Lo afectivo es efectivo: Un axioma en ventas y en la enseñanza

John Forbes Nash Jr. (1928-2015) compartió el Nobel de Economía en 1994 por su análisis del equilibrio en la Teoría de los juegos no cooperativos1. En el acto de entrega del premio, expresó de esta manera tan maravillosa la relación entre lo cognitivo y lo emocional: “Siempre he creído en los números. En las ecuaciones y la lógica que llevan a la razón. Pero, después de una vida de búsqueda me digo, ¿qué es la lógica?, ¿quién decide la razón? He buscado a través de lo físico, lo metafísico, lo delirante … y vuelta a empezar. Y he hecho el descubrimiento más importante de mi carrera, el más importante de mi vida. Sólo, en las misteriosas ecuaciones del amor, puede encontrarse alguna lógica” (Tarrío Ocaña, 2016, pág. 110). John Nash era matemático y no comercial. Sin embargo, a través a su experiencia personal, llegó a una conclusión que cualquier buen vendedor debe conocer. Aquello que Blaise Pascal ya decía en el siglo XVII: “El corazón tiene razones que la razón no entiende” (tomado de Fazio y Gamarra (2002)2. Este Trabajo de Fin de Máster, en adelante TFM, persigue destacar los aspectos emocionales de proceso de venta a través del diseño de una unidad didáctica dentro de un grado medio de Formación Profesional. El motivo de elegir la Formación Profesional es el haber realizado las prácticas del Máster en esta opción de educación reglada, donde he podido conocer su funcionamiento como profesor. La unidad didáctica está ubicada en el módulo3 llamado Procesos de venta, perteneciente a la familia profesional de Comercio y Marketing. El presente TFM recoge el aprendizaje adquirido durante todo el curso académico 2019-2020 en el Máster en Profesor de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanzas de Idiomas. Entre sus enseñanzas, cabe resaltar la importancia que tiene lo afectivo en la educación, de forma similar a lo que ocurre en el proceso de venta. No basta con transmitir conocimientos, se debe emocionar con ellos.Departamento de Economía AplicadaMáster en Profesor de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanzas de Idiomas (Especialidad: Economía

Propuesta B2C: quieroPATATAS.com

Este Trabajo Fin de Grado (TFG) es una idea de negocio que podría ponerse en práctica porque ha sido desarrollado con éxito por empresas de alimentación, aunque con otra clase de productos. ¿Cómo se podría poner en práctica la venta directa de patata, un producto tan consumido como extendida su producción? ¿Qué parámetros deben analizarse para diseñar un modelo de venta a domicilio?Grado en Comerci

Seguridad de la cardioversión de la fibrilación auricular de reciente comienzo en urgencias

Objective. To analyze the safety of electric cardioversion performed for recent-onset atrial fibrillation in a hospital emergency department. Methods. Observational retrospective analysis of consecutive emergency department cases of atrial fibrillation of less than 48 hours' duration in hemodynamically stable patients. All included cases were either treated with emergency electric cardioversion or referred for evaluation and scheduling of outpatient cardioversion. The outcome variable was the occurrence of a thromboembolic or hemorrhagic event within 90 days. Results. A total of 718 cardioversions in 570 patients were analyzed. The mean (SD) age of the patients was 64 (13.5) years. Four hundred seventy-nine emergency cardioversions (66.7%) and 239 (33.3%) scheduled cardioversions were performed. Eleven adverse events (1.5% of the cohort) occurred: 2 were thromboembolic events (0.3%) and 9 were hemorrhagic (1.3%). All bleeds were minor. There were no statistically significant differences in the rate of adverse events between the emergency and scheduled cardioversion groups

Benefits of Emergency Departments' Contribution to Stroke Prophylaxis in Atrial Fibrillation

