Documentary status of the water footprint assessment

This work deals with the methodologies and indicators for the evaluation of the blows of use of fresh water, the analysis methods fundamentally analyze the amount of water used in relation to the blows caused. Taking into account that there is a recognized need to consider impacts, specifically on a life cycle basis, the problem is that the data is considered insufficient or unreliable in the life cycle databases of water use, in addition, it is not coincide with the method of assessing the impact of the life cycle for what is related to the estimated impacts on the use of fresh water, highlight these difficulties and analyze the advantages, limitations, differences in the results between various methods and observe the need for a methodology perfected for evaluating the impacts of water use on the basis of the life cycle.El trabajo trata las metodologías y los indicadores para la evaluación de los impactos de uso del agua dulce, los métodos existentes analizan fundamentalmente la cantidad de agua usada con relación a los impactos ocasionados. Teniendo en cuenta que hay una necesidad reconocida para considerar los impactos, específicamente sobre bases del ciclo de vida, la problemática es que se consideran insuficientes los datos o no son confiables en las bases de datos del ciclo de vida del uso del agua, además no coincide el método de valoración del impacto del ciclo de vida para lo relacionado con los impactos estimados en el uso del agua dulce, se resaltan estas dificultades y se analizan las ventajas, limitaciones, diferencias en los resultados entre diversos métodos y se observa la necesidad de una metodología perfeccionada para la evaluación de los impactos del uso del agua sobre bases del ciclo de vida

Aplicación de un sistema basado en casos para la identificación de opacidad en la cápsula posterior mediante imágenes del pentacam

La opacidad de la cápsula posterior (OCP) es actualmente uno de los aspectos más importantes en la cirugía de catarata de los tiempos modernos. Sigue siendo la complicación posoperatoria tardía más frecuente tras la cirugía de catarata asociada con disminución de la agudeza visual, deterioro de la sensibilidad al contraste y problemas de deslumbramiento que conllevan importantes repercusiones sociales, médicas y económicas. El software PANDOC provee al oftalmólogo de una herramienta por medio de la cual este es capaz de cuantificar numéricamente y detectar diferencias de opacidad (a veces imperceptibles para el ojo humano), logrando así una evaluación objetiva del grado de opacidad y de esta forma minimizar el sesgo de observación entre un médico y otro. Por ello surge la necesidad de identificar automáticamente la OCP en estas imágenes, para lo cual se diseña un sistema basado en casos. La presente investigación se enmarca en la aplicación de un sistema basado en casos integrado al software PANDOC, para identificar y cuantificar objetivamente OCP mediante el uso de las imágenes resultantes de la cámara Scheimpflug del Pentacam.Palabras Clave: opacidad de la cápsula posterior, cataratas, PANDOC, PENTACAM, sistemas basados en casos, base de conocimientos

Unusual context of CENPJ variants and primary microcephaly : compound heterozygosity and nonconsanguinity in an Argentinian patient

Primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder showing an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Patients with MCPH present head circumference values two or three standard deviations (SDs) significantly below the mean for age- and sex-matched populations. MCPH is associated with a nonprogressive mild to severe intellectual disability, with normal brain structure in most patients, or with a small brain and gyri without visceral malformations. We present the case of an adult patient born from Argentinian nonconsanguineous healthy parents. He had a head circumference >5 SD below the mean, cerebral neuroimaging showing hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, bilateral migration disorder with heterotopia of the sylvian fissure and colpocephaly. The patient was compound heterozygous for pathogenic variants in the CENPJ gene (c.289dupA inherited from his mother and c.1132 C > T inherited from his father). Our patient represents an uncommon situation for the usual known context of CENPJ and MCPH, including family origin (Argentinian), pedigree (nonconsanguineous), and genotype (a compound heterozygous case with two variants predicting a truncated protein). Next-generation sequencing studies applied in a broader spectrum of clinical presentations of MCPH syndromes may discover additional similar patients and families

Dengue 3 Epidemic, Havana, 2001

In June 2001, dengue transmission was detected in Havana, Cuba; 12,889 cases were reported. Dengue 3, the etiologic agent of the epidemic, caused the dengue hemorrhagic fever only in adults, with 78 cases and 3 deaths. After intensive vector control efforts, no new cases have been detected

A Multitrait Genetic Study of Hemostatic Factors and Hemorrhagic Transformation after Stroke Treatment

BACKGROUND: Thrombolytic recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) treatment is the only pharmacologic intervention available in the ischemic stroke acute phase. This treatment is associated with an increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhages, known as hemorrhagic transformations (HTs), which worsen the patient\u27s prognosis. OBJECTIVES: to investigate the association between genetically determined natural hemostatic factors\u27 levels and increased risk of HT after r-tPA treatment. METHODS: Using data from genome-wide association studies on the risk of HT after r-tPA treatment and data on 7 hemostatic factors (factor [F]VII, FVIII, von Willebrand factor [VWF], FXI, fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and tissue plasminogen activator), we performed local and global genetic correlation estimation multitrait analyses and colocalization and 2-sample Mendelian randomization analyses between hemostatic factors and HT. RESULTS: Local correlations identified a genomic region on chromosome 16 with shared covariance: fibrinogen-HT, P = 2.45 × 10 CONCLUSION: We identified 4 shared loci between hemostatic factors and HT after r-tPA treatment, suggesting common regulatory mechanisms between fibrinogen and VWF levels and HT. Further research to determine a possible mediating effect of fibrinogen on HT risk is needed

Evidence for a mixed mass composition at the `ankle' in the cosmic-ray spectrum

We report a first measurement for ultra-high energy cosmic rays of the correlation between the depth of shower maximum and the signal in the water Cherenkov stations of air-showers registered simultaneously by the fluorescence and the surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Such a correlation measurement is a unique feature of a hybrid air-shower observatory with sensitivity to both the electromagnetic and muonic components. It allows an accurate determination of the spread of primary masses in the cosmic-ray flux. Up till now, constraints on the spread of primary masses have been dominated by systematic uncertainties. The present correlation measurement is not affected by systematics in the measurement of the depth of shower maximum or the signal in the water Cherenkov stations. The analysis relies on general characteristics of air showers and is thus robust also with respect to uncertainties in hadronic event generators. The observed correlation in the energy range around the `ankle' at $\lg(E/{\rm eV})=18.5-19.0$ differs significantly from expectations for pure primary cosmic-ray compositions. A light composition made up of proton and helium only is equally inconsistent with observations. The data are explained well by a mixed composition including nuclei with mass $A > 4$. Scenarios such as the proton dip model, with almost pure compositions, are thus disfavoured as the sole explanation of the ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray flux at Earth.Comment: Published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Added Report Numbe

Calibration of the Logarithmic-Periodic Dipole Antenna (LPDA) Radio Stations at the Pierre Auger Observatory using an Octocopter

An in-situ calibration of a logarithmic periodic dipole antenna with a frequency coverage of 30 MHz to 80 MHz is performed. Such antennas are part of a radio station system used for detection of cosmic ray induced air showers at the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory, the so-called Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA). The directional and frequency characteristics of the broadband antenna are investigated using a remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) carrying a small transmitting antenna. The antenna sensitivity is described by the vector effective length relating the measured voltage with the electric-field components perpendicular to the incoming signal direction. The horizontal and meridional components are determined with an overall uncertainty of 7.4^{+0.9}_{-0.3} % and 10.3^{+2.8}_{-1.7} % respectively. The measurement is used to correct a simulated response of the frequency and directional response of the antenna. In addition, the influence of the ground conductivity and permittivity on the antenna response is simulated. Both have a negligible influence given the ground conditions measured at the detector site. The overall uncertainties of the vector effective length components result in an uncertainty of 8.8^{+2.1}_{-1.3} % in the square root of the energy fluence for incoming signal directions with zenith angles smaller than 60{\deg}.Comment: Published version. Updated online abstract only. Manuscript is unchanged with respect to v2. 39 pages, 15 figures, 2 table

Multi-resolution anisotropy studies of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory

We report a multi-resolution search for anisotropies in the arrival directions of cosmic rays detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory with local zenith angles up to $80^\circ$ and energies in excess of 4 EeV ($4 \times 10^{18}$ eV). This search is conducted by measuring the angular power spectrum and performing a needlet wavelet analysis in two independent energy ranges. Both analyses are complementary since the angular power spectrum achieves a better performance in identifying large-scale patterns while the needlet wavelet analysis, considering the parameters used in this work, presents a higher efficiency in detecting smaller-scale anisotropies, potentially providing directional information on any observed anisotropies. No deviation from isotropy is observed on any angular scale in the energy range between 4 and 8 EeV. Above 8 EeV, an indication for a dipole moment is captured; while no other deviation from isotropy is observed for moments beyond the dipole one. The corresponding $p$-values obtained after accounting for searches blindly performed at several angular scales, are $1.3 \times 10^{-5}$ in the case of the angular power spectrum, and $2.5 \times 10^{-3}$ in the case of the needlet analysis. While these results are consistent with previous reports making use of the same data set, they provide extensions of the previous works through the thorough scans of the angular scales.Comment: Published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Added Report Numbe

Ultrahigh-energy neutrino follow-up of Gravitational Wave events GW150914 and GW151226 with the Pierre Auger Observatory

On September 14, 2015 the Advanced LIGO detectors observed their first gravitational-wave (GW) transient GW150914. This was followed by a second GW event observed on December 26, 2015. Both events were inferred to have arisen from the merger of black holes in binary systems. Such a system may emit neutrinos if there are magnetic fields and disk debris remaining from the formation of the two black holes. With the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory we can search for neutrinos with energy above 100 PeV from point-like sources across the sky with equatorial declination from about -65 deg. to +60 deg., and in particular from a fraction of the 90% confidence-level (CL) inferred positions in the sky of GW150914 and GW151226. A targeted search for highly-inclined extensive air showers, produced either by interactions of downward-going neutrinos of all flavors in the atmosphere or by the decays of tau leptons originating from tau-neutrino interactions in the Earth's crust (Earth-skimming neutrinos), yielded no candidates in the Auger data collected within $\pm 500$ s around or 1 day after the coordinated universal time (UTC) of GW150914 and GW151226, as well as in the same search periods relative to the UTC time of the GW candidate event LVT151012. From the non-observation we constrain the amount of energy radiated in ultrahigh-energy neutrinos from such remarkable events.Comment: Published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Added Report Numbe