Aplicación de programas de atención temprana siguiendo un modelo educativo

En la actualidad la aplicación de programas de Atención Temprana (AT) hace más hincapié en la importancia de los contextos en los se desenvuelve el niño y en las interacciones de éste con el medio. El modelo educativo se ajusta muy bien a los nuevos conceptos y las nuevas formas de la atención temprana, basadas en una perspectiva ecológico-transaccional. Además de la intervención individual y sistematizada dirigida al niño, existen otros aspectos relevantes en atención temprana como pueden ser la detección, el seguimiento o la escolarización temprana. En este trabajo se hace una actualización de los conceptos de la atención temprana, y de la aplicación de los programas de AT siguiendo un modelo educativo. Se revisan también los antecedentes y la contextualización de un servicio público de atención temprana dependiente de la administración educativa de una región española (Murcia), describiendo los diversos programas que llevan a cabo. Finalmente, se recogen una serie de consideraciones metodológicas y organizativas de cara a la ejecución de los programas en los equipos y por la propia administración pública

Progreso en el desarrollo de un grupo de niños prematuros y estado de ánimo recordado por sus progenitores

Con el presente trabajo pretendemos analizar si el hecho de que los niños presenten un progreso más adecuado está relacionado con el recuerdo positivo que tienen los progenitores de su estado de ánimo. Los participantes en nuestro estudio fueron 48 niños (25 varones y 23 mujeres) evaluados con las Escalas BSID-II (Bayley, 1993), a las edades de 1m., 6m., 12m., 18m. y 24 meses de edad corregida y 36 meses de edad cronológica, con las que se obtuvo la variable progreso; y sus progenitores, fueron evaluados con la Encuesta sobre el Grado de Satisfacción con el Servicio Prestado de Atención Temprana (Sánchez-Caravaca, 2006), que incluía una serie de cuestiones referentes al recuerdo del estrés vivenciado por los progenitores a lo largo de los 3 primeros años de vida de su hijo. Nuestros resultados indican diferencias entre los datos obtenidos con las madres y los padres. Así, mientras en las madres el estado de ánimo parece asociarse al progreso mental y psicomotor del niño, no parece ocurrir lo mismo con los padres. Estos resultados se discuten a la luz de los trabajos existentes sobre el tema y se analizan sus repercusiones para la elaboración de programas de atención temprana.The current work intends to analyze if the fact that a group of preterm children present a more suitable mental and psychomotor progress is related to the positive memory of state of mind of their parents. The participants were 48 preterm children (25 boys and 23 girls) and their parents. The children were tested at 1, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley, 1993), from which the progress variable was calculated. The parents were tested using the Survey about Degree of Satisfaction with the Service rendered in EI (Sánchez-Caravaca, 2006). Our results indicate differences between the data collected with the mothers and the parents. In the mothers seems to be associated if a better memory of state of mind with a greater mental progress at 6 months and also with a greater psychomotor progress to 24m and 36m of age of the children. What it does not happen with the parents. Our results are discussed in the light of some other previous research.peerReviewe

Factores explicativos del buen gobierno en la empresa española: Explanatory factors of good governance in spanish listed firms

This paper investigates the level of compliance of several recommendations regarding board of directors included in the Code of Corporate Governance for Spanish listed firms and their determinants during the period 2007-2008. The results show that compliance is positively related to board independence and the presence of women on the board.El presente estudio analiza empíricamente el grado de cumplimiento de varias recomendaciones relativas al consejo de administración establecidas por el Código Unificado de Buen Gobierno de las sociedades españolas cotizadas, y sus factores determinantes durante los años 2007 y 2008. Los resultados evidencian que aquellas empresas con mayor proporción de consejeros independientes y de presencia de mujeres en el consejo presentan un mejor índice de cumplimiento

COVID-19 Fear, Resilience, Social Support, Anxiety, and Suicide among College Students in Spain

Worldwide, previous studies have expressed concerns regarding the broad psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic among college students as they are considered an especially vulnerable group. However, few studies have examined the prevalence of, risk of, and protective factors associated with fear of COVID-19 among college students in Europe. We have sought to address gaps in the literature by conducting a cross-sectional survey among 517 college students (79.1% women and 20.9% men) from a public university in the southeast of Spain. Participants were asked to complete the Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S) questionnaire and answer questions related to resilience, social support, anxiety, and suicide risk levels using validated scales. The results of the analysis of the variables associated with fear of COVID-19 suggest that, in addition to gender, the factor of anxiety shows a robust positive association and effect with COVID-19 fear (p < 0.001). According to our results, university institutions must adopt support mechanisms to alleviate psychological impacts on students during this pandemic, treating it similarly to other disasters. Implications for social work to reduce COVID-19 fear are also discussed

Short communication: Effect of αS1-casein (CSN1S1) and κ-casein (CSN3) genotypes on milk composition in Murciano-Granadina goats

