Gross proteinuria is a strong risk predictor for cardiovascular mortality in Brazilian type 2 diabetic patients

Increased proteinuria is recognized as a risk predictor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in diabetic patients; however, no study has evaluated these relationships in Brazilian patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of gross proteinuria for all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities and for cardiovascular morbidity in a cohort study of 471 type 2 diabetic individuals followed for up to 7 years. Several clinical, laboratory and electrocardiographic variables were obtained at baseline. The relative risks for all-cause, cardiovascular and cardiac mortalities and for cardiovascular and cardiac events associated with the presence of overt proteinuria (>0.5 g/24 h) were assessed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and by multivariate Cox regression model. During a median follow-up of 57 months (range 2-84 months), 121 patients (25.7%) died, 44 from cardiovascular and 30 from cardiac causes, and 106 fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular events occurred. Gross proteinuria was an independent risk predictor of all-cause, cardiovascular and cardiac mortalities and of cardiovascular morbidity with adjusted relative risks ranging from 1.96 to 4.38 for the different endpoints. This increased risk remained significant after exclusion of patients with prior cardiovascular disease at baseline from the multivariate analysis. In conclusion, gross proteinuria was a strong predictor of all-cause, cardiovascular and cardiac mortalities and also of cardiovascular morbidity in a Brazilian cohort of type 2 diabetic patients. Intervention studies are necessary to determine whether the reduction of proteinuria can decrease morbidity and mortality of type 2 diabetes in Brazil

Prosthetic Abutment Influences Bone Biomechanical Behavior Of Immediately Loaded Implants

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the type of prosthetic abutment associated to different implant connection on bone biomechanical behavior of immediately and delayed loaded implants. Computed tomography-based finite element models comprising a mandible with a single molar implant were created with different types of prosthetic abutment (UCLA or conical), implant connection (external hexagon, EH or internal hexagon, IH), and occlusal loading (axial or oblique), for both immediately and delayed loaded implants. Analysis of variance at 95% CI was used to evaluate the peak maximum principal stress and strain in bone after applying a 100 N occlusal load. The results showed that the type of prosthetic abutment influences bone stress/strain in only immediately loaded implants. Attachment of conical abutments to IH implants exhibited the best biomechanical behavior, with optimal distribution and dissipation of the load in peri-implant bone.301Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2011/14001-3]Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

A Utilização da Caderneta de Saúde da Criança por Alunos de Enfermagem

The Child Health Handbook (CHH) is an essential instrument for health surveillance and its correct use improves communication, health education and promotion of child health. The literature shows significant shortcomings in the use of CHH by health professionals. Thus, it is important to assess if students, future nurses, understand the CHH as a tool of child health promotion. We intended to improve the undergraduate education at Nursing School on the subject of Child Health. The objectives of this study were to determine if the students understand the CHH function, to verify if the students handled, filled or used the CHH and to verify if they feel able to properly use the CHH. This is a cross-sectional, retrospective and quantitative study with students of the undergraduate education at Universidade de São Paulo School of Nursing. One questionnaire with objective and essay questions has been applied after the approval of the Research Ethics Committee and authorization of the School Direction. 73 students answered to the survey and only two said they did not know what is the CHH. More than 30% said that CHH monitors the growth and development of children, and about 20% related the CHH to the vaccination. Majority feel able to use it, as they had opportunities to handle it or they consider easy to use. None of them recognized CHH as a health document required for the full monitoring of the child.A Caderneta de Saúde da Criança (CSC) é um instrumento essencial de vigilância à saúde, e seu uso correto favorece a comunicação, a educação em saúde e a promoção da saúde infantil. A literatura aponta falhas consideráveis na utilização da CSC pelos profissionais de saúde. Assim, é importante avaliar se alunos, futuros enfermeiros, compreendem a CSC como instrumento de promoção da saúde da criança. Dessa forma, o presente estudo pretende subsidiar melhorias no ensino da Enfermagem na Saúde da Criança. Entre seus objetivos encontram-se: verificar se os alunos compreendem a função da CSC, se manusearam, preencheram ou utilizaram a CSC e se eles se sentem capacitados para utilizar corretamente a CSC. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, retrospectivo e quantitativo realizado com alunos do terceiro e quarto anos do curso de graduação em Enfermagem da Escola de Enfermagem da USP. Foi aplicado um questionário com questões objetivas e dissertativas após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e a autorização da diretoria. Dos 73 alunos que responderam à pesquisa, apenas dois afirmaram não saber o que é a CSC. Mais de 30% referiram que a CSC serve para acompanhar o crescimento e o desenvolvimento da criança, e aproximadamente 20% a relacionaram à vacinação. A maioria se sente capacitada para utilizá-la, pois teve oportunidades de manuseá-la ou por considerarem-na de fácil utilização. Nenhum deles reconhece a CSC como um documento de saúde necessário para o acompanhamento integral da criança

Influence of concentration and pH of hexafluorozirconic acid on corrosion resistance of anodized AA7075-T6

