Evaluation of the impact of vector control programs through serological testing in Mambaí/Buritinópolis, Goiás State

Em 1999, realizamos a avaliação do impacto das medidas de controle vetorial sobre a transmissão da doença de Chagas nas áreas endêmicas Mambaí e Bruritinópolis (GO). Após o recenseamento populacional foram realizados os inquéritos entomológico das unidades domiciliares e sorológico da população. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas por punção digital, em papel de filtro. O teste sorológico utilizado inicialmente para detectar anticorpos contra Trypanosoma cruzi foi a reação de imunofluorescência indireta (IFI) quantitativa com ponto de corte a diluição 1/20 e, os reagentes realizaram a reação de hemaglutinação indireta (HAI). A prevalência da IFI reagente foi 12,3% (95% IC: 11,5-13,2%). Triatoma infestans não foi encontrado nas habitações. A ausência de infecção de indivíduos menores de 14 anos e a ausência de T. infestans no inquérito entomológico demonstra o sucesso do programa de controle da doença de Chagas nessas áreas, podendo ser considerada interrompida a transmissão vetorial.In 1999, we performed serological and entomological surveys to evaluate the impact of vectorial control measures against transmission of Chagas' disease in the endemic area of Mambaí and Buritinópolis (GO). A census was undertaken of the population, after which the entomological survey was performed regarding the dwelling units and serological evaluation of the human population. Blood samples were collected by digital puncture in filter paper. The first serologic test performed to detect antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi was the indirect immunofluorescence test (IFI) with 1/20 positive dilution as cut-off point and, positive samples were further evaluated with indirect hemagglutination reaction (HAI). The prevalence of positive IFI reactions was 12.3% (95%CL: 11.5-13.2). Triatoma infestans was not found within the dwellings. The absence of infection among individuals younger than 14 years and, the absence of T. infestans during the last entomological survey demonstrates the success of the control program of Chagas' disease in the studied area where the vectorial transmission can be considered to have been interrupted

Growth and magnetic properties of bulk electron doped 'LA IND. 0.7''CE IND. 0.3''MN''O IND. 3' manganites

We report on the growth of bulk samples (composite fibers) of the nominal composition La0.7Ce0.3MnO3 (LCMO) manganites (with Curie temperature TC,max = 300 K) by using the laser heated pedestal growth (LHPG) technique. Samples composition was verified through scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The magnetic behavior of the fibers was probed by magnetization measurements. In addition to a weak ferromagnetic transition at TC0 = 45 K (due to MnO2 impurities), two more transitions with TC1 = 126 K and TC2 = 180 K were identified and linked to regions with cerium concentration of x = 0.063 and 0.13, respectively.FAPESPCAPESCNP

Lifelong exposure to a low-dose of the glyphosate-based herbicide RoundUp® causes intestinal damage, gut dysbiosis, and behavioral changes in mice

RoundUp® (RUp) is a comercial formulation containing glyphosate (N-(phosphono-methyl) glycine), and is the world’s leading wide-spectrum herbicide used in agriculture. Supporters of the broad use of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) claim they are innocuous to humans, since the active compound acts on the inhibition of enzymes which are absent in human cells. However, the neurotoxic effects of GBH have already been shown in many animal models. Further, these formulations were shown to disrupt the microbiome of different species. Here, we investigated the effects of a lifelong exposure to low doses of the GBH-RUp on the gut environment, including morphological and microbiome changes. We also aimed to determine whether exposure to GBH-RUp could harm the developing brain and lead to behavioral changes in adult mice. To this end, animals were exposed to GBH-RUp in drinking water from pregnancy to adulthood. GBH-RUp-exposed mice had no changes in cognitive function, but developed impaired social behavior and increased repetitive behavior. GBH-Rup-exposed mice also showed an activation of phagocytic cells (Iba-1–positive) in the cortical brain tissue. GBH-RUp exposure caused increased mucus production and the infiltration of plama cells (CD138-positive), with a reduction in phagocytic cells. Long-term exposure to GBH-RUp also induced changes in intestinal integrity, as demonstrated by the altered expression of tight junction effector proteins (ZO-1 and ZO-2) and a change in the distribution of syndecan-1 proteoglycan. The herbicide also led to changes in the gut microbiome composition, which is also crucial for the establishment of the intestinal barrier. Altogether, our findings suggest that long-term GBH-RUp exposure leads to morphological and functional changes in the gut, which correlate with behavioral changes that are similar to those observed in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders

Pátio cercado por árvores de espinho e outras frutas, sem ordem e sem simetria: O quintal em vilas e arraiais de Minas Gerais (séculos XVIII e XIX)

This article analyses urban and rural backyards in Minas Gerais, in the late18th and early 19th centuries. Sources include probate records, foreign travelers accounts, administrative documents and iconography. These spaces are interpreted as a part of material culture, as provisioning grounds, and places of sociability and family intimacy. The connections of yards within households and the surrounding streetscapes are examined, revealing that they can be viewed as instruments of balance in the overall urban landscape.O texto objetiva analisar os quintais urbanos e rurais em Minas Gerais, ao final do século XVIII e início do século XIX. Interpreta evidências documentais de inventários post mortem, narrativas de viajantes estrangeiros, documentos administrativos e iconográficos, interpretando esses espaços, na perspectiva da cultura material, como lugares de abastecimento alimentar, sociabilidades e da intimidade familiar. Considera a ligação dos quintais com a casa e as ruas e os vê como espaços de equilibrio da paisagem urbana

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Income Content of the Word Coffee Exports

