Paradigmas De La Gerencia En El Siglo Xxi

El avance de la ciencia y la tecnología ha generado una nueva dinámica en la economía mundial, la cual permitió la globalización de los mercados, el cual ha incrementado la competencia y el crecimiento exagerado en la demanda de bienes y servicios.Hoy este escenario representa una realidad que no se puede ocultar y por consiguiente los gerentes deben reaccionar de manera que adopten nuevas acciones conducentes a hacer frente a nuevos retos, estos derivados de las cambiantes realidades sociales, económicas y demográficas del mercado en constante evolución.El presente documento expone algunos de los principales retos que los gerentes deben enfrentar en la dinámica de la administración del siglo XXI

Identification of energy saving potential in steam boiler through an ISO 50001 standard

The energy performance of steam boilers, such as the efficiency and the evaporation ratio can decrease along time because of the poor combustion, heat transfer fouling, poor operation, and low maintenance rate. The energy indicators assessment allows to observe the abnormal operational deviations to implement corrective action, so it is necessary to find out the level of efficiency in real time to evaluate the thermal performance, which is an obligatory requirement to implement the energy management program in the industry. As a contribution in the area of energy efficiency in steam boilers, the results of an applied research are presented, where the behavior of steam production and gas consumption as input variables were considered to apply the methodology and obtain the energy saving results on a boiler from 125.000lb/h steam capacity. The consumption and energy production control charts, the base and goal line, and base 100 indicators were calculated to facilitate the energy monitoring of the steam boiler for a period six month. Letting the application of the methodology to recognize saving opportunities starting from the analysis of variables that impact the energy consumption affected by different ways energy consumption of the company. The study showed a linear base with the form EB = 0.0595x + 0.988, with a linear correlation equal to R2 = 0.973 and a goal line EG = 0.0586x + 1.3814, with a linear correlation of R² = 0.97, which means statistical validity in the data collection. Additionally, the base 100 index was calculated to identify satisfactory the peaks of energy efficiency, showing efficiency and inefficiency in the process. The study shows that data reflected below the efficiency rate (100) are considered peaks of energy inefficiency, which means energy saving opportunities for operational control, maintenance management, production planning, besides the typical ones due to technological changes

Variable control tool in MATLAB for energy transformation processes

During the stages of transformation of energy in a process, exercise control over the variables that intervene in it, improve its performance, and identify undesirable conditions in these. Thus, this study is developed as a graphical interface to implement a methodology for controlling variables of energy conversion processes, such as internal combustion engines. The control tool developed in MATLAB variables is based on multivariate statistics. The methods for developing this tool of Graphic User Interface is based on the statistics of principal component analysis and failure statistics such as T! Hotelling and the Q statistic that allows the control of anomalies presented in the operation's behavior. About the methodology, first, the input data are normalized, achieving standardization of the observation matrix vs. variables, then the spectral decomposition of the normalized data is performed, reaching the generation of the matrix of auto-values, allowing the age of the projection space of the data. With this based and delimited, it is possible to establish the ranges of observation of the mentioned statisticians. The result obtained from this research corresponds to software that allows the constant observation and analysis of the behavior of each variable of the generation engine. It describes the upper limit, lower limit, arithmetic mean, principal components, graphics of the statistics, and detects the failures in real times

The History of entomology in Ecuador

This work is not intended to be a complete review of all publications about entomology in Ecuador. It compiles the history of entomology in Ecuador in a chronological order. It first provides observations about the influence of pre-Columbian cultures and the cultural heritage of indigenous populations. It then presents the contribution of the Spanish conquest and colonization chroniclers, the specialists that described American species during the Renaissance period and the great scientific expeditions. Finally the birth of Ecuadorian entomology as a science is described with the creation of institutes for applied research and the Ecuadorian museums of entomology

Colombian forensic genetics as a form of public science: The role of race, nation and common sense in the stabilization of DNA populations