7XXX aluminum alloys show high mechanical resistance and low weight, both required properties for aircraft industry. Anodizing is an electrolytical process typically used to improve the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys, through which a thicker and porous oxide is formed. Boiling water is used as a common sealing method to the anodic layer; however, it implies energy expenditure. In this work, a two-step coating system was performed: anodizing in tartaric-sulphuric acid and a post-treatment with a Zr-based conversion coating, obtained at room temperature by immersion in hexafluorozirconic acid (H2 ZrF6 ). To establish the best condition for coating formation on the aluminum oxide layer, different concentration and pH values of the H2 ZrF6 solution were studied. Morphological and chemical analyses were performed respectively by SEM and EDS. The corrosion resistance evaluation was carried out by EIS in 0.5 M NaCl. Heterogeneity was observed in the obtained coatings. However, the samples treated with H2 ZrF6 had a higher corrosion resistance than unsealed samples. The best concentration and pH range observed for the H2 ZrF6 solution were 1 % and 3 to 3.5, respectively. Under these conditions, a greater corrosion resistance was evidenced in comparison to that obtained with boiling water sealing

A PARTICIPAÇÃO DE MULHERES NO ESPORTE UNIVERSITÁRIO: UM CAMPO EM DISPUTA

This papper is part of a master´s dissertation based in gender studies and oral history.  Beginning with the trajectory of nine ex-athletes of the 1970´s, it tries to comprehend the early participation of Viçosense women in university sports.  In that decade, the relations developed in the world of university sports, a space conceived by men and for men, act as the thread to these narratives.  These relations were organized on behalf of normative systems that regulated citizens, bodies, and practices inside the institution, creating an environment of negotiations and disputes in which men and women shaped their history.   El artículo es parte de una tesis, basada en los estudios de género y la historia oral y plantea preguntas, a partir de las trayectorias de vida de nueve ex atletas de la década de 1970, la participación de las mujeres en los deportes de la Universidad Viçosense. Constitui  las narraciones de hilos de  relaciones basadas en el universo de deportes universitarios, un espacio diseñado por hombres y para hombres. Estas relaciones fueron organizados por sistemas normativos que los sujetos regulados, los cuerpos y las prácticas dentro de la institución creando un ambiente de negociaciones y disputas en las que hombres y mujeres engendraron sus historias.O artigo é parte de uma dissertação de mestrado, fundamentada nos estudos de gênero e na história oral e busca problematizar, a partir das trajetórias de vida de nove ex-atletas da década de 1970, a participação de mulheres no esporte universitário viçosense. Constituem-se os fios condutores das narrativas as relações construídas no universo esportivo universitário, um espaço concebido por homens e para homens. Estas relações foram organizadas por sistemas normativos que regularam sujeitos, corpos e práticas no interior da instituição criando um ambiente de negociações e disputas no qual homens e mulheres engendraram suas histórias.

Reflections on imperative forms in portuguese

O estudo examina o uso variável de formas verbais do imperativo no português brasileiro, em comparação com línguas que apresentam o imperativo com morfologia e sintaxe próprias, o chamado imperativo verdadeiro, além das formas derivadas do subjuntivo. Argumentamos que formas do imperativo no português brasileiro atual correspondentes ao imperativo verdadeiro nas línguas citadas não manifestam propriedades morfológicas e sintáticas específicas, bem como não são restringidas pelo traço discursivo [+ proximidade]. Demonstramos que há diferenças geográficas com relação ao fenômeno variável no português brasileiro, especialmente com relação à sintaxe da negação, dos pronomes objeto, e do vocativo, em oposição ao sujeito.This study examines the variable use of imperative forms in Brazilian Portuguese, in comparison with languages that display a special morphology and syntax for imperatives (so-called true imperatives), along with forms derived from the subjunctive (found also in European Portuguese). It is argued that in Brazilian Portuguese the imperative forms corresponding to true imperatives show neither morphological or syntactically specific features, nor are they restricted by the discourse-linked feature [+proximity]. As we show, there are geographical differences in this variable phenomenon in Brazilian Portuguese, which correlate with the syntax of negation, object pronouns, and with vocatives as opposed to subjects

Carnívoros (Mammalia, Carnivora) do Quaternário da Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

A report on fossil remains of carnivores from the Quaternary of Serra da Bodoquena (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil), recovered from two limestone flooded caves, is presented. A total of six species could be identified belonging to three carnivore families, namely Felidae (Smilodon populator, Panthera onca, Leopardus braccatus), Canidae (Protocyon troglodytes, Chrysocyon brachyurus) and Mustelidae (Pteronura brasiliensis), a mosaic of extinct and extant species presumably related to the Holo-Pleistocene fauna of the region. These findings support in part previous suggestions of a paleoecological scenario of open savannas rich in wetlands for the Quaternary environment of Serra da Bodoquena.Uma primeira apreciação relativa aos fragmentos fósseis de carnívoros do Quaternário da Serra da Bodoquena (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil) é apresentada. A amostra analisada foi recuperada em duas cavernas submersas e, presumivelmente, representam depósitos de origem associada ao intervalo entre Pleistoceno inferior e o Holoceno. Esta hipótese é corroborada pela megafauna de mamíferos associada. Seis espécies puderam ser identificadas, compreendendo três famílias de Carnívora: Felidae (Smilodon populator, Panthera onca, Leopardus braccatus), Canidae (Protocyon troglodytes, Chrysocyon brachyurus) e Mustelidae (Pteronura brasiliensis), retratando, assim, um mosaico de espécies recentes e extintas da fauna de carnívoros que compõem a região. Estes achados suportam parcialmente sugestões anteriores de um cenário paleoecológico de savanas ricas em áreas úmidas para o Quaternário da Serra da Bodoquena