Coffee is the most widely commercialized tropical product on the international market. The 2009/10 crop had an estimated value of $15.4 billion, with 93.4 million bags exported. According to the International Coffee Organization (ICO, 2011), the coffee sector employed around 26 million people in 56 producing countries and over 100 exporting countries. But how could coffee products beranked, in terms of income content, in relation to other commercialized products, and how have they evolved? To answer this question, we calculated the annual income content of 5,111 products exported by 167 countries from the period between 2000 and 2009, was calculated. We have used data from the COMTRADE (2011), and "sophistication" indicators proposed by Hausmann and Rodrik (2003) who classify different products according to their productivity, were used. An emphasis was put on five coffee products (whole grain, roasted, decaffeinated, caffeinated, and soluble), showing the evolution of the number of exporting countries and of the "sophistication" index (income content), whose temporal variation was decomposed by the effects of competitiveness and income per capita changes. The results showed that non-roasted, non-decaffeinated, whole grain coffee is still the most commercialized product, but with the lowest income content of all coffee products, occupying the twenty-fourth worst position in terms of income content in 2009. The roasted, decaffeinated coffee presented the greatest income growth in the period, placing itself in the 3,309th position in 2009. The decomposition of the index showed that for coffee products with the most processing, the greatest cause of export sophistication growth was the Revealed Comparative Advantage effect. Products with the least amount of processing presented a loss in relative market share, with the addition of values to the production chain occurring outside those countries producing the raw materials.El café es el producto tropical más comercializado en el mercado internacional. La cosecha de 2009/10 fue estimada en 15,4 mil millones de dólares, con 93,4 millones de sacos exportados. Según la Organización Internacional del Café (ICO, 2011), el sector cafetero ha empleado alrededor de 26 millones de personas en 56 países productores y en más de 100 países exportadores. Sin embargo, ¿cómo los tipos de café podrían ser clasificados, en cuanto al ingreso, en relación a otros productos comercializados, y cómo han evolucionado? Para contestar a esta pregunta, se han calculado los ingresos anuales de 5.111 productos exportados por 167 países en el período comprendido entre 2000 y 2009. Los datos fueron obtenidos a través del COMTRADE (2011), y se han utilizado los indicadores de "sofisticación" propuestos por Hausmann y Rodrik (2003) que clasifican los diferentes productos en función de sus productividades. Se hizo especial hincapié en cinco tipos de café (grano entero, tostado, descafeinado, con cafeína y soluble), que muestra la evolución del número de países exportadores y del índice de "sofisticación" (relacionado a los ingresos), cuya variación temporal se ha descompuesto por los efectos de la competitividad y por los cambios en la renta per cápita. Los resultados mostraron que el café sin tostar, con cafeína y de grano entero sigue siendo el más comercializado, pero presenta el nivel más bajo de ingreso de todos los tipos de café, ocupando el vigésimo cuarto puesto de peor nivel de ingreso en 2009. El café tostado y descafeinado presentó el mayor crecimiento de ingresos en el período, ubicándose en el puesto 3309º en 2009. La descomposición del índice mostró que para los tipos de café con mayor procesamiento, la principal causa del crecimiento de la sofisticación de las exportaciones fue el efecto de la ventaja comparativa revelada. Los productos con menor cantidad de procesamiento presentaron una pérdida de cuota relativa de mercado, con el valor añadido a la cadena de producción llevado a cabo afuera de los países productores de materias primas

Sistema de informação para a agricultura

The agricultural sector has become more and more complex, as it depends on the influences of economical, political and technological factors, more risky and much more demanding on the farm manager’s abilities. For this reason, to exercise his functions with efficiency, the farm manager needs to have a larger quantity of data available and better methods of processing that data to transform it in useful information. At the methods of processing that data to transform it in useful information. At the same time, the manager needs to perfect his analytical abilities in better utilization of the information used in decision making. In this sense, this work aims to present some models of agricultural information systems proposed in the literature, emphasizing their common characteristics to assist in the system implementation to attend to the Brazilian agricultural sector. After extensive bibliographical revision, a presentation of various models proposed by various authors, and a presentation of the computer use in agriculture, we can conclude that it is essential that research be developed to know the type of information desired by the decision maker and the form in which it is used in the administrative process. It is not conceivable to develop models without this presumption. The agricultural information system ougth to users’ differentiated goals and give useful responses. The user needs to be conscious of the value of the system and to have active participation in its implementation, since he is the principal component of the system.A atividade agrícola tem-se tornado cada vez mais complexa, mais dependente de influências de vários fatores, como econômicos, políticos, ecológicos e tecnológicos, mais arriscada e muito mais exigente das habilidades do seu administrador. Por isso, para exercer suas funções com eficiência, o administrador necessita ter disponível maior quantidade de dados e melhores procedimentos de processamento para transformá-los em informação e aperfeiçoar suas habilidades analíticas na melhor utilização das informações na tomada de decisão. Nesse sentido, este trabalho visa apresentar alguns modelos de sistemas de informação agrícola propostos na literatura, enfatizando as características comuns a todos com o propósito de auxiliar a implementação de sistemas para atender o setor agrícola brasileiro. Após extensa revisão bibliográfica e apresentação de vários modelos propostos por diferentes autores, além de concluir que é essencial que sejam desenvolvidas pesquisas para que se conheçam o tipo de informação desejada pelo administrativo. Não se concebe desenvolver modelos sem esse pressuposto. O sistema de informação agrícola deve ainda atender às metas diferenciadas do valor do sistema e ter participação ativa na sua implementação, uma vez que é componente principal do sistema