation to CBMSO is acknowledgedPeer Reviewe

Unconventional lateral gene transfer in extreme thermophilic bacteria

Conjugation and natural competence are two major mechanisms that explain the acquisition of foreign genes throughout bacterial evolution. In recent decades, several studies in model organisms have revealed in great detail the steps involved in such processes. The findings support the idea that the major basis of these mechanisms is essentially similar in all bacteria. However, recent work has pinpointed the existence of new, evolutionarily different processes underlying lateral gene transfer. In Thermus thermophilus HB27, at least 16 proteins are required for the activity of one of the most efficient natural competence systems known so far. Many of those proteins have no similarities to proteins involved in natural competence in other well-known models. This unusual competence system is conserved, in association with the chromosome, in all other Thermus spp. genomes so far available, it being functional even in strains from isolated environments, such as deep mines. Conjugation is also possible among Thermus spp. Homologues to proteins implicated in conjugation in model bacteria are encoded in the genome of a recently sequenced strain of Thermus thermophilus and shared by other members of the genus. Nevertheless, processive DNA transfer in the absence of a functional natural competence system in strains in which no conjugation homologous genes can be found hints at the existence of an additional and unconventional conjugation mechanism in these bacteria

Unconventional lateral gene transfer in extreme thermophilic bacteria

Conjugation and natural competence are two major mechanisms that explain the acquisition of foreign genes throughout bacterial evolution. In recent decades, several studies in model organisms have revealed in great detail the steps involved in such processes. The findings support the idea that the major basis of these mechanisms is essentially similar in all bacteria. However, recent work has pinpointed the existence of new, evolutionarily different processes underlying lateral gene transfer. In Thermus thermophilus HB27, at least 16 proteins are required for the activity of one of the most efficient natural competence systems known so far. Many of those proteins have no similarities to proteins involved in natural competence in other well-known models. This unusual competence system is conserved, in association with the chromosome, in all other Thermus spp. genomes so far available, it being functional even in strains from isolated environments, such as deep mines. Conjugation is also possible among Thermus spp. Homologues to proteins implicated in conjugation in model bacteria are encoded in the genome of a recently sequenced strain of Thermus thermophilus and shared by other members of the genus. Nevertheless, processive DNA transfer in the absence of a functional natural competence system in strains in which no conjugation homologous genes can be found hints at the existence of an additional and unconventional conjugation mechanism in these bacteriaThis work was supported by grant BIO2010-18875 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. An institutional grant from Ramón Areces Foundation to CBMSO is acknowledged. CEC holds a Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral contract from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. CB and LA are founded by FPI and JAE fellowships from the Ministry of Education and the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), respectivel

A third subunit in ancestral cytochrome c-dependent nitric oxide reductases

Reduction of NO to N2O by denitrifiying bacteria is catalyzed either by a monomeric quinol-nitric oxide reductase (qNor) or by a heterodimeric cytochrome c-dependent nitric oxide reductase (cNor). In ancient thermophilic bacteria belonging to the Thermales and Aquificales phylogenetic groups, the cluster encoding the cNor includes a small third gene (norH), in addition to those encoding homologues to the subunits of a typical cNor (norC and norB). We show in Thermus thermophilus that the three genes are cotranscribed in a single mRNA from an inducible promoter. The isolation of individual nor mutants and the production in vivo of His-tagged NorH protein followed by immobilized-metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) allowed us to conclude that NorH constitutes a third subunit of the cNor from T. thermophilus, which is involved in denitrification in vivo, likely allowing more efficient electron transport to cNor. © 2014, American Society for Microbiology.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiviness (MEC) and by National Institutes of Health grants HL16101 (R.B.G.) and GM095600 (R.B.G.). An institutional grant from Fundación Ramón Areces to CBMSO and financial support to the Spanish National Network for Extremophilic Microorganisms (BIO2011-12879-E)Peer Reviewe

El desarrollo integral del alumno a través de la vinculación empresarial en la Unidad Académica de Contaduría y Administración, extensión Sur

Una problemática  con la que se encuentran los alumnos universitarios hoy en día es la falta de experiencia exigida por parte de las empresas a las cuales ofrecen sus servicios, tomando como base lo anterior el presente trabajo se enfoca en el diseño de un programa de vinculación estudiantil con dichas empresas con la idea de promover al alumno en ese proceso de incorporación al campo laboral, para esto se determinó la relación de los métodos con las capacidades de los profesionistas que demandan las empresas. También se determinó las situaciones de funcionamiento de las empresas de la zona sur de Nayarit para conocer sus necesidades y poderlas empatar con las competencias adquiridas por  los jóvenes universitarios. Por último se proponen las estrategias que permitan la vinculación Universidad-Estudiante-Empresa