Altres ajuts: The study was supported by a grant from Bayer Hispania, which had no influence on the content of the articleSupplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Long-term benefits of initiating stroke prophylaxis in the emergency department (ED) are unknown. We analyzed the long-term safety and benefits of ED prescription of anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation patients. Prospective, multicenter, observational cohort of consecutive atrial fibrillation patients was performed in 62 Spanish EDs. Clinical variables and thromboprophylaxis prescribed at discharge were collected at inclusion. Follow-up at 1 year post-discharge included data about thromboprophylaxis and its complications, major bleeding, and death; risk was assessed with univariate and bivariate logistic regression models. We enrolled 1162 patients, 1024 (88.1%) at high risk according to CHADS-VASc score. At ED discharge, 935 patients (80.5%) were receiving anticoagulant therapy, de novo in 237 patients (55.2% of 429 not previously treated). At 1 year, 48 (4.1%) patients presented major bleeding events, and 151 (12.9%) had died. Anticoagulation first prescribed in the ED was not related to major bleeding (hazard ratio, 0.976; 95% confidence interval, 0.294-3.236) and was associated with a decrease in mortality (hazard ratio, 0.398; 95% confidence interval, 0.231-0.686). Adjusting by the main clinical and sociodemographic characteristics, concomitant antiplatelet treatment, or destination (discharge or admission) did not affect the results. Prescription of anticoagulation in the ED does not increase bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation patients at high risk of stroke and contributes to decreased mortality

The targeted overexpression of SlCDF4 in the fruit enhances tomato size and yield involving gibberellin signalling