The effects of the caprine alpha(S1)-casein (CSN1S1) polymorphisms on milk quality have been widely demonstrated. However, much less is known about the consequences of the kappa-casein (CSN3) genotype on milk composition in goats. Moreover, the occurrence of interactions between CSN3 and CSN1S1 genotypes has not been investigated. In this study, an association analysis between CSN1S1 and CSN3 genotypes and milk quality traits was performed in 89 Murciano-Granadina goats. Total milk yield as well as total protein, fat, solids-not-fat, lactose, alpha(S1)-casein (CSN1S1), and alpha(S2)-casein (CSN1S2) contents were recorded every other month during a whole lactation (316 observations). Data analysis using a linear mixed model for repeated observations revealed no interaction between the CSN1S1 and CSN3 genotypes. With regard to the effect of the CSN3 locus, AB and BB genotypes were significantly associated with higher levels of total casein and protein content compared with the AA CSN3 genotype. In strong contrast with French breeds, the CSN1S1 genotype did not affect protein, casein, and fat concentrations in Murciano-Granadina goats. These results highlight the importance of taking into consideration the CSN3 genotype when performing selection for milk composition in dairy goats

Effect of αs1-casein (CSN1S1) genotype on milk CSN1S1 content in Malagueña and Murciano-Granadina goats

There is substantial evidence showing that the polymorphism of the goat αs1-casein (CSN1S1) gene has a major effect on milk protein, casein and fat content as well as on cheese yield. However, its influence on the synthesis rate of CSN1S1 has been less studied, with measurements only available in French breeds. In this article, we have measured milk CSN1S1 content in 89 Malagueña and 138 Murciano-Granadina goats with 305 and 460 phenotypic registers, respectively. In the Malagueña breed, average values of CSN1S1 content estimated for BB, BF, EE and FF genotypes were 6·94±0·38, 5·36±0·22, 4·58±0·13 and 3·98±0·27 g/l, respectively, being all significantly different (P<0·05). Conversely, in the Murciano-Granadina breed only the BB genotype (8·50±0·60 g/l) was significantly associated with increased levels of CSN1S1 (P<0·05), whereas BF (6·56±0·82 g/l), EE (6·39±0·60 g/l) and EF (6·91±0·76 g/l) genotypes displayed non-significant differences when compared with each other. Our results highlight the existence of breed-specific genetic and/or environmental factors modulating the impact of the CSN1S1 gene polymorphism on the synthesis rate of the corresponding protein.This work was funded with grants from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (1FD1997-1052-C02-01 and AGL2002- 04304-C03-02-GAN).Peer reviewe

Effects of αs1-casein (CSN1S1) and κ-casein (CSN3) genotypes on milk coagulation properties in Murciano-Granadina goats

The effects of the caprine αs1-casein (CSN1S1) polymorphisms on milk quality and cheese yield have been widely studied in French and Italian goat breeds. Much less is known about the consequences of κ-casein (CSN3) genotype on the technological and coagulation properties of goat milk. In the current study, we have performed an association analysis between polymorphisms at the goat CSN1S1 and CSN3 genes and milk coagulation (rennet coagulation time, curdling rate and curd firmness) and technological (time to cutting of curd and cheese yield) properties. In this analysis, we have included 193 records from 74 Murciano-Granadina goats (with genotypes constituted by different combinations of alleles B, E and F of the gene CSN1S1 and alleles A and B of the gene CSN3) distributed in three herds, which were collected bimonthly during a whole lactation. Data analysis, using a linear mixed model for repeated observations, revealed significant associations between CSN1S1 genotypes and the rate of the curdling process. In this way, milk from EE goats had a significantly higher curdling rate than milk from BB individuals (PAB, P<0·05) but not on cheese yield. No interaction between the CSN1S1 and CSN3 genotypes was observed.This work was funded by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (AGL2002-04304-C03-02- GAN).Peer reviewe

EL PAPEL DE LOS TOMILLARES (THYMUS VULGARIS L.) EN LA PROTECCIÓN DE LA EROSIÓN DEL SUELO

The role of Thymus vulgaris formations in the control of erosion problem, in the arroyo de la Vega basin, is the main objectives of this paper. The main representative soil units are: fluvisols, calcisols, regosols, leptosols, gypsisols and cambisols, all developed from miocenic materials. This area is catalogued by local authorities (Comunidad de Madrid), as Significative Erosion Area because there exist an active process of soil erosion. Six plot has been selected according to their environmental and spatial representative and slope degree. In each plot the following data were achieved: abundance/dominant index of every vegetal community, plant cover, number of species, number of individuals of each specie and biomass. In order to evaluate the behaviour of soil against erosion the following features were studied: texture, pH, electrical conductivity, water storage capacity, porosity, density, bulk density, organic carbon, total nitrogen, equivalent calcium carbonate and calcium carbonate extractable in ammonia oxalate. Rainfall test were performed in each plot using a portable rainfall simulator; runoff and sediment yield-out data were obtained. Plots with low biomass show a high runoff and soil losses mean while plots with a high biomass, vegetal diversity and high value of surface stoniness show lower values of runoff and sediment yield-out.Se estudia la influencia de los tomillos vulgares

Response‐adapted treatment with rituximab, bendamustine, mitoxantrone, and dexamethasone followed by rituximab maintenance in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma after first‐line immunochemotherapy: Results of the RBMDGELTAMO08 phase II trial

Background: Consensus is lacking regarding the optimal salvage therapy for patients with follicular lymphoma who relapse after or are refractory to immunochemotherapy. Methods: This phase II trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of response‐adapted therapy with rituximab, bendamustine, mitoxantrone, and dexamethasone (RBMD) in follicular lymphoma patients who relapsed after or were refractory to first‐line immunochemotherapy. Sixty patients received three treatment cycles, and depending on their response received an additional one (complete/unconfirmed complete response) or three (partial response) cycles. Patients who responded to induction received rituximab maintenance therapy for 2 years. Results: Thirty‐three (55%) and 42 (70%) patients achieved complete/unconfirmed complete response after three cycles and on completing induction therapy (4‐6 cycles), respectively (final overall response rate, 88.3%). Median progression‐free survival was 56.4 months (median follow‐up, 28.3 months; 95% CI, 15.6‐51.2). Overall survival was not reached. Progression‐free survival did not differ between patients who received four vs six cycles (P = .6665), nor between patients who did/did not receive rituximab maintenance after first‐line therapy (P = .5790). Median progression‐ free survival in the 10 refractory patients was 25.5 months (95% CI, 0.6‐N/A) and was longer in patients who had shown progression of disease after 24 months of first‐line therapy (median, 56.4 months; 95% CI, 19.8‐56.4) than in those who showed early progression (median, 42.31 months; 95% CI, 24.41–NA) (P = .4258). Thirty‐six (60%) patients had grade 3/4 neutropenia. Grade 3/4 febrile neutropenia and infection were recorded during induction (4/60 [6.7%] and 5/60 [8.3%] patients, respectively) and maintenance (2/43 [4.5%] and 4/43 [9.1%] patients, respectively). Conclusions: This response‐adapted treatment with RBMD followed by rituximab maintenance is an effective and well‐tolerated salvage treatment for relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma following first‐line immunochemotherapy. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov # NCT01133158

Registro Español de Trasplante Cardiaco. XXXI Informe Oficial de la Asociación de Insuficiencia Cardiaca de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología

Introducción y objetivos Se presentan las características clínicas y los resultados de los trasplantes cardiacos realizados en España con la actualización correspondiente a 2019. Métodos Se describen las características clínicas y los resultados de los trasplantes cardiacos realizados en 2019, así como las tendencias de estos en el periodo 2010-2018. Resultados En 2019 se realizaron 300 trasplantes (8.794 desde 1984; 2.745 entre 2010 y 2019). Respecto a años previos, los cambios más llamativos son el descenso hasta el 38% de los trasplantes realizados en código urgente, y la consolidación en el cambio de asistencia circulatoria pretrasplante, con la práctica desaparición del balón de contrapulsación (0, 7%), la estabilización del uso del oxigenador extracorpóreo de membrana (9, 6%) y el aumento de los dispositivos de asistencia ventricular (29%). La supervivencia en el trienio 2016-2018 es similar a la del trienio 2013-2015 (p = 0, 34), y ambas mejores que la del trienio 2010-2012 (p = 0, 002 y p = 0, 01 respectivamente). Conclusiones Se mantienen estables tanto la actividad del trasplante cardiaco en España como los resultados en supervivencia en los últimos 2 trienios. Hay una tendencia a realizar menos trasplantes urgentes, la mayoría con dispositivos de asistencia ventricular. Introduction and objectives: The present report describes the clinical characteristics and outcomes of heart transplants in Spain and updates the data to 2019. Methods: We describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of heart transplants performed in Spain in 2019, as well as trends in this procedure from 2010 to 2018. Results: In 2019, 300 transplants were performed (8794 since 1984; 2745 between 2010 and 2019). Compared with previous years, the most notable findings were the decreasing rate of urgent transplants (38%), and the consolidation of the type of circulatory support prior to transplant, with an almost complete disappearance of counterpulsation balloon (0.7%), stabilization in the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (9.6%), and an increase in the use of ventricular assist devices (29.0%). Survival from 2016 to 2018 was similar to that from 2013 to 2015 (P = .34). Survival in both these periods was better than that from 2010 to 2012 (P = .002 and P = .01, respectively). Conclusions: Heart transplant activity has remained stable during the last few years, as have outcomes (in terms of survival). There has been a trend to a lower rate of urgent transplants and to a higher use of ventricular assist devices prior to transplant