Uma análise do setor de distribuição de flores e plantas ornamentais no estado do Rio de Janeiro

Uma das principais características da produção de flores e plantas ornamentais é que esta constitui atividade típica de pequenos produtores. Embora a floricultura brasileira venha se expandindo em áreas menos tradicionais como o Nordeste do país, a maior parte da produção ainda se concentra nas regiões Sul e Sudeste, e os dados sobre a distribuição de flores no Brasil indicam o estado de São Paulo como principal centro da produção nacional. O estado do Rio de Janeiro tem-se destacado, nesse contexto, como região potencial de expansão da produção e comercialização de flores e plantas ornamentais, com destaque para as variedades tropicais, de crescente aceitação internacional.Este trabalho analisa o segmento de distribuição de flores e plantas ornamentais no Rio de Janeiro, tendo por referência conceitual o enfoque sistêmico de produto (Commodity Systems Approach). Para consecução da pesquisa, foram realizados amplos levantamentos secundário e primário junto aos principais agentes que atuam no segmento de distribuição de flores no Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os principais entraves ao desempenho do setor estão relacionados com as relações de mercado vigentes e com os aspectos gerenciais.Floricultura, Cadeias produtivas, Rio de Janeiro, Marketing,

UTILIZAÇÃO DA OZONIOTERAPIA COMO TRATAMENTO DA ENDOMETRITE EM ÉGUA

Dysfunctional perineal conformations are often associated with pneumovagina, predisposing animals to vaginal and uterine inflammatory processes. Among the reproductive pathologies that affect mares, endometritis is the most frequent, with a strong negative impact on the reproductive indices of a farm. For this condition, ozone therapy presents itself as a potential treatment. The study aimed to report a case of endometritis in a 17-year-old multiparous quarter-mile mare, which was attended at the Veterinary Hospital Sylvio Barbosa Cardoso located in the State University of Ceará. During the gynecological evaluation, changes in vulvar conformation and a positive Windsucker test were observed, indicating pneumovagina. Endometrial samples were collected for laboratory exams, resulting in cytology with polymorphonuclear neutrophil count ≥30% and negative culture for fungi and bacteria. The histopathological examination revealed severe chronic endometrial interstitial fibrosis. Regarding the diagnosis of endometritis, the treatment with uterine lavage using ozonated ringer lactate solution was initiated followed by uterine insufflation with ozone. The animal was submitted to Caslick's surgical technique to correct the vulvar malformation. After treatment, the mare was inseminated, resulting in the collection of two viable embryos. In view of the above, the case reinforces the effectiveness of ozone therapy associated with Caslick`s technique for endometritis treatment in mares.Conformações perineais inadequadas estão frequentemente associadas à pneumovagina, predispondo animais a processos inflamatórios vaginais e uterinos. Dentre as patologias reprodutivas que acometem éguas, a endometrite é a que ocorre com maior frequência, com forte impacto negativo sobre os índices reprodutivos de um criatório. Para essa afecção, a ozonioterapia se apresenta como tratamento em potencial. Assim, este estudo objetiva relatar um caso de endometrite em égua Quarto de Milha, multípara, de 17 anos de idade, atendida no Hospital Veterinário Sylvio Barbosa Cardoso, da Universidade Estadual de Ceará. Durante a avaliação ginecológica, observou-se alterações na conformação vulvar e teste de Windsucker positivo, indicando pneumovagina. Foram coletadas amostras endometriais para exames laboratoriais, os quais apresentaram citologia com contagem de neutrófilos polimorfonucleares ≥30% e cultura negativa para fungos e bactérias.O exame histopatológico revelou fibrose intersticial endometrial crônica acentuada. Diante do diagnóstico de endometrite, iniciou-se o tratamento com lavagem uterina usando solução ringer lactato ozonizada, seguido por insuflação uterina com ozônio. O animal foi submetido à técnica cirúrgica de Caslick para correção da má conformação vulvar. Após o tratamento, a égua foi inseminada, resultando na coleta de dois embriões viáveis. Diante do exposto, o caso reforça a efetividade da ozonioterapia associada à Caslick para o tratamento de endometrite em éguas