Non-perturbative running of quark masses in three-flavour QCD

We present our preliminary results for the computation of the non-perturbative running of renormalized quark masses in $N_f = 3$ QCD, between the electroweak and hadronic scales, using standard finite-size scaling techniques. The computation is carried out to very high precision, using massless $\mathcal{O}(a)$-improved Wilson quarks. Following the strategy adopted by the ALPHA Collaboration for the running coupling, different schemes are used above and below a scale $\mu_0 \sim m_b$, which differ by using either the Schr\"odinger Functional or Gradient Flow renormalized coupling. We discuss our results for the running in both regions, and the procedure to match the two schemes.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 34th annual International Symposium on Lattice Field Theor

Prospects and status of quark mass renormalization in three-flavour QCD

We present the current status of a revised strategy to compute the running of renormalized quark masses in QCD with three flavours of massless O(a) improved Wilson quarks. The strategy employed uses the standard finite-size scaling method in the Schr\"odinger functional and accommodates for the non-perturbative scheme-switch which becomes necessary at intermediate renormalized couplings as discussed in [arXiv:1411.7648].Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; Proceedings of the 33rd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, 14-18 July 2015, Kobe, Japa

Non-perturbative quark mass renormalisation and running in Nf=3N_f=3 QCD

We determine from first principles the quark mass anomalous dimension in Nf=3 QCD between the electroweak and hadronic scales. This allows for a fully non-perturbative connection of the perturbative and non-perturbative regimes of the Standard Model in the hadronic sector. The computation is carried out to high accuracy, employing massless O(a)-improved Wilson quarks and finite-size scaling techniques. We also provide the matching factors required in the renormalisation of light quark masses from lattice computations with O(a)-improved Wilson fermions and a tree-level Symanzik improved gauge action. The total uncertainty due to renormalisation and running in the determination of light quark masses in the SM is thus reduced to about 1%.Comment: 41 pages, 10 tables, 7 figures, published version (minimal text improvements

Contribution of green turtles Chelonia mydas to total herbivore biomass in shallow tropical habitats of oceanic islands

Green turtles are megaherbivores with a key role in the dynamics of tropical seagrass meadows, but little is known about their relevance as herbivores in tropical reef habitats. We conducted underwater censuses of green turtles, herbivorous fishes and sea urchins in two distinct tropical regions: Fernando de Noronha (Western Atlantic Ocean) and the Hawaiian Archipelago (Central Pacific Ocean), to assess the contribution of green turtles to the total herbivore biomass in shallow reef habitats of tropical oceanic islands. Juvenile green turtles ranging 40-60 cm were observed at most of the surveyed sites, and hence, could be considered typical components of the shallow reef fauna of tropical oceanic islands. Furthermore, they were usually one of the most abundant species of roving herbivores in many of the sites surveyed. However, the biomass of green turtles was usually much lower than the aggregated biomass of fishes or sea urchins, which usually constituted most of the total herbivore biomass. Green turtles made a major contribution to the total herbivore biomass only in sheltered sites with low rugosity, low coral cover and high algal cover. Further investigation on the trophic redundancy between herbivores is required to assess the actual relevance of green turtles in reef ecosystems of oceanic islands, compared to herbivorous fishes and sea urchins, because different herbivores may target different algal resources and complementarity may be needed to maintain ecosystem functioning across large, naturally varied reefscapes

Ecología trófica y análisis del grado de omnivoría de las tortugas verdes en la costa atlántica occidental = Trophic ecology and analysis of the degree of omnivory of the green turtles on the Western Atlantic Coast