[EN] Tomato is one of the most widely cultivated vegetable crops and a model for studying fruit biology. Although several genes involved in the traits of fruit quality, development and size have been identified, little is known about the regulatory genes controlling its growth. In this study, we characterized the role of the tomato SlCDF4 gene in fruit development, a cycling DOF-type transcription factor highly expressed in fruits. The targeted overexpression of SlCDF4 gene in the fruit induced an increased yield based on a higher amount of both water and dry matter accumulated in the fruits. Accordingly, transcript levels of genes involved in water transport and cell division and expansion during the fruit enlargement phase also increased. Furthermore, the larger amount of biomass partitioned to the fruit relied on the greater sink strength of the fruits induced by the increased activity of sucrose-metabolising enzymes. Additionally, our results suggest a positive role of SlCDF4 in the gibberellin-signalling pathway through the modulation of GA(4) biosynthesis. Finally, the overexpression of SlCDF4 also promoted changes in the profile of carbon and nitrogen compounds related to fruit quality. Overall, our results unveil SlCDF4 as a new key factor controlling tomato size and composition.Renau-Morata, B.; Carrillo, L.; Cebolla Cornejo, J.; Molina Romero, RV.; Martí-Renau, R.; Domínguez-Figueroa, J.; Vicente-Carbajosa, J.... (2020). The targeted overexpression of SlCDF4 in the fruit enhances tomato size and yield involving gibberellin signalling. Scientific Reports. 10(1):1-14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67537-x1141011FAO. Crops production database. FAOSTAT. Latest update: 04/03/2020. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome https://www.fao.org/faostat (2018).Willcox, J. K., Catignani, G. L. & Lazarus, S. Tomatoes and cardiovascular health. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. 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Roles of gibberellins in increasing sink demand in Japanese pear fruit during rapid fruit growth. Plant Growth Regul. 52, 161–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-007-9187-x (2007).Shinozaki, Y. et al. High-resolution spatiotemporal transcriptome mapping of tomato fruit development and ripening. Nat. Commun. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02782-9 (2018).Ariizumi, T., Shinozaki, Y. & Ezura, H. Genes that influence yield in tomato. Breed. Sci. 63, 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.63.3 (2013).Azzi, L. et al. Fruit growth-related genes in tomato. J. Exp. Bot. 66, 1075–1086. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru527 (2015).Lemaire-Chamley, M. et al. Changes in transcriptional profiles are associated with early fruit tissue specialization in tomato. Plant Physiol. 139, 750–769. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.105.063719 (2005).Tanksley, S. D. The genetic, developmental, and molecular bases of fruit size and shape variation in tomato. 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Characterization of tomato Cycling Dof factors reveals conserved and new functions in the control of flowering time and abiotic stress responses. J. Exp. Bot. 65, 995–1012. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ert451 (2014).Renau-Morata, B. et al. Ectopic Expression of CDF3 genes in tomato enhances biomass production and yield under salinity stress conditions. Front. Plant Sci. 8, 18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00660 (2017).Guillet, C. et al. Regulation of the fruit-specific PEP carboxylase SlPPC2 promoter at early stages of tomato fruit development. PLoS ONE https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036795 (2012).Bourdon, M. et al. Evidence for karyoplasmic homeostasis during endoreduplication and a ploidy-dependent increase in gene transcription during tomato fruit growth. Development 139, 3817–3826. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.084053 (2012).de Jong, M. et al. Solanum lycopersicum AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 9 regulates cell division activity during early tomato fruit development. J Exp. Bot. 66, 3405–3416. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erv152 (2015).Serrani, J. C., Fos, M., Atares, A. & Garcia-Martinez, J. L. Effect of gibberellin and auxin on parthenocarpic fruit growth induction in the cv micro-tom of tomato. J. Plant Growth Regul. 26, 211–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-007-9014-7 (2007).Srivastava, A. & Handa, A. K. Hormonal regulation of tomato fruit development: a molecular perspective. J. Plant Growth Regul. 24, 67–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-005-0015-0 (2005).Exposito-Rodriguez, M., Borges, A. A., Borges-Perez, A., Hernandez, M. & Perez, J. A. Cloning and biochemical characterization of ToFZY, a tomato gene encoding a flavin monooxygenase involved in a tryptophan-dependent auxin biosynthesis pathway. J. Plant Growth Regul. 26, 329–340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-007-9019-2 (2007).Li, Z. M. et al. High invertase activity in tomato reproductive organs correlates with enhanced sucrose import into, and heat tolerance of, young fruit. J. Exp. Bot. 63, 1155–1166. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err329 (2012).Wang, F., Sanz, A., Brenner, M. L. & Smith, A. Sucrose synthase, starch accumulation, and tomato fruit sink strength. Plant Physiol. 101, 321–327. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.101.1.321 (1993).Pattison, R. J. et al. Comprehensive tissue-specific transcriptome analysis reveals distinct regulatory programs during early tomato fruit development. Plant Physiol. 168, 1684-U1002. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.15.00287 (2015).Musseau, C. et al. Identification of two new mechanisms that regulate fruit growth by cell expansion in tomato. Front. Plant Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00988 (2017).Shiota, H., Sudoh, T. & Tanaka, I. Expression analysis of genes encoding plasma membrane aquaporins during seed and fruit development in tomato. Plant Sci. 171, 277–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2006.03.021 (2006).Wang, L. et al. Ectopically expressing MdPIP1;3, an aquaporin gene, increased fruit size and enhanced drought tolerance of transgenic tomatoes. BMC Plant Biol. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-017-1212-2 (2017).Long, S. P., Zhu, X. G., Naidu, S. L. & Ort, D. R. Can improvement in photosynthesis increase crop yields?. Plant Cell Environ. 29, 315–330. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01493.x (2006).D’Aoust, M. A., Yelle, S. & Nguyen-Quoc, B. Antisense inhibition of tomato fruit sucrose synthase decreases fruit setting and the sucrose unloading capacity of young fruit. Plant Cell 11, 2407–2418. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.11.12.2407 (1999).Liu, T., Hu, Y. Q. & Li, X. X. Characterization of a chestnut FLORICAULA/LEAFY homologous gene. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 10, 3978–3985 (2011).Fridman, E., Carrari, F., Liu, Y. S., Fernie, A. R. & Zamir, D. Zooming in on a quantitative trait for tomato yield using interspecific introgressions. 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Alteration of the interconversion of pyruvate and malate in the plastid or cytosol of ripening tomato fruit invokes diverse consequences on sugar but similar effects on cellular organic acid, metabolism, and transitory starch accumulation. Plant Physiol. 161, 628–643. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.211094 (2013).Gillaspy, G., Bendavid, H. & Gruissem, W. Fruits—a developmental perspective. Plant Cell 5, 1439–1451. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.5.10.1439 (1993).Carrera, E., Ruiz-Rivero, O., Peres, L. E. P., Atares, A. & Garcia-Martinez, J. L. Characterization of the procera tomato mutant shows novel functions of the SlDELLA protein in the control of flower morphology, cell division and expansion, and the auxin-signaling pathway during fruit-set and development. Plant Physiol. 160, 1581–1596. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.204552 (2012).Chen, S. et al. Identification and characterization of tomato gibberellin 2-oxidases (GA2oxs) and effects of fruit-specific SlGA2ox1 overexpression on fruit and seed growth and development. Hortic. Res. https://doi.org/10.1038/hortres.2016.59 (2016).Mignolli, F., Vidoz, M. L., Picciarelli, P. & Mariotti, L. Gibberellins modulate auxin responses during tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit development. Physiol. Plant. 165, 768–779. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12770 (2019).De Jong, M., Wolters-Arts, M., Feron, R., Mariani, C. & Vriezen, W. H. The Solanum lycopersicum auxin response factor 7 (SlARF7) regulates auxin signaling during tomato fruit set and development. Plant J. 57, 160–170. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03671.x (2009).Ellul, P. et al. The ploidy level of transgenic plants in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tomato cotyledons (Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill.) is genotype and procedure dependent. Theor. Appl. 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Local Changes in Chromatin Accessibility and Transcriptional Networks Underlying the Nitrate Response in Arabidopsis Roots

