Online Fault Classification in HPC Systems through Machine Learning

As High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems strive towards the exascale goal, studies suggest that they will experience excessive failure rates. For this reason, detecting and classifying faults in HPC systems as they occur and initiating corrective actions before they can transform into failures will be essential for continued operation. In this paper, we propose a fault classification method for HPC systems based on machine learning that has been designed specifically to operate with live streamed data. We cast the problem and its solution within realistic operating constraints of online use. Our results show that almost perfect classification accuracy can be reached for different fault types with low computational overhead and minimal delay. We have based our study on a local dataset, which we make publicly available, that was acquired by injecting faults to an in-house experimental HPC system.Comment: Accepted for publication at the Euro-Par 2019 conferenc

High-risk human papilloma virus, precancerous lesions and cancer in anal condylomas

INTRODUCTION: anal condylomas are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and are a risk factor for anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). OBJECTIVE: to conduct a meta-analysis evaluating the prevalence of anal high-risk-HPV, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and SCC in patients with condylomas. The standardised incidence ratio (SIR) and the incidence rate (IR) of anal SCC were also calculated. METHODS: three electronic databases were searched until April 2020. Meta-analyses were performed using random effects models. RESULTS: pooled prevalence estimate of HR-HPV in anal condylomas was 40.2% (21.0 - 63.1) in immunocompromised and 16.4% (10.7 - 24.3) in non-immunocompromised patients, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.79 (1.51-9.52, P = 0.005) for immunocompromised patients. HR-HPV in condylomas with HSIL was 73.8% (39.1 - 92.5) and in non-HSIL cases was 17.7% (9.6 - 30.2), corresponding to an OR of 12.33 (2.97-51.21, P = 0.001) for those with HSIL. The prevalence of HSIL in condylomas was 24.0% (16.4 - 33.7) in immunocompromised and 11.8% (7.2 - 18.8) in non-immunocompromised patients, with an OR of 2.51 (1.72-3.65, P < 0.001) for immunocompromised patients. The overall prevalence of anal SCC was 0.3% (0.0 - 1.7). The SIR of anal SCC was 10.7 (8.5 - 13.5), 20.1 (14.4 - 28.2) in men and 7.7 (5.6 - 10.5) in women. The overall IR of anal SCC was 6.5 per 100 000 persons-year (3.6 - 11.7), 12.7 (9.1 - 17.8) in men and 4.7 (1.7 - 13) in women. CONCLUSION: patients with a history of anal condylomas have a high risk of anal SCC, especially men. The prevalence of HR-HPV and HSIL in condylomas from immunocompromised patients is high. This information can change patient follow-up and treatment

Lava flow susceptibility map of mt etna based on numerical simulations

We constructed maps of probability of lava inundation using computer simulations considering the past eruptive behaviour of the Mt. Etna volcano and data deriving from monitoring networks. The basic a priori assumption is that new volcanoes will not form far from existing ones and that such a distribution can be performed using a Cauchy kernel. Geophysical data are useful to update or fine tune the initial Cauchy kernel to better reflect the distribution of future volcanism. In order to obtain a final susceptibility map, a statistical analysis permits a classification of Etna’s flank eruptions into twelve types. The simulation method consists of creating a probability surface of the location of future eruption vents and segmenting the region according to the most likely historical eruption on which to base the simulation. The paths of lava flows were calculated using the MAGFLOW Cellular Automata (CA) model, allowing us to simulate the discharge rate dependent spread of lava as a function of time

Effect of Aqueous Ozone on the NF-κB System

Ozone has been proposed as an alternative oral antiseptic in dentistry, due to its antimicrobial power reported for gaseous and aqueous forms, the latter showing a high biocompatibility with mammalian cells. New therapeutic strategies for the treatment of periodontal disease and apical periodontitis should consider not only antibacterial effects, but also their influence on the host immune response. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the effect of aqueous ozone on the NF-κB system, a paradigm for inflammationassociated signaling/transcription. We showed that NF-κB activity in oral cells stimulated with TNF, and in periodontal ligament tissue from root surfaces of periodontally damaged teeth, was inhibited following incubation with ozonized medium. Under this treatment, IκBalpah proteolysis, cytokine expression, and κB-dependent transcription were prevented. Specific ozonized amino acids were shown to represent major inhibitory components of ozonized medium. In summary, our study establishes a condition under which aqueous ozone exerts inhibitory effects on the NF-κB system, suggesting that it has an antiinflammatory capacity