[spa] Los hábitats utilizados por las tortugas marinas durante su desarrollo varían notablemente en cuanto a características ambientales y disponibilidad de alimento. Comprender los factores que determinan la selección del hábitat y de la dieta resulta esencial para comprender la interacción que existe entre dichas especies y sus hábitats. Dicho conocimiento también proporciona datos para adoptar medidas de gestión y conservación destinadas a restaurar y mantener las poblaciones de tortugas marinas y así, su función ecológica en el ecosistema. Las zonas costeras de Brasil, Uruguay y Argentina albergan diversos hábitats de importancia para la alimentación de los juveniles de la tortuga verde, pero todavía existe un gran desconocimiento sobre la ecología trófica de esta especie durante la fase juvenil de transición desde hábitats pelágicos a bentónicos. En esta tesis se ha estudiado cómo se produce el asentamiento de las tortugas verdes en la costa de Brasil, incluyendo la selección del hábitat y la adquisición de un microbioma adecuado para la digestión de material vegetal. Los resultados demuestran que el asentamiento de las tortugas verdes a lo largo de la costa oriental de Sudamérica está fuertemente influido por la corriente del Brasil y que el cambio ontogenético es rápido en las zonas tropicales y más lento en las subtropicales, a pesar de la rápida adquisición de una microbiota capaz de degradar polisacáridos complejos en ambas zonas. Dicha microbiota resulta en una gran eficiencia en la digestión de algas, especialmente de las Rodophyta, pero no impide la digestión de presas animales. Por último, las tortugas juveniles seleccionan de forma preferente para su alimentación zonas de arrecife de baja rugosidad, someras y con poco coral vivo.[eng] The habitats used by marine turtles during their development vary largely in environmental conditions and food availability. Understanting habitat selection is critical to the implementation of successful management and conservation actions aiming to restore and maintain sea turtle populations and, thus, their ecological function in the ecosystem. The coastal areas of Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina have a diversity of coastal habitats supporting feeding grounds for the green turtle, but there is still a lack of knowledge about the feeding ecology of this species during the juvenile transition phase from pelagic habitats to neritic habitats. This thesis has studied the settlement of green turtles in the coastal habitats of Brazil, including the ontogenetic diet shift. Results show that the settlement of green turtles along the eastern coast of South America is strongly influenced by the Brazilian current and that the ontogenetic change is fast in the tropics and slower in the subtropics, despite a fast acquisition of a microbiota capable of fermenting complex polysaccharides shortly after settlement. Such microbiome is highly efficient for the digestion of macroalgae, particularly Rodophyta, but does not impede the digestion of animal matter. Finally, preferred foraging grounds are shallow, have a low rugosity and little live coral

Influence of Photoperiod on Biomass Production and Removal of Nutrients from Tannery Effluents with Microalgae Consortium

Content: Wastewater from tanneries besides having toxic compounds also contain nutrients such as carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen, which facilitate the rapid multiplication of microalgae. Currently, many types of researches search microalgae capable of growing in industrial effluents, exploiting the advantages of removing the nutrients present in these waters and producing biomass with high value- added. The liquid effluents produced in tanneries for finished leather have essential nutrients for the growth of microalgae, but also some compounds that may restrict or hinder the growth of microalgae in this medium. Therefore, the present work has the objective to evaluate the growth of a microalgae consortium (collected in a wastewater treatment plant of a beamhouse tannery) for the removal of phosphorus and ammonia from wastewater streams of a tannery (processing wet-blue to finished leather) with different photoperiods. Microalgae consortium was cultivated at two different compositions of mixtures of raw wastewater (R) and wastewater after secondary biological treatment (B): 50% of R + 50% of B, (50R50B) and 75% of R + 25% of B, (75R25B), in photoperiod of 24 hours and 12 hours of light, temperature of 25 °C and constant aeration. The growth of microalgae in the effluent and the removal of phosphorus and ammonia were monitored throughout the cultivation. The microalgae consortium presented maximum biomass concentrations in the 75R25B effluent (1.40 g L-1) and phosphorus removal (97.64% for the 50R50B and 95.54% for the 75R25B) effluent and ammonia removal (100%) for both effluent with 24-hour photoperiod light. Take-Away: In this study, it was found that the microalgae consortium can survive in wastewater from tanneries (processing wet-blue to finished leather) and exhibit removals of phosphorus and ammonia from the medium. The 24-hour light photoperiod presented better microalgae growth and nutrient removal results

DC-link control filtering options for torque ripple reduction in low power wind turbines

Small Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECSs) are becoming an attractive option for distributed energy generation. WECSs use permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) directly coupled to the wind turbine and connected to the grid through a single-phase grid-tie converter. The loading produced on the DC-link is characterized by large ripple currents at twice the grid frequency. These ripple currents are reflected through the DC bus into the PMSG, causing increased heating and ripple torque. In this paper, the PMSG inverter is used to control the DC link voltage. In order to avoid reflecting the ripple currents into the PMSG, the feedback DC-link voltage is passed through a filter. The Butterworth filters, notch filters, antiresonant filter (ARF) and moving average filter (MAF) are considered. For a fair comparison, formulas are provided to tune the filter parameters so that DC-link voltage control will achieve the selected bandwidth. The different filtering options produce different levels of torque ripple reduction. Notch Filter, ARF and MAF obtain the best results and there is a trade-off between the filter implementation complexity, bandwidth, overshoot and the torque ripple reduction. Simulations and experiments using a 2.5 kW PMSG turbine generator validate the proposals

Biorrefinaria de microalgas para produção biocombustíveis e pontos de carbono

As microalgas são microrganismos que reúnem características interessantes, apresentado vantagens em seus cultivos quando comparadas a outras oleaginosas. Além disso, a biomassa de microalgas tem sido relatada na literatura como uma promissora fonte para obtenção de diversos produtos de interesse industrial como, lipídeos (ácidos graxos e carotenoides) proteínas e carboidratos. A biorrefinaria de microalgas é um sistema industrial sustentável que integra processos de conversão da biomassa em bioprodutos de valor agregado. Novos produtos de valor agregado têm sido estudados a fim de aumentar viabilidade econômica das biorrefinarias. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o cenário da pesquisa no tratamento de efluentes com consórcio de microalgas e propor uma rota de biorrefinaria de microalgas partindo do tratamento de efluentes da indústria do couro até a obtenção de produtos finais, a partir de dados encontrados na literatura. Para assim, apresentar cada etapa e calcular os rendimentos dos produtos da pirólise, levando em conta uma aplicação para o biochar (gerado na etapa de pirólise da microalga Chlorella sorokiniana). Por fim, realizar a síntese de pontos de carbono (Carbon Dots - CDs) a partir do biochar, que podem ser usados como sensores para detecção de íons metálicos. Primeiramente, foi realizada uma análise dos trabalhos encontrados na literatura sobre o tratamento de águas poluídas utilizando consórcio de microalgas. Em seguida, foi feita uma análise das etapas de uma biorrefinaria de microalgas com dados encontrados na literatura, para propor um nova rota de biorrefinaria e calcular o rendimento dos bioprodutos de interesse da rota. Esta rota inicia com o tratamento de efluentes de curtume, seguida da recuperação de biomassa e pirólise. Os três bioprodutos da pirólise (bio-óleo, biochar e gás) foram analisados e aplicações foram propostas de acordo com o rendimento dos produtos finais. Os resultados mostram que 1.000 m3 de efluente de curtume geram 11,58 ton de biomassa seca de microalgas, gerando 28,95 gal de diesel e 48,68 gal de gasolina e 68,79 kg de pontos de carbono. A proposta da biorrefinaria apresentada é um processo de economia circular sustentável, pois reutiliza os produtos (CO2, biochar, além de dar um destino ao efluente da indústria do couro). Neste trabalho também foram sintetizados pontos de carbono de biochar de microalgas através de despolimerização termoquímica com KMnO4 em diferentes concentrações. A caracterização dos CDs foi realizada por meio de intensidade de fluorescência, Potencial Zeta, Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e Microscopia de Força Atômica (AFM). Os resultados mostraram que todas as amostras apresentaram fluorescência, sendo que as amostras sintetizadas com KMnO4 nas concentrações de 8,54 % e 10,0 % (CD-BMK8,54 e CD-BMK10,0, respectivamente) apresentaram maior intensidade de fluorescência máxima e boa estabilidade. Ao adicionar Cr (VI) e Cr (III) às amostras CD-BMK8,54 e CD-BMK10,0, foi possível notar que houve extinção da fluorescência (nos comprimentos de extinção de 330 nm e 350 nm) à medida que a concentração de íons metálicos aumentou, exceto para a amostra CDBMK10,0 com Cr (III), no comprimento de 350 nm, mostrando que esta amostra apresenta seletividade para extinção apenas para Cr (VI). Desta forma, a biorrefinaria ganha novos coprodutos para agregar maior valor econômico ao processo e tornar a produção de biocombustíveis viável para competir com os combustíveis convencionais.Microalgae are microorganisms that have interesting characteristics, presenting advantages in their cultures when compared to other oilseeds. In addition, microalgae biomass has been reported in the literature as a promising source for obtaining various products of industrial interest, such as lipids (fatty acids and carotenoids), proteins and carbohydrates. The microalgae biorefinery is a sustainable industrial system that integrates biomass conversion processes into value-added bioproducts. New value-added products have been studied in order to increase the economic viability of biorefineries. Therefore, the objective of this work is to propose a microalgae biorefinery route starting from the treatment of effluents from the leather industry to obtaining final products, presenting each step and calculating the yields, and to propose an application for biochar (generated in the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana pyrolysis method: the synthesis of carbon dots (Carbon Dots - CDs) that can be used as sensors for detecting metal ions. Firstly, an analysis of works found in the literature on the treatment of polluted water using microalgae consortium was carried out. Then, an analysis of the stages of a microalgae biorefinery was carried out with data found in the literature, to propose a new biorefinery route and calculate the yield of the bioproducts of interest in the route. This route starts with the treatment of tannery effluents, followed by biomass recovery and pyrolysis. The three bioproducts generated in pyrolysis (bio-oil, biochar and gas) are analyzed and some of their applications have been proposed according to the yield of the final products. The results show that 1,000 m3 of tannery effluents produce 11.58 tons of dry microalgae biomass, generating 28.95 gal of diesel and 48.68 gal of gasoline and 68.79 kg of carbon points. The proposal of the biorefinery presented is a sustainable circular economy process, as it reuses the products (CO2 and biochar in the process and beyond the destination to the effluent from the leather industry). In this work, carbon dots from microalgae biochar were also synthesized through thermochemical depolymerization with KMnO4 at different concentrations. After this step, the purification of the nanoparticles was performed. The characterization of the CDs was performed using fluorescence intensity, Zeta Potential, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The results showed that all samples showed fluorescence, with samples synthesized with KMnO4 at concentrations of 8.54% and 10.0% (CD-BMK8.54 and CD-BMK10.0, respectively) which showed the highest maximum fluorescence intensity and good stability. By adding Cr (VI) and Cr (III) to samples CD-BMK8.54 and CD-BMK10.0, it was possible to notice that there was quenching of fluorescence (in the quenching lengths of 330 nm and 350 nm) as the concentration increased. of metallic ions increased, except for the sample CD-BMK10.0 with Cr (III), in the length of 350 nm, showing that this sample presents selectivity for extinction only for Cr (VI). The advantage of using residual biochar from the bioenergy industry is the possibility of coupling the production of nanomaterials with the microalgae biorefinery. In this way, the biorefinery gains new coproducts to add greater economic value to the process and make the biofuel production process viable to compete with conventional fuels

Tratamento de efluentes de curtume com consórcio de microalgas

Os efluentes líquidos de curtumes apresentam altas cargas orgânicas e de poluentes que devem ser tratados corretamente para atingir os padrões legais para seu descarte, evitando a eutrofização de corpos hídricos e poluição das águas. O acabamento do couro é o estágio final da produção, onde o couro recebe as características desejadas de acordo com os produtos e artigos que serão produzidos. Os efluentes das etapas de processamento para acabamento do couro são responsáveis por conterem poluentes químicos devido ao uso de corantes, surfactantes, metais tóxicos, agentes emulsificantes, recurtentes, óleos, pigmentos, resinas, entre outros produtos químicos adicionados. As microalgas têm sido alvo de vários estudos no âmbito de tratamento de efluentes, devido à sua capacidade de remover diversos nutrientes, matéria orgânica do meio e por serem formas mais limpas e econômicas de tratar os poluentes. Diante disto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o emprego de um consórcio de microalgas para tratamento de efluentes de um curtume e analisar a capacidade de remoção de poluentes que são nutrientes para estes microrganismos. Os efluentes foram caracterizados ao longo dos ensaios com o consórcio de microalgas por meio de Nitrogênio Total (NT), Amônia (NH3), Fósforo (P-PO4), Carbono total (CT), Carbono Orgânico Total (COT), Carbono inorgânico (CI), DQO e Demanda Biológica de Oxigênio (DBO) e foi acompanhado o crescimento das microalgas. Para os experimentos foram coletados efluentes em três estágios distintos em uma estação de tratamento: efluente bruto (B), efluente após tratamento primário de coagulação/floculação (P) e efluente após ao tratamento biológico secundário (S). Os resultados com concentração de efluente de 50%, diluídos em água destilada (A), após 16 dias de cultivo, mostraram que houve crescimento do consórcio nos três efluentes com um crescimento máximo de 1,77 g L-1 no efluente Bruto (50B50A). Na sequência, foi testado o cultivo em efluente bruto (100B) e em efluentes compostos nas seguintes proporções: 50% efluente bruto + 50% efluente após tratamento biológico (50B50S) e 25% efluente bruto + 75% efluente após tratamento biológico (25B75S). Foi possível cultivar o consórcio no efluente bruto sem diluição, entretanto os resultados foram ruins, pois o mesmo apresentou baixo crescimento e, consequentemente, baixos níveis de remoção de nutrientes. Com o efluente composto 25B75S percebeu-se morte rápida das microalgas, uma vez que o efluente apresentava baixas concentrações de nutrientes. Em contrapartida, no efluente 50B50S foram atingidos valores efetivos de crescimento e remoção de nutrientes. Em cultivos fotoautotrófico, mixotrófico e heterotrófico de efluente composto 50B50S e de 75% efluente bruto + 25% efluente após tratamento biológico (75B25S), os melhores resultados foram atingidos no efluente 75B25S no cultivo fotoautotrófico, crescendo até 1,42 g L-1 e atingindo valores de remoção de NNH3, Nitrogênio Total (NT), DQO, carbono orgânico total (TOC) e demanda biológica de oxigênio (DBO5), de 99,90%, 74,89%, 56,70%, 58,18% e 20,68%, respectivamente. Ao obter a microalga isolada Tetraselmis sp. predominante no consórcio foi analisado os parâmetros anteriores em cultivo fotoautotrófico, além disso foi verificada a quantidade de lipídio presente na biomassa. A microalga Tetraselmis sp. apresentou um crescimento notório no cultivo fotoautotrófico com remoções eficientes dos parâmetros e 5,0% de lipídio no peso seco.Liquid effluents from tanneries present high organic and pollutant loads and must be treated correctly to meet the legal standards for effluent disposal and to avoid eutrophication of water bodies and water pollution. The leather finish is the final stage of production, where the leather receives the desired characteristics according to leather goods and articles. The effluents from the processing steps for leather finishing are responsible for containing chemical pollutants due to the use of dyes, surfactants, toxic metals, emulsifying agents, retanning agents, oils, pigments, resins, among other chemicals added. Microalgae have been the subject of several studies in the field of effluent treatment due to their ability to remove various nutrients, organic matter from the environment and to be cleaner and more economical ways to treat pollutants. In this work, the growth of a microalgae consortium for the treatment of effluents from a tannery was analyzed and the capacity of removal of Total Nitrogen (NT), Ammonia (NH3), Phosphorus (P-PO4), Total Carbon ), Total Organic Carbon (COD), COD and Biological Oxygen Demand (DBO), as well as the growth of microalgae biomass in these effluents. The effluents were characterized before and after the trials with the microalgae consortium. Effluents were collected in three distinct stages at a treatment plant: crude effluent (B), effluent after primary coagulation / flocculation (P) treatment and effluent after secondary biological treatment (S). The results with 50% effluent concentration, diluted in distilled water (A) after 16 days of cultivation, showed that there was a consortium growth in the three effluents with a maximum growth of 1.77 g L-1 in the crude effluent (50P50A). (50B50S) and 25% crude effluent + 75% effluent after biological treatment (25B75S) were tested in the following proportions: 50% crude effluent + 50% effluent after biological treatment (50B50S). It was not possible to cultivate the consortium in pure crude effluent, since it presented low growth and, consequently, low levels of nutrient removal. With the compound effluent 25B75S it was observed rapid death of the microalgae, since the effluent presented low concentrations of nutrients. On the other hand, in the effluent 50B50S, effective values of growth and nutrient removal were achieved. In photoautotrophic, mixotrophic and heterotrophic cultures of 50B50S effluent and 75% crude effluent + 25% effluent after biological treatment (75B25S), the best results were reached in the effluent 75B25S in photoautotrophic cultivation, growing up to 1.42 g L-1 and reaching values of removal of N-NH3, total nitrogen (NT), (DQO), total organic carbon (COT) and biological oxygen demand (DBO), of 99.90%, 74.89%, 56.70%, 58.18% and 20.68%, respectively. By obtaining the isolated microalgae Tetraselmis sp., predominant in the consortium and analyzed and the previous parameters in photoautotrophic cultivation, in addition to being verified the amount of lipid present in the biomass. The microalgae Tetraselmis sp. showed a notable growth in photoautotrophic cultivation with efficient removal of the parameters and 5.0% of lipid in dry weight

imaxin|software: NLP applied to enhance multilingual communications for public organisms and companies

imaxin|software es una empresa creada en 1997 por cuatro titulados en ingeniería informática cuyo objetivo ha sido el de desarrollar videojuegos multimedia educativos y procesamiento del lenguaje natural multilingüe. 17 años más tarde, hemos desarrollado recursos, herramientas y aplicaciones multilingües de referencia para diferentes lenguas: Portugués (Galicia, Portugal, Brasil, etc.), Español (España, Argentina, México, etc.), Inglés, Catalán y Francés. En este artículo haremos una descripción de aquellos principales hitos en relación a la incorporación de estas tecnologías PLN al sector industrial e institucional.Imaxin|software is a company created in 1997 by four computer engineers with the aim of developing educational multimedia games and natural language processing tools. After 17 years imaxin|software has developed resources, tools and applications for different languages, specially for Portuguese (Galiza, Portugal, Brazil, etc.), Spanish (Spain, Argentina, Mexico, etc.), English, Catalan, French. In this article we will describe the main highlights of this technological and human challenge