PRECURSORI DEI TIOLI VARIETALI DURANTE LA MATURAZIONE E LA PRESSATURA DELLE UVE DEL TRAMINER AROMATICO

Gli autori riportano l'evoluzione, in crescita in prossimit\ue0 della raccolta tecnologica indipendentemente dalle condizioni climatiche dell'annata, del glutationil- e del cisteinil-3-mercaptoesanolo, precursori dei tioli varietali. Ne riportano, inoltre, la concentrazione nelle diverse frazioni di pressatura. Tali precursori sono responsabili, previa fermentazione con adeguati ceppi di lievito, di note tropicali-agrumate che contribuiscono alla tipicit\ue0 del Traminer. Bench\ue9 il Traminer aromatico o Gew\ufcrztraminer (GWT) sia una variet\ue0 internazionale nota per l'elevata aromaticit\ue0 di origine terpenica riconducibile - a livello di uva - principalmente a geraniolo, citronellolo, nerolo e ossido di rosa, altre molecole varietali sono state riportate pi\uf9 recentemente fra quelle in grado di rivestire un ruolo tecnologico operativo. \uc8 il caso specificatamente dei cosiddetti tioli varietali e dei loro precursori, presenti questi ultimi nelle uve come risultante di diverse vie biosintetiche e/o tecnogeniche. Non \ue8 certamente questa la sede per una disanima di tali vie di formazione, vale per\uf2 la pena ricordare almeno che: \u2022 i principali, bench\ue9 non esclusivi, precursori sono il glutationil-3-mercaptoesanolo (GSH-3MH) e il cisteinil-3-mercaptoesanolo (Cys-3MH) (Dubordieu e Tominaga 2009; Roland et al. 2010 a, b; Concejero et al. 2014; Rom\ue1n Villegas et al. 2016; Nicolini et al. 2019) e che: \u2022 il manifestarsi delle interessanti note da frutta tropicale, frutto della passione e pompelmo passa attraverso la liberazione dei sopraccitati precursori dalla componente azotata e la successiva acetilazione fermentativa del 3-mercaptesanolo ad acetato di mercaptoesile, avendo come risultante, nei vini GWT, un apprezzato incremento della tipicit\ue0 (Rom\ue1n et al. 2018). In questa breve nota gli autori intendono presentare l'evoluzione dei precursori tiolici del 3-mercaptoesanolo durante la maturazione delle uve Traminer aromatico, cos\uec come osservata in Trentino Alto- Adige in due annate, il 2014 e il 2018, molto differenti dal punto di vista climatico e produttivo; il 2014 \ue8 stato infatti caratterizzato da temperature particolarmente fredde e significativa piovosit\ue0, mentre il 2018 da ben pi\uf9 favorevoli condizioni di clima e piovosit\ue0, associate per\uf2 a livelli di produzione decisamente elevati (Bottura 2015, 2019)

Correlation between olfactory function, age, sex, and cognitive reserve index in the Italian population

Purpose: Loss of smell decreases the quality of life and contributes to the failure in recognizing hazardous substances. Given the relevance of olfaction in daily life, it is important to recognize an undiagnosed olfactory dysfunction to prevent these possible complications. Up to now, the prevalence of smell disorders in Italy is unknown due to a lack of epidemiological studies. Hence, the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in a sample of Italian adults. Methods: Six hundred and thirty-three participants (347 woman and 286 men; mean age 44.9 years, SD 17.3, age range 18-86) were recruited from 10 distinct Italian regions. Participants were recruited using a convenience sapling and were divided into six different age groups: 18-29 years (N = 157), 30-39 years (N = 129), 40-49 years (N = 99), 50-59 years (N = 106), > 60 years (N = 142). Olfactory function, cognitive abilities, cognitive reserve, and depression were assessed, respectively, with: Sniffin' Sticks 16-item Odor Identification Test, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Cognitive Reserve Index, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Additionally, socio-demographic data, medical history, and health-related lifestyle information were collected. Results: About 27% of participants showed an odor identification score < 12 indicating hyposmia. Multiple regression analysis revealed that OI was significantly correlated with age, sex, and cognitive reserve index, and young women with high cognitive reserve index showing the highest olfactory scores. Conclusion: This study provides data on the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in different Italian regions

Guidebook for the excursions in the Modena and Verona areas

The main geological and geomorphological features characterising the Modena Apennines and the Verona upper plain are described

Correlation between olfactory function, age, sex, and cognitive reserve index in the Italian population

Purpose Loss of smell decreases the quality of life and contributes to the failure in recognizing hazardous substances. Given the relevance of olfaction in daily life, it is important to recognize an undiagnosed olfactory dysfunction to prevent these possible complications. Up to now, the prevalence of smell disorders in Italy is unknown due to a lack of epidemiological studies. Hence, the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in a sample of Italian adults. Methods Six hundred and thirty-three participants (347 woman and 286 men; mean age 44.9 years, SD 17.3, age range 18–86) were recruited from 10 distinct Italian regions. Participants were recruited using a convenience sapling and were divided into six diferent age groups: 18–29 years (N=157), 30–39 years (N=129), 40–49 years (N=99), 50–59 years (N=106),>60 years (N=142). Olfactory function, cognitive abilities, cognitive reserve, and depression were assessed, respectively, with: Snifn’ Sticks 16-item Odor Identifcation Test, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Cognitive Reserve Index, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Additionally, socio-demographic data, medical history, and health-related lifestyle information were collected. Results About 27% of participants showed an odor identifcation score<12 indicating hyposmia. Multiple regression analysis revealed that OI was signifcantly correlated with age, sex, and cognitive reserve index, and young women with high cognitive reserve index showing the highest olfactory scores. Conclusion This study provides data on the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in diferent Italian region

Prospective observational cohort study on grading the severity of postoperative complications in global surgery research

Background The Clavien–Dindo classification is perhaps the most widely used approach for reporting postoperative complications in clinical trials. This system classifies complication severity by the treatment provided. However, it is unclear whether the Clavien–Dindo system can be used internationally in studies across differing healthcare systems in high- (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods This was a secondary analysis of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), a prospective observational cohort study of elective surgery in adults. Data collection occurred over a 7-day period. Severity of complications was graded using Clavien–Dindo and the simpler ISOS grading (mild, moderate or severe, based on guided investigator judgement). Severity grading was compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data are presented as frequencies and ICC values (with 95 per cent c.i.). The analysis was stratified by income status of the country, comparing HICs with LMICs. Results A total of 44 814 patients were recruited from 474 hospitals in 27 countries (19 HICs and 8 LMICs). Some 7508 patients (16·8 per cent) experienced at least one postoperative complication, equivalent to 11 664 complications in total. Using the ISOS classification, 5504 of 11 664 complications (47·2 per cent) were graded as mild, 4244 (36·4 per cent) as moderate and 1916 (16·4 per cent) as severe. Using Clavien–Dindo, 6781 of 11 664 complications (58·1 per cent) were graded as I or II, 1740 (14·9 per cent) as III, 2408 (20·6 per cent) as IV and 735 (6·3 per cent) as V. Agreement between classification systems was poor overall (ICC 0·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·20 to 0·55), and in LMICs (ICC 0·23, 0·05 to 0·38) and HICs (ICC 0·46, 0·25 to 0·59). Conclusion Caution is recommended when using a treatment approach to grade complications in global surgery studies, as this may introduce bias unintentionally

Critical care admission following elective surgery was not associated with survival benefit: prospective analysis of data from 27 countries

This was an investigator initiated study funded by Nestle Health Sciences through an unrestricted research grant, and by a National Institute for Health Research (UK) Professorship held by RP. The study was sponsored by Queen Mary University of London

The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery: a prospective observational cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis

© 2017 British Journal of Anaesthesia Background: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool. Methods: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32–0.77); P\u3c0.01], but no difference in complication rates [OR 1.02 (0.88–1.19); P=0.75]. In a systematic review, we screened 3732 records and identified 11 eligible studies of 453 292 patients including the ISOS cohort. Checklist exposure was associated with both reduced postoperative mortality [OR 0.75 (0.62–0.92); P\u3c0.01; I2=87%] and reduced complication rates [OR 0.73 (0.61–0.88); P\u3c0.01; I2=89%). Conclusions: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine