517 research outputs found
Detection of Anomalous Microwave Emission in the Pleiades Reflection Nebula with WMAP and the COSMOSOMAS Experiment
We present evidence for anomalous microwave emission (AME) in the Pleiades
reflection nebula, using data from the seven-year release of the Wilkinson
Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) and from the COSMOSOMAS experiment. The flux
integrated in a 1-degree radius around R.A.=56.24^{\circ}, Dec.=23.78^{\circ}
(J2000) is 2.15 +/- 0.12 Jy at 22.8 GHz, where AME is dominant. COSMOSOMAS data
show no significant emission, but allow to set upper limits of 0.94 and 1.58 Jy
(99.7% C.L.) respectively at 10.9 and 14.7 GHz, which are crucial to pin down
the AME spectrum at these frequencies, and to discard any other emission
mechanisms which could have an important contribution to the signal detected at
22.8 GHz. We estimate the expected level of free-free emission from an
extinction-corrected H-alpha template, while the thermal dust emission is
characterized from infrared DIRBE data and extrapolated to microwave
frequencies. When we deduct the contribution from these two components at 22.8
GHz the residual flux, associated with AME, is 2.12 +/- 0.12 Jy (17.7-sigma).
The spectral energy distribution from 10 to 60 GHz can be accurately fitted
with a model of electric dipole emission from small spinning dust grains
distributed in two separated phases of molecular and atomic gas, respectively.
The dust emissivity, calculated by correlating the 22.8 GHz data with
100-micron data, is found to be 4.36+/-0.17 muK/MJy/sr, a value that is rather
low compared with typical values in dust clouds. The physical properties of the
Pleiades nebula indicate that this is indeed a much less opaque object than
others were AME has usually been detected. This fact, together with the broad
knowledge of the stellar content of this region, provides an excellent testbed
for AME characterization in physical conditions different from those generally
explored up to now.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 12 pages, 8 figure
The random case of Conley's theorem: III. Random semiflow case and Morse decomposition
In the first part of this paper, we generalize the results of the author
\cite{Liu,Liu2} from the random flow case to the random semiflow case, i.e. we
obtain Conley decomposition theorem for infinite dimensional random dynamical
systems. In the second part, by introducing the backward orbit for random
semiflow, we are able to decompose invariant random compact set (e.g. global
random attractor) into random Morse sets and connecting orbits between them,
which generalizes the Morse decomposition of invariant sets originated from
Conley \cite{Con} to the random semiflow setting and gives the positive answer
to an open problem put forward by Caraballo and Langa \cite{CL}.Comment: 21 pages, no figur
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: CO(J = 3 - 2) mapping and lens modeling of an ACT-selected dusty star-forming galaxy
We report Northern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) CO()
observations of the dusty star-forming galaxy ACT-S\,J020941+001557 at , which was detected as an unresolved source in the Atacama Cosmology
Telescope (ACT) equatorial survey. Our spatially resolved spectral line data
support the derivation of a gravitational lens model from 37 independent
velocity channel maps using a pixel-based algorithm, from which we infer a
velocity-dependent magnification factor with a
luminosity-weighted mean \left\approx 13. The resulting
source-plane reconstruction is consistent with a rotating disk, although other
scenarios cannot be ruled out by our data. After correction for lensing, we
derive a line luminosity , a cold gas mass , a dynamical mass , and a gas mass
fraction . The line brightness
temperature ratio of relative to a Green Bank Telescope
CO() detection may be elevated by a combination of external heating of
molecular clouds, differential lensing, and/or pointing errors.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted to Ap
Constraints on the Polarization of the Anomalous Microwave Emission in the Perseus Molecular Complex from 7-year WMAP data
We have used the seven year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) data
in order to update the measurements of the intensity signal in the G159.6-18.5
region within the Perseus Molecular Complex, and to set constraints on the
polarization level of the anomalous microwave emission in the frequency range
where this emission is dominant. At 23, 33 and 41 GHz, we obtain upper limits
on the fractional linear polarization of 1.0, 1.8 and 2.7% respectively (with a
95 per cent confidence level). These measurements rule out a significant number
of models based on magnetic dipole emission of grains that consist of a simple
domain (Draine & Lazarian 1999) as responsible of the anomalous emission. When
combining our results with the measurement obtained with the COSMOSOMAS
experiment at 11 GHz (Battistelli et al. 2006), we find consistency with the
predictions of the electric dipole and resonance relaxation theory (Lazarian &
Draine 2000) at this frequency range.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, ApJ submitte
Stochastic attractors for shell phenomenological models of turbulence
Recently, it has been proposed that the Navier-Stokes equations and a
relevant linear advection model have the same long-time statistical properties,
in particular, they have the same scaling exponents of their structure
functions. This assertion has been investigate rigorously in the context of
certain nonlinear deterministic phenomenological shell model, the Sabra shell
model, of turbulence and its corresponding linear advection counterpart model.
This relationship has been established through a "homotopy-like" coefficient
which bridges continuously between the two systems. That is, for
one obtains the full nonlinear model, and the corresponding linear
advection model is achieved for . In this paper, we investigate the
validity of this assertion for certain stochastic phenomenological shell models
of turbulence driven by an additive noise. We prove the continuous dependence
of the solutions with respect to the parameter . Moreover, we show the
existence of a finite-dimensional random attractor for each value of
and establish the upper semicontinuity property of this random attractors, with
respect to the parameter . This property is proved by a pathwise
argument. Our study aims toward the development of basic results and techniques
that may contribute to the understanding of the relation between the long-time
statistical properties of the nonlinear and linear models
Tree-stem bucking optimization at the forest management unit level
In planning forest harvests the bucking optimization problem arises at tree-level as well as standand forest management unit-level. In a former project, Dynamic Programming has been coded in spreadsheets for obtaining optimal bucking patterns at tree-level for major species in NE Argentina. At the stand- and forest-level the problem has been formulated as a linear programming, master problem, and using a longest path algorithm for sub-problem, bucking pattern generation. GLPK and Java were used for coding OptimEsus, a software tool aimed at solving problems at these levels. A three stand problem was solved as a prototypical example.Laboratorio de Investigación de Sistemas Ecológicos y AmbientalesInstituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuari
Branches structure models for Pinus taeda: a contribution to the development of tools that allow for evaluate bole quality and bucking planning
Being able to predict the quality and value of forest products is much desired by the timber industry. The final price and quality of the wood is largely determined by knots and internodes length. To model size and distribution of knots, as well as internodes length, a good understanding of crown architecture is needed. In order to contribute to this goal, several models were developed for Pinus taeda in Misiones province.Laboratorio de Investigación de Sistemas Ecológicos y AmbientalesFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias y ForestalesInstituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuari
First Season QUIET Observations: Measurements of CMB Polarization Power Spectra at 43 GHz in the Multipole Range 25 <= ell <= 475
The Q/U Imaging ExperimenT (QUIET) employs coherent receivers at 43GHz and
95GHz, operating on the Chajnantor plateau in the Atacama Desert in Chile, to
measure the anisotropy in the polarization of the CMB. QUIET primarily targets
the B modes from primordial gravitational waves. The combination of these
frequencies gives sensitivity to foreground contributions from diffuse Galactic
synchrotron radiation. Between 2008 October and 2010 December, >10,000hours of
data were collected, first with the 19-element 43GHz array (3458hours) and then
with the 90-element 95GHz array. Each array observes the same four fields,
selected for low foregrounds, together covering ~1000deg^2. This paper reports
initial results from the 43GHz receiver which has an array sensitivity to CMB
fluctuations of 69uK sqrt(s). The data were extensively studied with a large
suite of null tests before the power spectra, determined with two independent
pipelines, were examined. Analysis choices, including data selection, were
modified until the null tests passed. Cross correlating maps with different
telescope pointings is used to eliminate a bias. This paper reports the EE, BB
and EB power spectra in the multipole range ell=25-475. With the exception of
the lowest multipole bin for one of the fields, where a polarized foreground,
consistent with Galactic synchrotron radiation, is detected with 3sigma
significance, the E-mode spectrum is consistent with the LCDM model, confirming
the only previous detection of the first acoustic peak. The B-mode spectrum is
consistent with zero, leading to a measurement of the tensor-to-scalar ratio of
r=0.35+1.06-0.87. The combination of a new time-stream double-demodulation
technique, Mizuguchi-Dragone optics, natural sky rotation, and frequent
boresight rotation leads to the lowest level of systematic contamination in the
B-mode power so far reported, below the level of r=0.1Comment: 19 pages, 14 figures, higher quality figures are available at
http://quiet.uchicago.edu/results/index.html; Fixed a typo and corrected
statistical error values used as a reference in Figure 14, showing our
systematic uncertainties (unchanged) vs. multipole; Revision to ApJ accepted
version, this paper should be cited as "QUIET Collaboration et al. (2011)
Spectral quantification of nonlinear behaviour of the nearshore seabed and correlations with potential forcings at Duck, N.C., U.S.A
Local bathymetric quasi-periodic patterns of oscillation are identified from
monthly profile surveys taken at two shore-perpendicular transects at the USACE
field research facility in Duck, North Carolina, USA, spanning 24.5 years and
covering the swash and surf zones. The chosen transects are the two furthest
(north and south) from the pier located at the study site. Research at Duck has
traditionally focused on one or more of these transects as the effects of the
pier are least at these locations. The patterns are identified using singular
spectrum analysis (SSA). Possible correlations with potential forcing
mechanisms are discussed by 1) doing an SSA with same parameter settings to
independently identify the quasi-periodic cycles embedded within three
potentially linked sequences: monthly wave heights (MWH), monthly mean water
levels (MWL) and the large scale atmospheric index known as the North Atlantic
Oscillation (NAO) and 2) comparing the patterns within MWH, MWL and NAO to the
local bathymetric patterns. The results agree well with previous patterns
identified using wavelets and confirm the highly nonstationary behaviour of
beach levels at Duck; the discussion of potential correlations with
hydrodynamic and atmospheric phenomena is a new contribution. The study is then
extended to all measured bathymetric profiles, covering an area of 1100m
(alongshore) by 440m (cross-shore), to 1) analyse linear correlations between
the bathymetry and the potential forcings using multivariate empirical
orthogonal functions (MEOF) and linear correlation analysis and 2) identify
which collective quasi-periodic bathymetric patterns are correlated with those
within MWH, MWL or NAO, based on a (nonlinear) multichannel singular spectrum
analysis (MSSA). (...continued in submitted paper)Comment: 50 pages, 3 tables, 8 figure
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