Assessment and modeling of lava flow hazard on Etna volcano

A methodology for constructing a probability map of lava inundation by considering the past eruptive behavior of the Mt Etna volcano is described. The basic a priori assumption is that new vents will not form far from existing ones and that such a distribution can be performed using a Gaussian kernel. The methodology is based on several steps: computation of susceptibility map that provides the spatial probability of vent opening; evaluation of the temporal probability for the occurrence of the hazard during the considered time interval; characterization of the expected eruptions; numerical simulations of lava flow paths, and elaboration of the hazard map. The application of MAGFLOW code, a physical-mathematical model, for simulating the lava flow paths represents the central part of this methodology for the hazard assessment at Etna. The simulation approach, to assess lava flow hazard, provides a more robust and locally accurate analysis than a simple probabilistic approach and accounts for the influence of the actual topography on the path of future lava flows

Curcumin affects HSP60 folding activity and levels in neuroblastoma cells

The fundamental challenge in fighting cancer is the development of protective agents able to interfere with the classical pathways of malignant transformation, such as extracellular matrix remodeling, epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition and, alteration of protein homeostasis. In the tumors of the brain, proteotoxic stress represents one of the main triggering agents for cell transformation. Curcumin is a natural compound with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties with promising potential for the development of therapeutic drugs for the treatment of cancer as well as neurodegenerative diseases. Among the mediators of cancer development, HSP60 is a key factor for the maintenance of protein homeostasis and cell survival. High HSP60 levels were correlated, in particular, with cancer development and progression, and for this reason, we investigated the ability of curcumin to affect HSP60 expression, localization, and post-translational modifications using a neuroblastoma cell line. We have also looked at the ability of curcumin to interfere with the HSP60/HSP10 folding machinery. The cells were treated with 6, 12.5, and 25 \ub5M of curcumin for 24 h, and the flow cytometry analysis showed that the compound induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner with a higher percentage of apoptotic cells at 25 \ub5M. This dose of curcumin-induced a decrease in HSP60 protein levels and an upregulation of HSP60 mRNA expression. Moreover, 25 \ub5M of curcumin reduced HSP60 ubiquitination and nitration, and the chaperonin levels were higher in the culture media compared with the untreated cells. Furthermore, curcumin at the same dose was able to favor HSP60 folding activity. The reduction of HSP60 levels, together with the increase in its folding activity and the secretion in the media led to the supposition that curcumin might interfere with cancer progression with a protective mechanism involving the chaperonin

Assessment and modeling of lava flow hazard on Mt. Etna volcano

A methodology for constructing a probability map of lava inundation by considering the past eruptive behavior of the Mt. Etna volcano is described. The basic a priori assumption is that new vents will not form far from existing ones and that such a distribution can be performed using a Gaussian kernel. The methodology follows several steps: computation of a susceptibility map that provides the spatial probability of vent opening; evaluation of the temporal probability for the occurrence of the hazard during the considered time interval; characterization of the expected eruptions; numerical simulations of lava flow paths and elaboration of the hazard map. The application of MAGFLOW code, a physical-mathematical model, for simulating the lava flow paths represents the central part of this methodology for the hazard assessment at Mt. Etna. The simulation approach, to assess lava flow hazard, provides a more robust and locally accurate analysis than a simple probabilistic approach and accounts for the influence of the actual topography on the path of future lava flows

GNG5 Controls the Number of Apical and Basal Progenitors and Alters Neuronal Migration During Cortical Development

Cortical development is a very complex process in which any temporal or spatial alterations can give rise to a wide range of cortical malformations. Among those malformations, periventricular heterotopia (PH) is characterized by clusters of neurons that do not migrate to the correct place. Cerebral organoids derived from patients with mutations in DCHS1 and FAT4, which have been associated with PH, exhibit higher levels of GNG5 expression in a patient-specific cluster of neurons. Here we investigate the role of GNG5 during the development of the cerebral cortex in mice and human cerebral organoids. GNG5, highly expressed in progenitors and downregulated in neurons, is critical for controlling the number of apical and basal progenitors and neuronal migration. Moreover, forced expression of GNG5 recapitulates some of the alterations observed upon downregulation of Dchs1 and Fat4 in mice and human cerebral organoids derived from DCHS1 and FAT4 patients, suggesting a critical role of GNG5 in cortical development

Dermoscopy of uncommon variants of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans

Darier-Ferrand dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a locally aggressive fibrohistiocytic tumour with a low metastatic potential.(1) Because of its rarity, slow progression and lack of early clinical clues, the diagnosis of DFSP is often delayed. Classical DFSP clinically appeared like an indurated, irregularly-shaped plaques exhibiting flesh to reddish-brown colour. Some lesions also showed thin teleangectasia on the surface (Fig. 1, a). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved