An Analysis on the Interpretation of Motifs Contained in Op.32 No.13 D Flat Major Prelude By Sergei Rachmaninoff

DergiPark: 866567bmsdFrederic Chopin’in sayesinde evrim geçirmiş olan prelüt formunda, birçok besteci gibi Sergey Rahmaninov da bir dizi eser bestelemiştir. Bu eserlerin sonuncusu olan op.32 no.13 re bemol majör prelüt, yoğun piyano yazısı ve karmaşık müzikal yapısıyla icrası zor bir eser olarak bilinmektedir. Aynı zamanda bu eser, kronolojik olarak kendisinden önce gelen bazı prelütlerden çeşitli alıntılar içermektedir. Bir müzik eserini icra ederken o eseri oluşturan en küçük motifleri incelemek, eserin bütününü anlamak ve eserin zorluklarının üstesinden gelmek açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada eserin içindeki küçük motifler ve alıntılar incelenmiş ve söz konusu küçük birimlerin yorumlanmasıyla ilgili önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Bu sayede prelüdün müzikal ve teknik anlamda daha anlaşılır olması amaçlanmıştır.Russian pianist and composer Sergey Rachmaninoff is among the many other composers who have created a series of works in the prelude form, which had undergone an evolutionary shift in the nineteenth century with Frederic Chopin. Being the last of the series, the prelude in D flat Major op.32 no.13 is known to be a challenging work fort he performer, with its intense piano writing and complex musical structure. The prelude also contains various excerpts from previous preludes in chronological order. Analysing even the slightest motifs is crucial to the performance of a musical work, since this would provide a means to comprehend the composition in its entirety and overcome its many challanges for the performer. In this study, the small motifs and excerpts contained in the work have been analysed and suggestions made as to the interpretation of these units. In this way, it is aimed to provide a better understanding in the prelude in both musical and technical terms, and also to emphasize his ingenuity in processing these themes and musical motifs. His thematic approach which in contrast to most of his peers, has retained elements of the nineteenth century tradition, has been analysed in the light of this last prelude

Relevance of additional immunohistochemical markers in the differential diagnosis of small B-Cell lymphomas: a case-Control study

Clinical and pathological differential diagnosis of small B-cell lymphomas (SBCLs) is still controversial and may be difficult due to their overlapping morphology, phenotype, and differentiation to plasma cells. We aimed to examine the expression of the immune receptor translocation-associated protein 1 (IRTA1), myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA), lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (LEF1), and stathmin 1 (STMN1) markers in SBCL cases involving different sites that may have plasma cell differentiation. Materials and Methods: We studied 154 tissue samples with lymphoma involvement from 116 patients and evaluated the staining distribution of the markers. Expressions were evaluated in 21 chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), 7 follicular lymphoma (FL), 14 nodal marginal zone lymphoma, 17 extranodal marginal zone lymphoma, 55 splenic marginal zone lymphoma, 22 marginal zone lymphoma-not otherwise specified, and 18 lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia cases by immunohistochemistry. Results: The results confirmed that LEF1 was the most sensitive and specific marker for CLL/SLL and STMN1 was the most sensitive and specific marker for FL (p<0.001). MNDA and IRTA1 were useful markers to distinguish marginal zone lymphomas. Conclusion: Our results suggest that LEF1 for CLL/SLL and STMN1 for FL are reliable markers. LEF1, MNDA, STMN1, and IRTA1 are helpful with other routinely used immunohistochemical markers in a diagnostic algorithm considering their limitations

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with paediatric cancer in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, observational cohort study

OBJECTIVES: Paediatric cancer is a leading cause of death for children. Children in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) were four times more likely to die than children in high-income countries (HICs). This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the COVID-19 pandemic had affected the delivery of healthcare services worldwide, and exacerbated the disparity in paediatric cancer outcomes between LMICs and HICs. DESIGN: A multicentre, international, collaborative cohort study. SETTING: 91 hospitals and cancer centres in 39 countries providing cancer treatment to paediatric patients between March and December 2020. PARTICIPANTS: Patients were included if they were under the age of 18 years, and newly diagnosed with or undergoing active cancer treatment for Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, Wilms' tumour, sarcoma, retinoblastoma, gliomas, medulloblastomas or neuroblastomas, in keeping with the WHO Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: All-cause mortality at 30 days and 90 days. RESULTS: 1660 patients were recruited. 219 children had changes to their treatment due to the pandemic. Patients in LMICs were primarily affected (n=182/219, 83.1%). Relative to patients with paediatric cancer in HICs, patients with paediatric cancer in LMICs had 12.1 (95% CI 2.93 to 50.3) and 7.9 (95% CI 3.2 to 19.7) times the odds of death at 30 days and 90 days, respectively, after presentation during the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.001). After adjusting for confounders, patients with paediatric cancer in LMICs had 15.6 (95% CI 3.7 to 65.8) times the odds of death at 30 days (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected paediatric oncology service provision. It has disproportionately affected patients in LMICs, highlighting and compounding existing disparities in healthcare systems globally that need addressing urgently. However, many patients with paediatric cancer continued to receive their normal standard of care. This speaks to the adaptability and resilience of healthcare systems and healthcare workers globally

Efficacy of Capecitabine and Temozolomide Regimen in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Data From the Turkish Oncology Group

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to report the efficacy and safety of capecitabine plus temozolomide (CAPTEM) across different lines of treatment in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). METHODS: We conducted a multicenter retrospective study analyzing the data of 308 patients with metastatic NETs treated with CAPTEM between 2010 and 2022 in 34 different hospitals across various regions of Turkey. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 41.0 months (range: 1.7-212.1), and the median age was 53 years (range: 22-79). Our results across the entire patient cohort showed a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 10.6 months and a median overall survival (OS) of 60.4 months. First-line CAPTEM treatment appeared more effective, with a median PFS of 16.1 months and a median OS of 105.8 months (median PFS 16.1, 7.9, and 9.6 months in first-, second- and ≥third-line respectively, P = .01; with median OS values of 105.8, 47.2, and 24.1 months, respectively, P = .003) In terms of ORR, the first-line treatment again performed better, resulting in an ORR of 54.7% compared to 33.3% and 30.0% in the second and third or higher lines, respectively (P < .001). Grade 3-4 side effects occurred only in 22.5% of the patients, leading to a discontinuation rate of 9.5%. Despite the differences in outcomes based on treatment line, we did not observe a significant difference in terms of side effects between the first and subsequent lines of treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The substantial superior outcomes in patients receiving first-line CAPTEM treatment highlight its potential as an effective treatment strategy for patients with metastatic NET