This is the final version of the article. Available from SAGE Publications via the DOI in this record.This article examines the role that vernacular notions of racialized-regional difference play in the constitution and stabilization of DNA populations in Colombian forensic science, in what we frame as a process of public science. In public science, the imaginations of the scientific world and common-sense public knowledge are integral to the production and circulation of science itself. We explore the origins and circulation of a scientific object – ‘La Tabla’, published in Paredes et al. and used in genetic forensic identification procedures – among genetic research institutes, forensic genetics laboratories and courtrooms in Bogotá. We unveil the double life of this central object of forensic genetics. On the one hand, La Tabla enjoys an indisputable public place in the processing of forensic genetic evidence in Colombia (paternity cases, identification of bodies, etc.). On the other hand, the relations it establishes between ‘race’, geography and genetics are questioned among population geneticists in Colombia. Although forensic technicians are aware of the disputes among population geneticists, they use and endorse the relations established between genetics, ‘race’ and geography because these fit with common-sense notions of visible bodily difference and the regionalization of race in the Colombian nation.This article arises out of two projects: ‘Race, genomics and mestizaje (mixture) in Latin America: a comparative approach’ funded by the ESRC (grant RES-062-23-1914) and ‘Public engagement with genomic research and race in Latin America’ funded by The Leverhulme Trust (grant RPG-044)

Review article: the diagnostic approach and current management of chylous ascites

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138889/1/apt14284.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138889/2/apt14284_am.pd

Entomology in Ecuador : recent developments and future challenges

We review and analyze the recent development and future challenges facing entomology as a science in Ecuador, a country with limited financial and human resources and numerous environmental problems. Taxonomic studies of the Ecuadorian insect fauna have been well developed for only a few groups (e.g. Papilionoidea, Carabidae) and remains in its infancy for most insect orders. This is due to the huge diversity of species living in a great diversity of habitats and the difficulty to identify most species. There is a lack of published basic biological information and to a high rate of endemism of many groups, especially in the Andes. The development of ecological entomology as a formal discipline in Ecuador is a very recent phenomenon, and has been mostly limited to descriptive studies of the environmental factors that govern insect diversity and abundance. We outline a set of research challenges regarding the impact of global environmental changes on insect communities and habitats they live in and propose potential strategies for the development of entomology in Ecuador. Both basic and applied research will be important in this context as well as international collaboration to strengthen the role of entomological science in decision making processes in the country

Diversity and distribution of type specimens deposited in the Invertebrate section of the Museum of Zoology QCAZ, Quito, Ecuador

The Invertebrate section of the Museum of Zoology QCAZ at the Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador in Quito maintains nearly two million curated specimens, and comprises Ecuador's largest collection of native taxa. We review 1902 type specimens from 6 subspecies and 320 species in 121 genera and 42 families, currently kept in the Museum. The list includes 116 holotypes, 10 allotypes, 1774 paratypes and 2 neoparatypes. The collection of type specimens is particularly strong in the Coleoptera (family Carabidae and Staphylinidae) and Hymenoptera. However, other insect orders such as Diptera and Lepidoptera and non-insect arthropods such as Acari, Aranea and Scorpiones, are moderately represented in the collection. This report provides original data from labels of every type specimen record. An analysis of the geographic distribution of type localities showed that collection sites are clustered geographically with most of them found towards the northern region of Ecuador, in Pichincha, Cotopaxi and Napo provinces. Sites are mainly located in highly accessible areas near highways and towns. Localities with a high number of type species include the cloud forest reserve Bosque Integral Otonga and Parque Nacional Yasuni in the Amazon rainforest near PUCE's Yasuni Scientific Station. Type localities are not well represented in the Ecuadorian National System of Protected Areas. Future fieldwork should include localities in the southern region of Ecuador but also target less accessible areas not located near highways or towns. We discuss the value of the collection as a source of information for conservation and biodiversity policies in Ecuador