Transcriptional regulation, determined by the chromatin structure and regulatory elements interacting at promoter regions, is a key step in plant responses to environmental cues. Nitrate (NO3-) is a nutrient signal that regulates the expression of hundreds of genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we integrate mRNA sequencing, genome-wide RNA polymerase II (RNPII), chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, and DNase sequencing datasets to establish the relationship between RNPII occupancy and chromatin accessibility in response to NO3- treatments in Arabidopsis roots. Genomic footprinting allowed us to identify in vivo regulatory elements controlling gene expression in response to NO3- treatments. NO3--modulated transcription factor (TF) footprints are important for a rapid increase in RNPII occupancy and transcript accumulation over time. We mapped key TF regulatory interactions and functionally validated the role of NAP, an NAC-domain containing TF, as a new regulatory factor in NO3- transport. Taken together, our study provides a comprehensive view of transcriptional networks in response to a nutrient signal in Arabidopsis roots.This work is funded by Instituto Milenio iBio - Iniciativa Científica Milenio MINECON, Chile; by grants from the Fondo de Desarrollo de Areas Prioritarias (FONDAP) Center for Genome Regulation (15090007), Chile; and Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT) (1180759), Chile; to R.A.G. J.M.A. is supported by postdoctoral grant FONDECYT (3140336), Chile.J.J. is funded by grant MCB-1412948 from the National Science Foundation, United States; and J.M. by funding from the Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Spain (RTA2015-00014-c02-01). We also want to acknowledge the “Severo Ochoa Program for Centers of Excellence in R&D” from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación of Spain (SEV-2016-0672 (2017–2021)) for supporting the scientific services used in this work.Peer reviewe

Length of stay in patients admitted for acute heart failure

Objective: To identify the factors associated with prolonged length of hospital stay in patients admitted for acute heart failure. Methods: Multipurpose observational cohort study including patients from the EAHFE registry admitted for acute heart failure in 25 Spanish hospitals. Data were collected on demographic and clinical variables and on the day and place of admission. The primary outcome was length of hospital stay longer than the median. Results: We included 2,400 patients with a mean age of 79.5 (9.9) years; of these, 1,334 (55.6%) were women. Five hundred and ninety (24.6%) were admitted to the short stay unit (SSU), 606 (25.2%) to cardiology, and 1,204 (50.2%) to internal medicine or gerontology. The mean length of hospital stay was 7.0 (RIC 4-11) days. Fifty-eight (2.4%) patients died and 562 (23.9%) were readmitted within 30 days after discharge. The factors associated with prolonged length of hospital stay were chronic pulmonary disease; being a device carrier; having an unknown or uncommon triggering factor; the presence of renal insufficiency, hyponatremia and anaemia in the emergency department; not being admitted to an SSU or the lack of this facility in the hospital; and being admitted on Monday, Tuesday or Wednesday. The factors associated with length of hospital stay <= 7days were hypertension, having a hypertensive episode, or a lack of treatment adherence. The area under the curve of the mixed model adjusted to the center was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.76-0.80; p < 0.001). Conclusions: A series of factors is associated with prolonged length of hospital stay and should be taken into account in the management of acute heart failure

Análisis estructural, ambiental y social sobre riesgos naturales en el sector austral del piedemonte precordillerano mendocino.

El sector austral del piedemonte precordillerano mendocino se caracteriza, a diferencia de la zona centro y norte, por ser el único sector que no posee obras de infraestructura hidráulicas que lo protejan de eventuales fenómenos conocidos como debris flood o flash flood (dependiendo de las características que se remarquen) localmente identificados como aluviones. Esta es una zona considerada como de muy alta vulnerabilidad social y estructural por una multiplicidad de situaciones de origen natural, social, estructural y político. En vista a las ya realizadas identificaciones de elementos estructurales locales con potencial tanto sismogenético como de producción de aluvionamiento de características destructivas, se realizaron mapas de peligro de eventos geológicos e hidrológicos

Evaluación formativa y de calidad de la competencia genérica "comunicación eficaz oral y escrita" en titulaciones técnicas

[SPA] En este trabajo, hemos llevado a cabo la evaluación de una actividad formativa enmarcada dentro de la competencia genérica “comunicación eficaz oral y escrita” con el fin de comprobar si el proceso evaluativo propuesto cumple con los estándares de calidad definidos por expertos y agencias de evaluación. La búsqueda e implementación de modelos de evaluación coherentes con los resultados esperados del aprendizaje y orientados a la calidad van a ser claves en los futuros procesos de acreditación de los títulos universitarios ya que, si están bien diseñados permitirán verificar la consecución de las competencias descritas en el perfil de formación de los Grados. En este artículo, tras definir los criterios de calidad evaluativa, se comenta la estructura curricular de dicha competencia genérica y del proceso de selección de la rúbrica empleada. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto la importancia del proceso de planificación, divulgación y retroalimentación para satisfacer los criterios de adecuación, autenticidad, transparencia, viabilidad y carácter formativo de la evaluación. En relación con la validez y fiabilidad del proceso de evaluación, se plantean una serie de posibles estrategias para la mejora de ambos parámetros. [ENG] This paper reports the design and test of an evaluation tool for formative activities in the field of the generic competence "Effective written and oral communication". The agreement of the evaluative results with the standards defined by experts and quality assurance agencies is discussed. The importance of defining evaluation tools that are coherent with the expected learning outcomes relies on the necessity to verify the achievement of the competences defined in Graduate programs. We define the quality criteria for the evaluation of the generic competence and therefore its curriculum structure and the selection of the adequate rubric for evaluation. The results obtained state the importance of the planning, circulation and feedback of the evaluation process, in order to assure the requirements for adequacy, authenticity, transparency, viability and formative character. Finally, some strategies are proposed in order to improve the validity and reliability of these evaluation tools

Atención al síndrome coronario agudo con elevación del segmento ST en el distrito 19 de salud de la Comunidad Valenciana / José Carbajosa Dalmau; directores, Aurelio Luna Maldonado, José Vicente Balaguer Martínez.

Tesis-Universidad de Murcia.Consulte la tesis en: BCA. GENERAL. ARCHIVO UNIVERSITARIO. T.M. 3532